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# HH-RA.org

Heartland Health Research Alliance

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://hh-ra.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [HHRA Regrets Supreme Court Decision in Monsanto v. Durnell](https://hh-ra.org/2026/06/25/hhra-regrets-supreme-court-decision-in-durnell-v-monsanto/) - By: Charles Benbrook Loss of Failure to Warn Claims in Litigation will Help Shield Pesticide Registrants from Accountability and Undermine the Role of States in Pesticide Regulation The Supreme Court’s decision announced today will markedly limit the role of litigation and State regulators in holding pesticide registrants accountable both for the adverse impacts on human
- [Why HHRA’s Amicus Brief to the Supreme Court in Opposition to Preemption?](https://hh-ra.org/2026/04/01/why-hhras-amicus-brief-to-the-supreme-court-in-opposition-to-preemption/) - By: Tom Green, HHRA Board Chair Pesticides are critically important tools for public health and for our food, fiber and fuel supplies. They’re important in all kinds of agriculture including organic. I’ve devoted my career to pursuing safer use of pesticides, and only when alternative approaches are not adequate. I’ve worked with all types of producers
- [HHRA's Detailed Analysis of Monsanto v. Durnell Oral Argument](https://hh-ra.org/2026/05/27/durnell-v-monsanto-oral-argument-before-the-supreme-court/) - By: Charles Benbrook, Strategic Advisor, Heartland Health Research Alliance (HHRA) Updated May 27, 2026 To view the entire post as a PDF, click here. To read the full HHRA brief submitted to the Supreme Court, click here. To read HHRA's press release on why the brief was submitted, click here. The Supreme Court agreed to
- [HHRA Urges SCOTUS to Preserve a Strong Role for States in Pesticide Regulation](https://hh-ra.org/2026/04/01/hhra-urges-scotus-to-preserve-a-strong-role-for-states-in-pesticide-regulation/) - Press Release Amicus Brief Highlights "Unintended Consequents" If the Court Rules in Favor of Bayer/Monsanto and the Pesticide Industry HHRA warned the Supreme Court that “the effectiveness of FIFRA [federal pesticide law] rises and falls on the fluidity and coherence of state plus federal contributions to labeling” in an Amicus Brief submitted today. The Court
- [Making Homegrown Produce Safer Belongs on the MAHA Agenda](https://hh-ra.org/2026/02/01/making-homegrown-produce-safer-belongs-on-the-maha-agenda/) - HHRA’s major project, the Heartland Study, is designed to determine whether prenatal exposures to pesticides, and especially herbicides, are contributing to problems during pregnancy like preeclampsia, preterm birth, or developmental abnormalities. We already know that a healthy diet reduces the risk of preeclampsia and helps support normal fetal development. A healthy daily diet for pregnant
- [V.2 of FEVER Act Posted for Comments](https://hh-ra.org/2026/01/01/v-2-of-fever-act-posted-for-comments/) - Note to Readers and FEVER Act Contributors From: Chuck Benbrook, HHRA Consultant On this first day of 2026, we are pleased to share V.2 of the “Farm Economic Vitality and Environmental Recovery Act” (pdf of V.2 FEVER Act). The text of V.2 appears at the end of this message. The V.1 draft of the Act
- [About the Current Farm Crisis and the Scope of Farm Bill Reforms Necessary to Bring About Meaningful Change](https://hh-ra.org/2025/10/26/about-the-current-farm-crisis-and-the-scope-of-farm-bill-reforms-necessary-to-bring-about-meaningful-change/) - By: Tom Green, HHRA Board Chair and Chuck Benbrook, former HHRA ED Updated December 13, 2025 Farmers growing major U.S. crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, cotton and peanuts are facing record loses due to steeply depressed crop prices over the past few years, coupled with persistently rising production expenses and disruptions in trade flows.
- [Farm Economic Vitality and Environmental Recovery Act (FEVER Act): Discussion Document](https://hh-ra.org/2025/10/26/farm-economic-vitality-and-environmental-recovery-act-fever-act-discussion-document/) - By: Tom Green, HHRA Board Chair and Chuck Benbrook, former HHRA ED Note to Readers and Contributors The document below discusses policy reforms that could be incorporated in future farm legislation. We are soliciting reactions and better ideas to improve what we are calling the “Farm Economic Vitality and Environmental Recovery Act” (FEVER Act). The
- [Heartland Health Research Alliance and Swette Center Comments Submitted to the FDA Docket FDA-2025-N-1793](https://hh-ra.org/2025/10/21/heartland-health-research-alliance-and-swette-center-comments-submitted-to-the-fda-docket-fda-2025-n-1793/) - Defining and Delineating Ultra-Processed Foods These comments are submitted on behalf of the Heartland Health Research Alliance (HHRA), a non-profit organization conducting research on the impacts of farming systems on the environment and public health (hh-ra.org), and the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems at Arizona State University. HHRA and the Swette Center submitted comments
- [Helping Americans Choose Healthier Foods: If There is the Will, There is a Way](https://hh-ra.org/2025/10/21/helping-americans-choose-healthier-foods-if-there-is-the-will-there-is-a-way/) - By: Tom Green, HHRA Board Chair and Kathleen Merrigan, Chair, Policy Advisory Committee Excessive intakes of unhealthy processed foods are driving deeply worrisome trends in public health that every American family is aware of, and likely impacted by. Problems arising in the wake of industrial-scale, processed food manufacturing have grown steadily more severe over the last half
- [HHRA Research Partners Publish Groundbreaking Paper with New Insights on Glyphosate's Impact to the Microbiome](https://hh-ra.org/2021/01/26/hhra-research-partners-publish-groundbreaking-paper-on-glyphosates-impact-on-the-microbiome/) - This new study — the first to compare the toxicity of glyphosate to the widely used European Union (EU) Roundup formulation MON 52276 at doses that regulators claim to be safe — was published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives on January 27, 2021. MON 52276 is the EU “representative” Roundup formulation upon which risk assessments
- [HHRA Executive Director Publishes Paper on the Dietary Risk Index System for Measuring Pesticide Risk from the Diet](https://hh-ra.org/2021/01/07/hhra-executive-director-publishes-paper-on-the-dietary-risk-index-system-for-measuring-pesticide-risk-from-the-diet/) - Charles Benbrook, HHRA's Executive Director, and his colleague Donald Davis of the University of Texas-Austin's Biochemical Institute published a peer-review paper in October, 2020 describing the analytical system they developed to measure the risk from pesticide exposure in the diet. This peer-reviewed paper describes the methodologies and data sources incorporated in the Dietary Risk Index system,
- [Guest Blog: Dr. Robin Mesnage on Groundbreaking Glyphosate-Microbiome Study](https://hh-ra.org/2021/01/26/guest-blog-dr-robin-mesnage-on-his-groundbreaking-glyphosate-microbiome-study/) - By: Robin Mesnage, PhD Our gut is home to trillions of bacteria which are critical to good health. Because the once-in-a-century herbicide glyphosate can kill bacteria in a petri dish, the notion that glyphosate acts as an antibiotic in the human gut, and as a result is causing human disease, has gained prominence. However, whether
- [A New Day Dawning at EPA? New Memo Raises Hope](https://hh-ra.org/2021/03/15/a-new-day-dawning-at-epa-new-memo-raises-hope/) - Reporter Emily Unglesbee with DTN/Progressive Farmer has done solid reporting for years now on the trials and tribulations of dicamba herbicide and the XtendiMax GMO soybean and cotton seeds it has been applied on since 2016. Dicamba is one of the herbicides of intense interest to The Heartland Study science team. It is known to
- [New, Comprehensive Study Demonstrates DNA Damage from Real-World Pesticide Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/2021/04/23/new-comprehensive-study-by-hhra-research-partners/) - HHRA research partners at King's College in London and the Ramazzini Institute have published a new study that suggests that regulatory risk assessments may be missing the mark on pesticide health impacts. The study uses the latest multi-omics analytical methods - meaning that it looks at the impact from pesticide exposure across multiple body systems,
- [Fungicides Use, a Resistant Pathogen, and Rising Death Rates -- CDC Connects the Dots](https://hh-ra.org/2021/05/05/fungicides-use-a-resistant-pathogen-and-rising-death-rates-cdc-connects-the-dots/) - In the 1950s and 1960s, rapidly rising use of antibiotics to promote growth of farm animals triggered mutations leading to resistant bacteria that have found ways to jump into the human population. For most of the last one-half century, over 7 pounds of antibiotics have been given to farm animals for every 1 pound administered
- [The Lowdown on the Landmark Chlorpyrifos Ruling](https://hh-ra.org/2021/05/05/the-lowdown-on-the-landmark-chlorpyrifos-ruling/) - The organophosphate (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) has been one of the most heavily used soil insecticides in the Heartland for decades. Farmers use it to prevent worm larvae from attacking roots, and it remains a common residue in many fruits and vegetables, and especially in imported produce. Scientists and the EPA have been working to
- [Searching for an Ounce of Prevention](https://hh-ra.org/2021/05/25/searching-for-an-ounce-of-prevention/) - By: Dr. David M. Haas and Melissa Perry, ScD Over 18% of the babies born in Puerto Rico in 2011 were preterm, increasing life-long risks for multiple adverse developmental, reproductive, and chronic disease outcomes. In that same year, an NIH-funded birth cohort study was initiated entitled the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT).
- [HHRA Paper Quantifies Impact of Organic Farming on Pesticide Use and Dietary Risks](https://hh-ra.org/2021/07/06/hhra-paper-quantifies-impact-of-organic-farming-on-pesticide-use-and-dietary-risks/) - A new HHRA paper published in the peer-reviewed journal Agronomy reports significant impacts of organic farming systems on pesticide use and the risks stemming from pesticide residues on food. “Organic Farming Lessens Reliance on Pesticides and Promotes Public Health by Lowering Dietary Risks” was co-authored by HHRA Executive Director Chuck Benbrook, and research partners Susan
- [Take Home Messages in “Organic Farming Lessens Reliance on Pesticides and Promotes Public Health by Lowering Dietary Risks”](https://hh-ra.org/2021/07/07/take-home-messages-hhra-new-paper/) - We are excited to share the release of this HHRA sponsored peer-reviewed paper. HHRA’s Executive Director Dr. Charles Benbrook is the lead author, click here to view the paper, and read on for a user-friendly summary of the findings. Did you know there are pesticide residues in and on your food on a daily basis
- [HHRA Commentary Recommends Four Steps to Fix Systemic Problems with Pesticide Regulation](https://hh-ra.org/2021/08/02/hhra-commentary-recommends-four-steps-to-fix-systemic-problems-with-pesticide-regulation/) - Scientific uncertainty and controversy go hand-in-hand in our nation’s efforts to prevent adverse public health and environmental impacts from the pesticides applied by farmers, ranchers, foresters, landscapers, and groundskeepers. Significant progress has been made in the sciences supporting pesticide risk assessment and regulation. But serious gaps persist between real-world adverse outcomes stemming from pesticide use,
- [Time to Slow the Spread of Resistant Weeds by Speeding Up Adoption of Integrated Weed Management](https://hh-ra.org/2021/08/20/time-to-slow-the-spread-of-resistant-weeds-by-speeding-up-adoption-of-integrated-weed-management/) - By Tom Green, HHRA Board Chair and Charles Benbrook, Executive Director In the late 1990s Wisconsin soybean farmers eagerly adopted the Roundup Ready (RR) system of weed management. About 40% of the State’s soybean crop was planted to RR soybeans. On 70% of these fields a single application of Roundup achieved season-long control, while 30% of these acres
- [Is a Weed Management Trainwreck Around the Corner? – Reflections on the "Superweeds" Wake Up Call in the New York Times](https://hh-ra.org/2021/09/01/is-a-weed-management-trainwreck-around-the-corner-reflections-on-the-superweeds-wake-up-call-in-the-new-york-times/) - In the mid-1980s when I was the Executive Director of the Board on Agriculture in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), I had the privilege of working with some of the nation’s top weed scientists who had already become concerned over excessive use of herbicides. They wrote the weed management chapter in the 1986 NAS
- [Big Changes Called for to Sever the Roots of Injustice in the Distribution of Pesticide Risks and Benefits](https://hh-ra.org/2022/05/06/big-changes-called-for-to-sever-the-roots-of-injustice-in-the-distribution-of-pesticide-risks-and-benefits/) - Have you heard: A new study has reported that one-half of the residents in high-density, low-income public housing in New York State apply pesticides inside their apartments at least once per week? No wonder then that 85% of pregnant African American and Dominican women in NYC had at least one pesticide in their umbilical cord
- [Better Late Than Never: Farmers, Ag Scientists and the Public Health Community Come Together in Iowa and Pay Tribute to a Sustainable Ag Pioneer](https://hh-ra.org/2022/05/11/better-late-than-never-a-tribute-in-iowa/) - By: Audrey Tran Lam and Chuck Benbrook “I have been trying to bring together farmers and the public health community in Iowa for my whole career and tonight it finally happened.” This is what one attendee told the HHRA team at the end of our May 3, 2022 reception in Ames, Iowa. Our reception was
- [Glyphosate and AMPA in You and Me](https://hh-ra.org/2022/07/14/glyphosate-and-ampa-in-you-and-me/) - No one should be surprised that the Centers for Disease Control has found glyphosate in 80% of the urine samples tested as part of CDC’s routine NHANES biomonitoring program. Details are reported online in a June 2022 CDC report as well as in many news outlets including this story in The Guardian. Today, most Americans
- [Europe is Growing Organic Production, Will the US Follow Suit?](https://hh-ra.org/2022/10/14/europe-growing-organic-will-us/) - Advocates calling for change in US Ag Inc often struggle to point to successful models through which farming and food chains have evolved toward safer and more sustainable production systems. The surest way to largely eliminate the impacts of prenatal pesticide exposure on birth outcomes and children’s development – HHRA’s foundational goals – is converting
- [Worrisome Trends in Herbicide Exposures Highlighted During HHRA Sponsored Session at APHA](https://hh-ra.org/2022/11/07/worrisome-trends-in-herbicide-exposures-highlighted-during-hhra-sponsored-session-at-apha/) - On November 8th, HHRA-sponsored a 90-minute special session on “Herbicides and Birth Outcomes” at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association (APHA) in Boston. Our session was among a very few exploring how food and farming systems impact public health. Four speakers, all of whom are HHRA science advisors, will described ongoing efforts
- [HHRA Paper Analyzes Pesticide Dietary Risk in Individual Samples of Foods](https://hh-ra.org/2022/12/05/hhra-paper-analyzes-pesticide-dietary-risk-in-individual-samples-of-foods/) - One of the main sources of pesticide exposure is through the diet. It is critically important to understand pesticide residues in foods and how dietary risks have changed over time. Over the last 20 years HHRA's Executive Director Charles Benbrook has developed an analytical database that quantifies the relative risk posed by residues in the
- [Genotoxicity Assays Published Since 2016 Shed New Light on the Oncogenic Potential of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides](https://hh-ra.org/2023/01/16/genotoxicity-assays-published-since-2016-shed-new-light-on-the-oncogenic-potential-of-glyphosate-based-herbicides/) - Is DNA Damaged When Applicators are Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides? An HHRA Scientist Wanders Deep in the Weeds Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have been used since 1974. The first evidence that GBHs can damage DNA was published in the 1990s. By then, Monsanto had submitted to the US EPA and other regulators around 100 genotoxicity studies,
- [Widely used herbicide and free radicals, a toxic combo](https://hh-ra.org/2023/01/19/widely-used-herbicide-and-free-radicals-a-toxic-combo/) - Authors: Chuck Benbrook, Robin Mesnage, William Sawyer Too much oxidative stress is bad biology that unites all humankind. It always has and always will. Normal, essential cell functions trigger the release of what is called “reactive oxygen species” (ROS), aka “free radicals.” A buildup of reactive oxygen species causes damage to DNA, fats, and proteins.
- [What Makes One Food “Healthy” and Another Less So or Not “Healthy”?](https://hh-ra.org/2023/02/14/what-makes-one-food-healthy-and-another-less-so-or-not-healthy/) - As part of the September 28, 2022 White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, the Food and Drug Administration published in the Federal Register a Proposed Rule that had been fermenting for six years. The rule sets forth a new definition of “healthy” food and lays out a front-of-package labeling system designed to assist
- [So What is Healthy Food and Why is HHRA Focused on Food Nutritional Quality?](https://hh-ra.org/2023/02/14/so-what-is-healthy-food-and-why-is-hhra-focused-on-food-nutritional-quality/) - Adults alive today have lived through efforts to address four existential threats to our individual and collective health: smoking, AIDs, Covid, and food and diets that undermine health and promote chronic disease. For the first three threats, our collective response has been sustained and successful and has improved America’s public health. A combination of new
- [HHRA Answers DPR's Call for Comments on Its "Roadmap" for Transforming Pest Management](https://hh-ra.org/2023/03/14/hhra-answers-dprs-call-for-comments-on-its-roadmap-for-transforming-pest-management/) - In a January 26, 2023 press release, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) released a provocative report entitled “Sustainable Pest Management: A Roadmap for California.” The Roadmap report sets “ambitious goals and actions to accelerate California’s systemwide transition to sustainable pest management and eliminate prioritized high-risk pesticides by 2050.” Also by 2050, the Roadmap
- [California’s Bold Plan to Transform Pest Management Systems is Long on Ambition and Light on Details](https://hh-ra.org/2023/03/14/californias-bold-plan-to-transform-pest-management-systems-is-long-on-ambition-and-light-on-details/) - By: Chuck Benbrook, HHRA ED By: Mark Lipson, HHRA Director of Policy and Regulatory Engagement We welcomed the invitation from California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation for members of the public to offer comments and guidance as the State begins to take concrete actions needed to achieve the goals set forth in the new report Sustainable
- [Herbicide Use in Iowa Update](https://hh-ra.org/2023/03/30/herbicide-use-in-iowa-update/) - An update on HHRA research on herbicide use in Iowa and changes in herbicide exposure levels was presented March 29, 2023 at the annual meeting of the Iowa Public Health Association. The meeting was held on the campus of Iowa State University. HHRA ED Chuck Benbrook made the presentation during a session entitled “Dealing with the
- [Challenges Ahead in Implementing Policies to Promote Soil Health](https://hh-ra.org/2023/04/17/challenges-ahead-in-implementing-policies-to-promote-soil-health/) - By: David R. Montgomery, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Seattle By: Chuck Benbrook, Executive Director, HHRA An international team of scientists published a January 6, 2023 Policy Forum piece in Science entitled “Soil biodiversity needs policy without borders“. It makes a strong case for new laws and mechanisms to restore above and below ground
- [HHRA Earns Highest Rating from Guidestar/Candid](https://hh-ra.org/2023/09/08/hhra-earns-highest-rating-from-guidestar-candid/) - By Russell King, HHRA Executive Director I'm pleased to announce that the HHRA has earned the Candid Platinum Seal of Transparency for 2023 --an achievement earned by fewer than one percent of US-based nonprofits. The Candid Platinum Seal is the highest level of recognition offered by Candid (formerly known as GuideStar) and is awarded to
- [Heartland Study Methods Paper Published in Chemosphere](https://hh-ra.org/2023/10/18/heartland-study-methods-paper-published-in-chemospere/) - A methods paper is about our flagship study is being published in Chemosphere, a peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1972 by Elsevier. It publishes both original research and review articles in environmental chemistry. We extend our thanks to the authors: Jessica Larose, Jean-François Bienvenu, Patrick Bélanger, Éric Gaudreau, Yunpeng Yu, and David M. Guise.
- [Findings from study of rats spotlights the importance of the Heartland Study](https://hh-ra.org/2023/10/26/findings-from-study-of-rats-spotlights-the-importance-of-the-heartland-study/) - By Russell K. King, HHRA Executive Director A multi-institutional international toxicological study has found that low doses of glyphosate-based herbicides cause leukemia in rats, according to a press release issued October 25, 2023, by the Ramazzini Institute in Italy. Half of the leukemia deaths identified in the study groups occurred in rats younger than a
- [New Study in Rats Establishes Strong Link Between Roundup Exposure and Early Onset Leukemia](https://hh-ra.org/2023/11/06/new-study-in-rats-establishes-strong-link-between-roundup-exposure-and-early-onset-leukemia/) - By Philip Landrigan, MD, Chair, HHRA Science Advisory Committee The Ramazzini Institute (RI) is concluding its five-year Global Glyphosate Study (GGS), the most detailed independent study ever conducted on the toxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs). The study integrates three parts: a two-year cancer bioassay in rats; a two-generation rat reproduction study, and a
- [The Role of the Heartland Study and HHRA in the Global Glyphosate Study](https://hh-ra.org/2023/11/13/the-role-of-the-heartland-study-and-hhra-in-the-global-glyphosate-study/) - By Philip Landrigan, MD, Chair, HHRA Science Advisory Committee As the design of the five-year Global Glyphosate Study (GGS) came into focus in 2018-2019, I served as chair of the Ramazzini Institute (RI) Science Advisory Committee. Melissa Perry, MD, then the co-primary investigator the Heartland Study, served with me on this committee. During those early
- [Fairness and Trust in Organic Food Supply Chains](https://hh-ra.org/2023/12/02/fairness-and-trust-in-organic-food-supply-chains/) - From the British Food Journal Findings show that perceived distributional, procedural and interactional fairness mutually interact with the perceived trustworthiness of business partners and that both contribute to building personal, organisational and institutional trust. Qualitative data support the conceptual model and show that trust is a valuable relational resource that affects relationship quality and the
- [Eaters Deserve More Complete Information About Nutrition and Health Impacts on Food Labels   ](https://hh-ra.org/2024/10/24/eaters-deserve-more-complete-information-about-nutrition-and-health-impacts-on-food-labels/) - Multiple lines of evidence point to consumer food choices as major contributors to diet-related disease, and poor health and fitness. In a peer-reviewed journal article published today, authors Chuck Benbrook and Robin Mesnage cite studies indicating that “Some 90% of the estimated USD 4.3 trillion in annual health care costs in the US is triggered
- [HHRA Weighs in on Key Pesticide Issues Under Review by the National Organic Standards Board](https://hh-ra.org/2024/10/24/hhra-weighs-in-on-key-pesticide-issues-under-review-by-the-national-organic-standards-board/) - HHRA and ORG-Tracker, represented by Dr. Chuck Benbrook and Dr. Brian Baker, submitted comments to the Agricultural Marketing Service at the USDA in advance of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) meeting in Portland, Oregon, from October 22nd to 24th, 2024. Drs. Benbrook and Baker will both attend the conference and deliver public comments. ORG-Tracker
- [Dr. Kimberly Yolton joins HHRA board](https://hh-ra.org/2024/08/23/dr-kimberly-yolton-joins-hhra-board/) - Dr. Yolton is a developmental psychologist and epidemiologist serving as Professor of Pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Her interests include exposures and experiences that may alter a child’s developmental trajectory from infancy through adolescence. She collaborates on research projects on typical child development as well as those focused on the impact of exposures
- [Paul Hartnett, HHRA's Executive Director](https://hh-ra.org/2024/07/25/paul-hartnett-hhras-executive-director/) - Paul Hartnett has served as HHRA's CFO since our founding . With the departure of Russell King, Paul has now joined the board and Executive Director. We thank Russell for his service and wish him the best in his future endeavors.
- [Heartland Study Enrolls 1,000th Mother-Infant Pair](https://hh-ra.org/2024/07/19/heartland-study-enrolls-1000th-mother-infant-pair/) - July 19, 2024 - In June of this year, the Heartland Study achieved a major milestone, enrolling its 1,000th mother-infant pair. Enrollment is now at 50% of goal. The objective of the Study is to help fill major gaps in our understanding of the impacts of herbicides on maternal and infant health. Currently in Phase
- [HHRA's 2023 Annual Report](https://hh-ra.org/2024/05/23/hhra-2023-annual-report/) - Last year was a year of progress for the HHRA and the Heartland Study. Read about it here!
- [Consumer Reports Releases Comprehensive, Science-Based Report  Highlighting Pesticide Risks in Fruits and Vegetables](https://hh-ra.org/2024/04/19/consumer-reports-releases-comprehensive-science-based-report-highlighting-pesticide-risks-in-fruits-and-vegetables/) - By Thomas Green, PhD, chair, HHRA Board of Directors Consumer Reports (CR) published a cover story today on pesticides on fruits and vegetables in the US food supply. CR concluded that “20% of the 59 fruit and vegetables tested posed a high risk from pesticides.” Blueberries, green beans, watermelons, bell peppers, potatoes, kale, and mustard
- [Supporting HHRA and the Heartland Study Through Donor-Advised Funds](https://hh-ra.org/2024/04/17/supporting-hhra-and-the-heartland-study-through-donor-advised-funds/) - An increasingly popular way to manage charitable giving is by donating cash, securities, or other assets into a donor-advised fund (DAF), from which you will receive an immediate tax deduction. From this, donors can recommend grants to IRS-qualified nonprofit organizations. DAFs are one of the easiest and most tax-advantageous ways to “grow” resources earmarked for
- [Reading Science: A Guide for We Who Are Not Scientists](https://hh-ra.org/2024/02/29/reading-science-a-guide-for-we-who-are-not-scientists/) - By Russell K. King, HHRA Executive Director Less than a week ago, the academic publisher Sage Journals retracted studies that questioned the long-established safety record of mifepristone. In December. Nature ran a piece noting that, in 2023, more than 10,000 scientific papers--a record number--were retracted. Not understanding the data, the anti-science voices decry the retractions
- [HHRA Earns 2024 Highest Recognition for Transparency](https://hh-ra.org/2024/01/19/hhra-earns-2024-highest-recognition-for-transparency/) - By Russell K. King, HHRA Executive Director I’m pleased to announce that the HHRA has once again earned the Candid Platinum Seal of Transparency (our first was in 2023)-–an achievement earned by fewer than one percent of US-based nonprofits. The Candid Platinum Seal is the highest level of recognition offered by Candid (formerly known as
- [HHRA-funded Dicamba study published in "agrochemicals"](https://hh-ra.org/2024/02/16/hhra-funded-dicamba-study-published-in-agrochemicals/) - Dicamba and 2,4-D in the Urine of Pregnant Women in the Midwest: Comparison of Two Cohorts (2010–2012 vs. 2020–2022) Abstract Currently, there are no known human biomonitoring studies that concurrently examine biomarkers of dicamba and 2,4-D. We sought to compare biomarkers of exposure to herbicides in pregnant women residing in the US Midwest before and
- [Securing the Future of Science: Planned Giving for HHRA](https://hh-ra.org/2024/02/01/securing-the-future-of-science-planned-giving-for-hhra/) - Planned giving is the process of donating planned gifts, also known as legacy gifts, which are contributions that are arranged in the present and allocated at a future date. Commonly donated through a will or trust, planned gifts are usually granted when a donor passes away. If you'd like to plan a gift for to
- [Crop-killing Weeds Advance Across US as Herbicides Lose Effectiveness](https://hh-ra.org/2024/02/01/crop-killing-weeds-advance-across-us-as-herbicides-lose-effectiveness/) - Farmers say they are losing their battle with weeds at a time when growers are grappling with inflation and extreme weather linked to climate change. Crop-killing weeds such as kochia are advancing across the U.S. northern plains and Midwest, in the latest sign that weeds are developing resistance to chemicals faster than companies including Bayer and
- [The Importance of Integrity](https://hh-ra.org/2024/01/05/the-importance-of-integrity/) - By Russell K. King, HHRA Executive Director Living, as we do, during an era overwhelmed by misinformation, disinformation, mistrust, grifters, posers, and pretenders, integrity is an increasingly rare and valuable quality. For a nonprofit organization like the HHRA, integrity is essential. By funding the Heartland Study, we are seeking the answer to a controversial question:
- [HHRA's Accomplishments in 2022](https://hh-ra.org/2023/01/04/hhras-accomplishments-in-2022/) - As 2022 comes to a close, HHRA is happy to report progress on all fronts. We share some highlights from 2022 and describe what we hope to accomplish in 2023-2025. A NEW MISSION AND VISION As a part of our strategic planning efforts, HHRA developed new mission and vision statements. HHRA strives to fulfill its

## Pages

- [Homepage](https://hh-ra.org/) - Studying how food and farming impacts the health of people and the planet From HHRA RECENT PAPERS Heartland Health Research Alliance and Swette Center Comments Submitted to the FDA Docket FDA-2025-N-1793 Eaters Deserve More Complete Information About Nutrition and Health Impacts on Food Labels Heartland Study Methods Paper Published in Chemosphere Genotoxicity Assays Published
- [The Heartland Study Team & Research Sites](https://hh-ra.org/projects/hs-team-and-research-sites/) - The Heartland Study Team & Research Sites MEET THE TEAM Co-Principal Investigators Joanne Daggy Associate Research Professor Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of Medicine and The Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Dr. David Haas Robert A. Munsick Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Vice Chair for Research in
- [The Heartland Study Purpose](https://hh-ra.org/projects/new-heartland-draft/) - The Heartland Study Is rising herbicide exposure leading to reproductive problems, adverse birth outcomes or developmental delays in America’s Heartland? The Heartland Study is a birth cohort study that has been carefully designed to answer hard questions about whether moms and babies are paying the price for rising herbicide exposure. WHY IS THE HEARTLAND STUDY
- [New Homepage Draft](https://hh-ra.org/new-homepage-draft/) - Studying how food and farming impacts the health of people and the planet Support Our Mission Our flagship project The Heartland Study An observational medical research project taking place at hospitals in the 13-state Heartland region. The Heartland Study is designed to answer critical questions about the potential impacts of herbicides on mother and infant
- [Our Team](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/) - Staff and Partners Paul Harnett Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer Charles Benbrook Strategic Advisor Moira Mackesey-Green Communications and Project Coordinator our cutting edge science has been conceived and managed by scientists, physicians and clinicians. These are the people on the front lines, worried by what they see day-to-day. They are supported by a team
- [Public Policy Advisory Committee](https://hh-ra.org/public-policy-advisory-committee/) - PUBLIC POLICY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Members Mark Lipson Nichelle Harriott Kathleen A. Merrigan Audrey Tran Lam Dr. Asa Bradman
- [A PROJECT 2029 AGENDA & THE FEVER ACT](https://hh-ra.org/project-2029-and-fever-act/) - A PROJECT 2029 AGENDA & THE FEVER ACT WHAT WE DO Our Public Policy program strives to inform decisions and guide initiatives within the policy arena. We do so by integrating our data and published science in policy-relevant comments, papers, reports, and presentations. A Project 2029 Agenda to Infuse Health Outcomes in Federal Food and
- [Policy Drives Possibility](https://hh-ra.org/policy-drives-possibility/) - POLICY DRIVES POSSIBILITY Science is needed to shine a bright light on better paths forward. Policy change creates the guardrails needed to keep progress moving in the right direction. Most of today’s public health problems facing farmers, food industry workers, and rural communities stem from how economics, technology, and policy have driven change on farms
- [Food and Nutrition Policy Reform](https://hh-ra.org/food-and-nutrition-policy-reform/) - FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICY REFORM Ensuring the health of families is the force driving HHRA’s work. It will take time for our flagship medical research project, The Heartland Study, to sort out if herbicide exposure is a factor contributing to the adverse birth outcomes and problem pregnancies. As we do our work, we encourage you
- [Agriculture and Pesticide Policy Reform](https://hh-ra.org/agriculture-and-pesticide-policy-reform/) - AGRICULTURE AND PESTICIDE POLICY REFORM Preemption and Immunity from Litigation Blogs, Briefs & Public Comments Modernizing FIFRA and Resolving Statutory Ambiguity Further Information Exciting progress is being made in the sciences supporting pest management and pesticide risk assessment. But some new technologies and insights are often proving difficult to integrate into the regulatory processes currently
- [Strategic Purpose](https://hh-ra.org/strategic-purpose/) - STRATEGIC PURPOSE WHAT WE DO Our Public Policy program strives to inform decisions and guide initiatives within the policy arena. We do so by integrating our data and published science in policy-relevant comments, papers, reports, and presentations. AREAS OF FOCUS HHRA’s policy work addresses AGRICULTURE & PESTICIDES, and NUTRITION & FOOD-centric issues that arise in
- [Policy and Regulatory Reform](https://hh-ra.org/policy-and-regulatory-reform/) - Jump To: Strategic Purpose Pesticide Regulatory Issues and Policy Reform Preemption and Immunity from Litigation HHRA on Preemption Comments Submitted by the HHRA Policy Team Public Policy Advisory Committee Perspective: Policy Drives Possibility Strategic Purpose Our Public Policy program strives to inform decisions and guide initiatives within the policy arena. We do so by integrating
- [Our Board and Advisors](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/) - Board of Directors Dr. Thomas Green, PhD Chair Paul Hartnett Executive Director and Treasurer Dr. David Haas. MD Ex-Officio Audrey Tran Lam, MPH Secretary Dr. Asa Bradman Board Member Mark Santillan MD, PhD, FACOG, FAHA Ex-Officio Dr. Kimberly Yolton, PhD Board Member Dr. Phil Landrigan, MD, MSc Ex-Officio Public Policy Advisory Committee Mark Lipson Kathleen
- [Mark Santillan MD, PhD, FACOG, FAHA](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/mark-santillan/) - Mark Santillan MD, PhD, FACOG, FAHA Board of Directors Ex Officio Areas of Expertise OB/Gyn Molecular Medicine Maternal Fetal Medicine Biography Mark Santillan is a Professor in the Department of OB/Gyn and Molecular Medicine at the University of Iowa. As a Maternal Fetal Medicine specialist his clinical and research interests are in hypertensive disorders in
- [Dr. Phil Landrigan](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/phil-landrigan/) - Phil Landrigan Board of Directors Ex Officio Areas of Expertise Epidemiology Pesticide Exposure & Toxicology Global Public Health Children’s Environmental Health Occupational Health Links Publications Heartland Stories Radio episode Biography A pediatrician and world-leading public health advocate, Dr. Phil Landrigan serves as the Chair of the SAB and is a member of the Heartland Study
- [Indiana University Medical Center](https://hh-ra.org/projects/iu-meet-the-team/) - Meet the Team Principal Investigator : David Haas, MD Indiana University’s Dr. David Haas is dedicated to helping Hoosier moms — and moms everywhere — enjoy healthy pregnancies and deliver healthy babies. Currently serving on the Heartland Study Management Team, Dr. Haas is leading the ongoing Hoosier Moms Cohort (HMC) study. This state-funded “Grand Challenge”
- [Dr. Tom Green, Chair](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/tom-green-chair/) - Dr. Tom Green, Chair Board of Directors Areas of Expertise Integrated Pest Management in agriculture and communities Organizational development and financial management Project management Links Ipminstitute.org Ipmworks.com Biography Dr. Thomas A. Green worked on tree fruit farms in Virginia and Florida early in his career, ultimately managing an apple orchard and becoming captivated by the
- [Heartland Stories Radio Archive](https://hh-ra.org/projects/heartland-stories-radio/) - From 2020 through 2023, HHRA shared its science via Heartland Stories Radio, a weekly 29-minute podcast and radio show hosted by producer and good food pioneer Theresa Marquez. With rotating guests, each show shares important information about what we can all do to ensure a healthy, just food system for the 21st century. “I have
- [Dr. Asa Bradman](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/dr-asa-bradman/) - Dr. Asa Bradman Public Policy Advisory Committee Areas of Expertise Public Health Environmental Health and Research Epidemiology Biography Asa Bradman is an expert in exposure assessment and epidemiology focusing on occupational and environmental exposures to pregnant women, children, and farmworkers living in agricultural communities. Dr. Bradman is currently a professor of Public Health and Department Chair
- [Dr. Asa Bradman](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/dr-asa-bradman-2/) - Dr. Asa Bradman Board of Directors Areas of Expertise Public Health Environmental Health and Research Epidemiology Biography Asa Bradman is an expert in exposure assessment and epidemiology focusing on occupational and environmental exposures to pregnant women, children, and farmworkers living in agricultural communities. Dr. Bradman is currently a professor of Public Health and Department Chair at
- [Our Science](https://hh-ra.org/our-science/) - Our Science Our Flagship Project Clinical research on herbicide exposure, birth outcomes, and child development in the Heartland. Measuring Pesticide Use Analyzing trends in pesticide use and projections for the future. HHRA-Ramazzini Partnership Glyphosate toxicity research ongoing in Italy. Publications and Presentations HHRA team peer-reviewed papers and presentations.
- [FEVER Act Draft](https://hh-ra.org/fever-act-draft/) - FEVER Act V2 FEVER Act V1
- [New Ways to Fund Science](https://hh-ra.org/solutions/funding-science/) - The HHRA is developing a novel, new model for funding and managing cutting-edge public-health science. Public funding for long-term research on the effects of agrichemicals and farm production systems and technology has not kept up with need. Across federal and state agencies, funding dedicated to public health science, agrichemical effects on pregnant women, fathers-to-be, and
- [Mission and Objectives](https://hh-ra.org/mission-and-objectives/) - Mission and Objectives The Heartland Health Research Alliance was founded with a clear vision and mission in mind: We envision a new future: one rooted in flourishing farms where agriculture is managed, first and foremost, to cultivate health. Our mission is to promote health and preserve and protect the natural environment for the benefit of
- [HHRA Publications and Presentations](https://hh-ra.org/hhra-publications-and-presentations/) - Access HHRA and Heartland Study papers and presentations here. See our Blog for news and commentary, and our extensive project bibliography for a more complete list of relevant papers. Heartland Study Publications Daggy JK, Haas DM, Yu Y, et al. Dicamba and 2,4-D in the urine of pregnant women in the Midwest: Comparison of two
- [Pesticide Use Data System](https://hh-ra.org/projects/measuring-pesticide-use/pesticide-use-data-system/) - Pesticide Use Data System Accurate and timely data on the frequency and intensity of pesticide applications on major crops are needed at the county, state, and national levels to help scientists, regulatory agencies, and farmers recognize when there is slippage in the efficacy of current pest management systems. It is also vital in identifying which
- [Interactive Pesticide Use Tables](https://hh-ra.org/projects/measuring-pesticide-use/interactive-pesticide-use-tables/) - Interactive Pesticide Use Tables Click here to access our interactive pesticide use tables. These tables will provide access to 18 different pesticide use measurements, or metrics, at the national, state, or the 13-state Heartland Study Midwestern regional level (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). The
- [Measuring Pesticide Use](https://hh-ra.org/projects/measuring-pesticide-use/) - Is pesticide use going up, staying about the same, or declining? This seemingly simple question requires careful thinking and a lot of data. One might choose to focus on one or more of the following pesticide use metrics: The pounds of pesticides applied in an area in a crop cycle (usually a calendar year). The
- [Help HHRA Grow](https://hh-ra.org/donate/) - Help HHRA Grow! Imagine you are raising a family in the Midwestern town pictured here. You’ve heard that pesticides can sometimes cause reproductive health problems and impair a child’s development. So you wonder, what needs to be done to protect your children, both born and unborn, from the pesticides applied on nearby fields. HHRA’s ongoing Heartland
- [Dr. Kimberly Yolton](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/dr-kimberly-yolton/) - Dr. Kimberly Yolton Board of Directors Areas of Expertise Developmental Psychology Environmental exposures Longitudinal cohort research LINKS Audrey on Episode 26 of Heartland Stories Radio Interview on Ethical Consumer Podcast Biography Dr. Kim Yolton is a Professor of Pediatrics and Environmental and Public Health Sciences at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of
- [Newsletter Archive](https://hh-ra.org/newsletter-archive/) - Newsletter Archive Spring 2024 New Year 2024 Fall 2023 Spring 2023 Winter 2023 New Year 2023 Fall 2022 Summer 2022 Spring 2022 Winter 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021
- [Supporting Science Through Your Donor-Advised Fund](https://hh-ra.org/donate/supporting-science-through-your-donor-advised-fund/) - Here are three steps to making a donation to HHRA through your donor-advised fund (DAF). Recommend a grant to the Heartland Health Research Alliance to support our mission of protecting the health of mothers, babies, and future generations. Log onto your DAF sponsor account. There are more than 1,000 sponsors across the country. We’ve included
- [Gift Acceptance Policy](https://hh-ra.org/gift-acceptance-policy/) - Gift Acceptance Policy The work of the Heartland Health Research Alliance (HHRA) is supported by tax-deductible donations. Subject to the provisions of this Gift Acceptance Policy, HHRA accepts gifts and grants from charitable foundations, private individuals, and companies. In addition, HHRA competes for and accepts funding from government agencies. Audited financials. IRS determination letter. HHRA
- [The Heartland Study](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-heartland-study/) - The Heartland Study will pioneer new, critically-needed methods to identify the impacts of prenatal and early life herbicide exposures. It is the first-ever study to track heritable, epigenetic changes resulting from herbicide exposure in a human population. HHRA’s flagship project, The Heartland Study, is an observational medical research project taking place at hospitals in the
- [Sign Up For Our Newsletter](https://hh-ra.org/newsletter/)
- [Audrey Tran Lam](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/audrey-tran-lam-3/) - Audrey Tran Lam, Committee Member and Board Liaison Public Policy Advisory Committee Areas of Expertise Community outreach Pesticides and public health Regenerative agriculture LINKS Audrey on Episode 26 of Heartland Stories Radio Interview on Ethical Consumer Podcast Biography Audrey manages the University of Northern Iowa’s Center for Energy & Environmental Education’s environmental health initiatives, working
- [Nichelle Harriott](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/nichelle-harriott-2/) - Nichelle Harriott Public Policy Advisory Committee Areas of Expertise Environmental Science Public Policy Pesticide Regulation Biography Nichelle Harriott (she/her) is the National Policy Director for the HEAL Food Alliance. Nichelle earned her B.S. in Chemistry and Environmental Science at Morgan State University and her M.S. in Environmental Science and Public Policy at George Mason University.
- [Kathleen A. Merrigan](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/kathleen-a-merrigan-2/) - Kathleen A. Merrigan, Chair Public Policy Advisory Committee Areas of Expertise food systems agriculture water resource management technology policy urban planning poverty Gender Equality food security food policy ecosystem services Climate Action biotechnology Biography Kathleen A. Merrigan is an expert in food and agriculture, celebrated by Time Magazine as one of the 100 Most Influential
- [Mark Lipson](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/mark-lipson/) - Mark Lipson, Staff to Committee Public Policy Advisory Committee Areas of Expertise Organic movement pioneer National policy expert Food and ag Policy Organic crop insurance and conservation programs Food safety legislation Biography Mark Lipson is an original organic movement organizer and leader since the early 1980s. Trained at the UC Santa Cruz Farm and Garden
- [Pest Management Systems](https://hh-ra.org/solutions/pest-management-systems/) - No matter where in the world, when a farmer plants a seed, pests are sure to follow. Weeds compete with plants for often-limited water and soil nutrients. Sometimes weeds grow so fast and tall that they first choke the farmer’s crop, and a few weeks later, some can grow above it, shading the sunlight from
- [Protecting Your Family's Health](https://hh-ra.org/protecting-your-familys-health/) - Ensuring the health of families is the force driving HHRA’s work. It will take time for our flagship medical research project, The Heartland Study, to sort out if herbicide exposure is a factor contributing to the adverse birth outcomes and problem pregnancies. As we do our work, we encourage you to take common sense steps
- [Epigenetic Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/epigenetic-impacts/) - Epigenetic Impacts Until just a few years ago, scientists thought that the primary way species evolve is through heritable changes in their DNA, otherwise known as genetic mutations. But only a very few of many million mutations confer a meaningful advantage to an organism. Those that do tend to spread through the population from generation
- [Microbiome](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/microbiome/) - The Microbiome and Gut-Brain Connection The human microbiome is made up of billions of bacteria, viruses, archaebacteria, and fungi that live within our intestinal tract and elsewhere in and on our bodies. These internal residents help us in many ways, some of which scientists are just discovering. HHRA scientists are concerned about the widespread use
- [Cancer Risks](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/cancer-risks/) - Cancer Risks HHRA is concerned that rising exposures to pesticides and other chemicals used in food production and processing may be increasing cancer risk. Cancer afflicts nearly one in three Americans and nearly all families. Cancer is an incredibly complex, diverse disease that can attack almost all parts of the human body in dozens of
- [Autism, ADHD and Other Developmental Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/autism-adhd-and-developmental-impacts/) - Autism, ADHD and Other Developmental Impacts The pathway from fertilized egg to the day of birth, and life passages through infancy, childhood and adulthood, can be disrupted, delayed, or driven off course in a variety of ways, with widely varying consequences. Birth defects are one, often unmistakable example of adverse developmental effects, but many others
- [Reproductive Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/reproductive-impacts/) - Reproductive Impacts Many doctors — and families — worry that it seems to be getting harder for women to get pregnant and carry a healthy child to term. And more and more children are plagued by combinations of ailments including food allergies, asthma, overweight and diabetes, ADHD, and autism. Parents, doctors, teachers wonder “What is
- [Pesticide Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/pesticide-exposure/) - Pesticide Exposure Pesticides are used extensively all around the country and often become airborne or run-off into streams or rivers, aiding in their spread beyond farm fields. In one study, USGS scientists found measurable residues of glyphosate, the #1 herbicide, in 60-80% of air and rain samples examined — demonstrating that routes of exposure extend
- [Public Health](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/public-health/) - The goal of public health research is to identify — and then prevent — things that can undermine the health of people and communities. When it comes to American agriculture, doctors and scientists are concerned about the public health costs of widespread pesticide use, especially for pregnant women and children. Even at low doses, pesticides
- [Dicamba and 2,4-D Herbicides: Use, Challenges, and Risk](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/dicamba-and-24-d-a-closer-look-at-challenges-and-risks/) - Dicamba and 2,4-D A Closer Look at Challenges and Risks By 2000 most soybean and cotton farmers had adopted the Roundup Ready (RR) weed management system. Soon thereafter, so did corn, alfalfa, and sugar beet growers. The RR system was simple, robust, and effective. Roundup Ready crops are genetically engineered to be tolerant of post-emergence
- [Next-Gen Pesticides](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/next-gen-pesticides/) - Next-Gen Pesticides Over and over, farmers have relied too heavily on the next new, effective pesticide to come on the market, setting the stage for resistance to incrementally erode its efficacy. This is why the search for next-generation pesticides has been ongoing since the 1960s when pesticides first became the dominant tool for managing most
- [Pest Resistance](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/pest-resistance/) - Pest Resistance Pests are by nature adaptable. When a pesticide is used repeatedly, targeted pests can develop resistance over time. Resistance triggers the need for higher doses and/or multiple applications of pesticides to effectively control now, less-susceptible pest phenotypes. In the case of weed resistance, many corn, soybean, and cotton farmers have sprayed herbicides so
- [Pesticides](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/) - What are pesticides? A “pesticide” is a substance that kills, repels or otherwise controls pests. Herbicides that control weeds and other unwanted vegetation are considered pesticides, as are insecticides that kill a variety of insects, and compounds used to control mice and rats. Fungicides that prevent the growth of plant viruses, molds and mildew, and
- [Herbicide Levels in Urine](https://hh-ra.org/projects/pesticides-in-people/herbicide-levels-urine/) - Herbicide Levels in Urine Why HHRA is Quantifying Herbicide Levels in Pregnant Women The Heartland Study is exploring whether exposure to herbicides among pregnant women in the Midwest is associated with more frequent or more severe adverse birth outcomes or impairing children’s development. This prospective epidemiological study will collect data on the levels of herbicides
- [Pesticides in People: Measuring Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/projects/pesticides-in-people/) - For decades epidemiologists assessing the impacts of pesticides on public health outcomes, pregnancy, and children’s neurodevelopment have struggled to construct accurate measures of exposure from publicly available pesticide use data. HHRA believes it is time to move beyond indirect measures of exposure by measuring the levels of pesticides in human biofluids and tissues, and especially
- [Special Requests](https://hh-ra.org/special-requests/) - Data Availability and Special Requests For decades now the lack of publicly accessible data on pesticide use, exposures, and risks has held back progress in identifying which pesticides, used on what crops, are driving adverse impacts on workers, public health, and/or the environment. This is why it often takes 20 or more years for the
- [The Dietary Risk Index (DRI)](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-dietary-risk-index-dri/) - Pesticides applied on crop fields often end up as residues on or in fruits, vegetables, grains, and in prepared foods and beverages. A primary goal of pesticide risk-assessment science is to accurately quantify the levels of human-health risks arising from pesticide residues in food. Access the DRI Here The Dietary Risk Index (DRI) system was
- [Interpreting DRI Values](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-dietary-risk-index-dri/interpreting-your-dri-values/) - Interpreting DRI Values Contents Risk Metrics How Risky is that Residue? How EPA Thinks About Pesticide Dietary Risk: The “Risk Cup” The Dietary Risk Continuum Levels of Aggregation Limits of the DRI Access the DRI Here Risk Metrics The basic measure of food-pesticide risk in the DRI system is expressed relative to the maximum amount
- [How to Use the DRI](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-dietary-risk-index-dri/how-to-use-the-dri/) - How to Use the DRI Access the DRI Here Before accessing the DRI system’s interactive tables, we encourage new users to visit About the DRI and study the system schematic. As you begin accessing result tables, Interpreting DRI Values will help you understand DRI system Risk Metrics, how to determine How Risky is that
- [Access the DRI Lookup Tools](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-dietary-risk-index-dri/dri-lookup-tools/) - Access the DRI Lookup Tools HHRA’s Dietary Risk Index (DRI) is an analytical system that quantifies relative risk from pesticide residues in foods. Additional information on the DRI is available on the following pages: About the DRI How to Use the DRI Interpreting DRI Values Option 1 To jump into the data, you must first
- [Solutions](https://hh-ra.org/solutions/) - Solutions Protecting Your Families Health You can protect yourself and your loved ones from pesticide exposure! Here’s how. Weed Management Pesticides are just one tool to control pests, there are many others available as well and using many little hammers instead of one big one can work just as well. Science Innovations HHRA is pioneering
- [Methodology and Technical Details](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-dietary-risk-index-dri/methodology-and-technical-details/) - Methodology and Technical Details Please see “The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks” (Benbrook and Davis, 2020) for a detailed description of the methodology and data sources for the DRI. A second paper, “Tracking pesticide residues and risk levels in individual samples—insights and applications,” describes the methodology for the individual
- [Our Work](https://hh-ra.org/our-work/) - Our Work Click here to view an interactive map of our projects and partners, or here to jump ahead to the Our Science section for more on our research efforts. Interactive HHRA Projects and Partners Map View larger map Our Science Our Flagship Project Clinical research on herbicide exposure, birth outcomes, and child development in
- [Challenges](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/)
- [Our Vision and Mission](https://hh-ra.org/mission-and-objectives-2/) - Vision and Mission The Heartland Health Research Alliance was founded with a clear vision and mission in mind: We envision a new future: one rooted in flourishing farms where agriculture is managed, first and foremost, to cultivate health. Our mission is to inform the decisions that shape agriculture by advancing research on the health effects
- [Our Projects](https://hh-ra.org/projects/)
- [HHRA's Communications, Outreach and Education Program](https://hh-ra.org/our-science/hhras-communications-outreach-and-education-program/) - Our COE team is working to augment the work of our doctors and scientists. In order to do this, we must build a robust online presence, forge novel partnerships and media channels, and grow our graphic and video library. Our COE efforts are crucial to help inspire critical policy reform, educate consumers and families, and
- [HHRA News and Blog](https://hh-ra.org/hhra-news-and-blog/) - HHRA News and Blog
- [Dicamba and 2,4-D: History and Use](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/dicamba-and-24-d-a-closer-look-at-challenges-and-risks/dicamba-and-24-d-history-and-use/) - Dicamba and 2,4-D: History and Use Here you can find information on the use of dicamba and 2,4-D at the national level and in the 13-state Heartland Study region. Click here to go to the main dicamba and 2,4-D page for more links and information. The first two figures shows the trends from 1991 through
- [Heartland Stories Radio Signup Form](https://hh-ra.org/projects/heartland-stories-radio/heartland-stories-radio-signup-form/) - Heartland Stories Radio Contact List Signup Form
- [Policies](https://hh-ra.org/policies/) - Policies and Documents Bylaws Board of Directors Board Governance Manual Gift Acceptance Policy
- [Analytical Methods](https://hh-ra.org/projects/pesticides-in-people/analytical-methods/) - Analytical Methods Biomonitoring is only useful when the data produced is reliable. It is only possible when it is affordable on the scale needed for population-wide surveys and studies like The Heartland Study. A critical goal for the HHRA is investing in improvements of state-of-the-art analytical chemistry. We need methods able to detect low-levels of
- [nuMoM2b Nested Case-Control Study](https://hh-ra.org/projects/pesticides-in-people/numom2b-nested-case-control-study/) - nuMoM2b Nested Case-Control Study One of the ways HHRA is evaluating connections between herbicide exposure, pregnancy complications, and children’s development is through our nuMoM2b Nested Case-Control Study. A nested case-control study is a type of epidemiological study comparing “cases” to “controls” that is “nested” within a larger study. The National Institutes of Health-funded nuMoM2b Study
- [Project Bibliography](https://hh-ra.org/project-bibliography/)
- [Acronyms and Glossary](https://hh-ra.org/acronyms-and-glossary/) - Acronyms and Glossary Click here to download this Acronyms and Glossary file as a pdf. Acronyms Glossary Acronyms ADI – Acceptable Daily Intake, a measure of the maximum amount of a pesticide a person can be exposed to without exceeding a regulatory agency’s “level of concern.” ADI’s are expressed in milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of
- [DRI Individual Samples](https://hh-ra.org/dri-individual-samples/) - DRI DDVs Individual Samples Paper 2022
- [Science Spotlight 1](https://hh-ra.org/science-spotlight-1/)
- [The Heartland Study Residential Lookup Map](https://hh-ra.org/projects/the-heartland-study/the-heartland-study-residential-lookup-map/) - Heartland Study Rural Lookup Tool
- [Mark Lipson, Director of Policy and Regulatory Engagement](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/mark-lipson-director-of-policy-and-regulatory-engagement/) - Mark Lipson Director of Policy and Regulatory Engagement Areas of Expertise Organic movement pioneer National policy expert Food and ag Policy Organic crop insurance and conservation programs Food safety legislation Biography Mark Lipson is an original organic movement organizer and leader since the early 1980s. Trained at the UC Santa Cruz Farm and Garden &
- [Dr. David Haas](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/dr-david-haas/) - Dr. David Haas Board of Directors Ex Officio Areas of Expertise OB/GYN research, research design and methodology Cochrane systematic reviews Medications in pregnancy Biobanks Improving obstetric outcomes Links Bibliography Faculty Profile Biography University of Indiana’s Dr. David Haas is dedicated to helping Hoosier moms — and moms everywhere — enjoy healthy pregnancies and deliver healthy
- [Simple Donation Form](https://hh-ra.org/simple-donation-form/) - Donate to HHRA Generating new science and insights to promote public health is our mission and passion. HHRA is a 501(C)3 non-profit organization and all donations are tax deductible. Thank you for any help you can provide! There are three ways you can help us grow: Provide general support for the projects and initiatives of the HHRA.
- [Sinking Deeper Roots Virtual Fundraiser: Registration Page](https://hh-ra.org/sinking-deeper-roots-virtual-fundraiser-registration-page/) - Sinking Deeper Roots A Virtual Fundraiser Thursday September 23, 2021 6 to 7 PM CST
- [Sinking Deeper Roots: HHRA's Virtual Fall Fundraiser](https://hh-ra.org/fall-fundraiser-2021/) - The Heartland Health Research Alliance Presents Sinking Deeper Roots A Virtual Fundraiser Thursday September 23, 2021 6 to 7 PM CST Something is undermining health at home, in the soil, and on the farm. We spend more on healthcare per capita than any other nation. Life expectancy is shrinking. A costly host of chronic diseases
- [Audrey Tran Lam](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/audrey-tran-lam/) - Audrey Tran Lam Board of Directors Areas of Expertise Community outreach Pesticides and public health Regenerative agriculture LINKS Audrey on Episode 26 of Heartland Stories Radio Interview on Ethical Consumer Podcast Biography Audrey manages the University of Northern Iowa’s Center for Energy & Environmental Education’s environmental health initiatives, working where human health and environmental sustainability
- [Audrey Tran Lam, Secretary](https://hh-ra.org/our-board-and-advisors/audrey-tran-lam-2/) - Audrey Tran Lam Board of Directors Areas of Expertise Community outreach Pesticides and public health Regenerative agriculture LINKS Audrey on Episode 26 of Heartland Stories Radio Interview on Ethical Consumer Podcast Biography Audrey manages the University of Northern Iowa’s Center for Energy & Environmental Education’s environmental health initiatives, working where human health and environmental sustainability
- [The Herbicide Treadmill](https://hh-ra.org/challenges/pesticides/pest-resistance/the-herbicide-treadmill/)
- [Rae Portfolio](https://hh-ra.org/rae-portfolio/)
- [Welcome to HHRA](https://hh-ra.org/welcome-to-hhra/) - The Heartland Study is the flagship project the Heartland Health Research Alliance. Welcome to our new website! Click here to jump to The Heartland Study page.
- [Karie Knoke, Pesticide Database and Information Management](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/karie-knoke-pesticide-database-and-information-management/) - Karie Knoke Pesticide Database and Information Management Areas of Expertise Systems analysis Database development Business administration IT and management science Biography Karie has been a Systems Analyst and Database Developer Consultant since 1992. She earned a B.S. degree in Computer Science and a B.S. degree in Business Administration with a specialty in Management Science from
- [Rachel Benbrook, Operations Manager](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/rachel-benbrook-operations-manager/) - Rachel Benbrook Operations Manager Areas of Expertise Restoration ecology and conservation Environmental stewardship Experimental design and data analysis Science communications Nonprofit management Biography Raised on a hippie working farm with deep Midwest roots, Rachel’s passion for environmental stewardship has steered her lifestyle and her life’s work. Logging thousands of hours walking trails and traversing bays,
- [Theresa Marquez, Heartland Stories Radio Producer and Host](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/theresa-marquez-heartland-stories-radio-producer-and-host/) - Theresa Marquez Heartland Stories Radio Producer and Host Areas of Expertise Natural foods Marketing and communications Public engagement Storytelling Biography A pioneer of the natural foods movement, Theresa Marquez has dedicated her 40-year career to “protecting family farmers and facing our health crisis through a culture of healthy food.” Founding president of The Organic Center,
- [Research Objectives](https://hh-ra.org/research-objectives/) - PESTICIDES Establish baseline levels of herbicides in urine circa 1990 across the Midwest, and analyze trends in herbicide exposures by generating new biomonitoring data to compile with existing datasets. Design and implement target clinical trials. Develop and make widely available detailed indicators of change in herbicide use by crop at the national, Midwestern, and individual
- [Paul Hartnett, Chief Financial Officer](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/paul-harnett-chief-financial-officer/) - Paul Hartnett Chief Financial Officer Areas of Expertise Financial reporting and compliance Health care and nonprofit organizational expertise Strategic planning and board governance Business development Biography Paul Hartnett brings years of senior financial management experience to HHRA. Based in the greater Milwaukee area, Paul’s tenure includes roles as the Managing Director of global fixed asset
- [Jenny Tuohy, Counsel](https://hh-ra.org/our-team/jenny-tuoy-counsel/) - Jenny Tuohy Counsel Areas of Expertise Charitable sector governance Regulatory compliance and business advisory Public health issues Biography An attorney at Stoel Rives, Jenny Baer Tuohy specializes in working with nonprofit organizations regarding the federal and state rules that govern the charitable sector, and regularly advises public charities, private foundations, trade associations and business corporations

## Bibliography

- [Chang et al., 2023](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chang-et-al-2023/) - Chang, V. C., Andreotti, G., Ospina, M., Parks, C. G., Liu, D., Shearer, J. J., Rothman, N., Silverman, D. T., Sandler, D. P., Calafat, A. M., Beane Freeman, L. E., & Hofmann, J. N. (2023). "Glyphosate exposure and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers in the Agricultural Health Study." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 115(4),
- [Benbrook et al., 2023](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-et-al-2023/) - Benbrook C, Mesnage R, Sawyer W. "Genotoxicity Assays Published since 2016 Shed New Light on the Oncogenic Potential of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides." Agrochemicals. 2023; 2(1):47-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals2010005 ABSTRACT: Controversy over the oncogenicity of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) persists seven years after a 2015 IARC Monograph classified glyphosate/GBHs as “probably carcinogenic” to humans. Most regulatory authorities have concluded that
- [EPA, 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2000-2/) - EPA, "Choosing a Percentile of Acute Dietary Exposure as a Threshold of Regulatory Concern," Office of Pesticide Programs, 2000, Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-07/documents/trac2b054_0.pdf.
- [Kutz et al., 1992](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kutz-et-al-1992/) - Kutz, F. W., Cook, B. T., Carter-Pokras, O. D., Brody, D., & Murphy, R. S.; "Selected pesticide residues and metabolites in urine from a survey of the U.S. general population;" Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1992, 37(2), 277-291; DOI: 10.1080/15287399209531670. ABSTRACT: Residues of toxic chemicals in human tissues and fluids can be important indicators
- [EPA, 2015b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2015b/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Potential of Glyphosate Case No. 1071-83-6 ." Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, October 1, 2015. ABSTRACT: On September 16, 2015, the Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC) of the Health Effects Division, of the Office of Pesticide Programs evaluated the carcinogenic potential of Glyphosate in accordance with
- [Benbrook, 2022a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2022a/) - Benbrook, Charles; "Tracking pesticide residues and risk levels in individual samples—insights and applications;" Environmental Sciences Europe, 2022, 34(1); DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00636-w. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A method is now available to quantify the number of pesticide residues and relative pesticide dietary risks in individual servings of food. The Dietary Risk Index (DRI) system combines the results of United
- [Bienvenu et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bienvenu-et-al-2021/) - Bienvenu, J. F., Belanger, P., Gaudreau, E., Provencher, G., & Fleury, N.; "Determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and their major metabolites in urine by the UPLC-MS/MS method applicable to biomonitoring and epidemiological studies;" Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2021; DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03194-x. ABSTRACT: The preoccupation concerning glyphosate (GLYP) has rapidly grown over recent years, and the availability of
- [Freisthler et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/freisthler-et-al-2022/) - Freisthler, Marlaina S., Robbins, C. Rebecca, Benbrook, Charles M., Young, Heather A., Haas, David M., Winchester, Paul D., & Perry, Melissa J.; "Association between increasing agricultural use of 2,4-D and population biomarkers of exposure: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014;" Environmental Health, 2022, 21(1); DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00815-x. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
- [Hood et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hood-et-al-2022/) - Hood, R. B., Liang, D., Chiu, Y. H., Sandoval-Insausti, H., Chavarro, J. E., Jones, D., Hauser, R., & Gaskins, A. J.; "Pesticide residue intake from fruits and vegetables and alterations in the serum metabolome of women undergoing infertility treatment;" Environment International, 2022, 160, 107061; DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107061. ABSTACT: BACKGROUND: Pesticide exposure is linked to a myriad
- [Agrochemicals, Environmental Racism, and Environmental Justice in U.S. History](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/agrochemicals-environmental-racism-and-environmental-justice-in-u-s-history/) - Porter, M. Jayson; Agrochemicals, Environmental Racism, and Environmental Justice in U.S. History. Northwestern University, The Organic Center (2022). INTRODUCTION: In theory, pesticides should have the toxicity to deter pests without harming plants or people. However, a closer look at pesticide history in the United States reveals an enduring legacy of environmental racism against communities of
- [Buckley et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/buckley-et-al-2022/) - Jessie P. Buckley, Jordan R. Kuiper, Deborah H. Bennett, Emily S. Barrett, Tracy Bastain, Carrie V. Breton, Sridhar Chinthakindi, Anne L. Dunlop, Shohreh F. Farzan, Julie B. Herbstman, Margaret R. Karagas, Carmen J. Marsit, John D. Meeker, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Thomas G. O’Connor, Megan E. Romano, Susan Schantz, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Deborah J. Watkins, Hongkai Zhu,
- [Rezende et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rezende-et-al-2021/) - Rezende, E.C.N., Carneiro, F.M., de Moraes, J.B. et al. "Trends in science on glyphosate toxicity: a scientometric study." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, 56432–56448 (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14556-4 ABSTRACT: As part of the most used herbicides, glyphosate is the most successful ingredient of agrochemical companies. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate research trends related to
- [Donley et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/donley-et-al-2022/) - Donley, N., Bullard, R.D., Economos, J. et al. "Pesticides and environmental injustice in the USA: root causes, current regulatory reinforcement and a path forward". BMC Public Health 22, 708 (2022). DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13057-4 ABSTRACT: Many environmental pollutants are known to have disproportionate effects on Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) as well as communities of low-income and wealth.
- [Nomura et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nomura-et-al-2022/) - Nomura, H., Hamada, R., Wada, K., Saito, I., Nishihara, N., Kitahara, Y., Watanabe, S., Nakane, K., Nagata, C., Kondo, T., Kamijima, M., Ueyama, J.; "Temporal trend and cross-sectional characterization of urinary concentrations of glyphosate in Japanese children from 2006 to 2015;" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2022, 242, 113963; DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113963. ABSTRACT: Background Over the
- [Munoz et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/munoz-et-al-2020/) - Munoz, J. P., Bleak, T. C., & Calaf, G. M.; "Glyphosate and the key characteristics of an endocrine disruptor: A review;" Chemosphere, 2020, 128619; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128619. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a large-spectrum herbicide that was introduced on the market in 1974. Due to its important impact on the crop industry, it has been significantly diversified and
- [Eaton et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eaton-et-al-2022/) - Eaton JL, Cathey AL, Fernandez JA, Watkins DJ, Silver MK, Milne GL, Velez-Vega C, Rosario Z, Cordero J, Alshawabkeh A, Meeker JD; "The association between urinary glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid with biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women in the PROTECT birth cohort study;" Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022, 233:113300; DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113300. ABSTRACT: Background: Glyphosate
- [Lesseur et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lesseur-et-al-2022/) - Corina Lesseur, Khyatiben V. Pathak, Patrick Pirrotte, Melissa N. Martinez, Kelly K. Ferguson, Emily S. Barrett, Ruby H.N. Nguyen, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Daniele Mandrioli, Shanna H. Swan, Jia Chen; "Urinary glyphosate concentration in pregnant women in relation to length of gestation;" Environmental Research, 2022, 203, 0013-9351; DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111811. ABSTRACT: Human exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) is increasing
- [Pelosi et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pelosi-et-al-2021/) - C. Pelosi, C. Bertrand, G. Daniele, M. Coeurdassier, P. Benoit, S. Nélieu, F. Lafay, V. Bretagnolle, S. Gaba, E. Vulliet, C. Fritsch.; "Residues of currently used pesticides in soils and earthworms: A silent threat?;" Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2021, 305; DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107167. ABSTRACT: Critical knowledge gaps about environmental fate and unintentional effects of currently used pesticides
- [Rempelos et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rempelos-et-al-2022/) - Rempelos L, Wang J, Barański M, Watson A, Volakakis N, Hoppe HW, Kühn-Velten WN, Hadall C, Hasanaliyeva G, Chatzidimitriou E, Magistrali A, Davis H, Vigar V, Średnicka-Tober D, Rushton S, Iversen PO, Seal CJ, Leifert C.; "Diet and food type affect urinary pesticide residue excretion profiles in healthy individuals: results of a randomized controlled dietary
- [Rohr, 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rohr-2021/) - Rohr, J. R.; "The Atrazine Saga and its Importance to the Future of Toxicology, Science, and Environmental and Human Health;" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021, 40(6), 1544-1558; DOI: 10.1002/etc.5037. ABSTRACT: The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used, well studied, and controversial pesticides on the planet. Much of the controversy involves the effects
- [Schulz et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schulz-et-al-2021-2/) - Schulz R, Bub S, Petschick LL, Stehle S, Wolfram J.; "Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops;" Science, 2021, 2;372(6537):81-84; DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1148. ABSTRACT: Pesticide impacts are usually discussed in the context of applied amounts while disregarding the large but environmentally relevant variations in substance-specific toxicity. Here, we systemically interpret changes
- [Schütze et al. 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schutze-et-al-2021/) - Andre Schütze, Pilar Morales-Agudelo, Meghan Vidal, Antonia M. Calafat, Maria Ospina.; "Quantification of glyphosate and other organophosphorus compounds in human urine via ion chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry;" Chemosphere, 2021, 274; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129427. ABSTRACT: Organophosphorus pesticides are the most used pesticides in the United States. Most organophosphorus pesticides are composed of a phosphate (or
- [Eunha et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eunha-et-al-2022/) - Eunha Kim, Donggi Paik, Ricardo N. Ramirez, Delaney G. Biggs, Youngjun Park, Ho-Keun Kwon, Gloria B. Choi, Jun R. Huh.; "Maternal gut bacteria drive intestinal inflammation in offspring with neurodevelopmental disorders by altering the chromatin landscape of CD4+ T cells;" Immunity, 2022, 55(1), 145-158; 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.005. SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorders often display dysregulated immune responses and
- [Lopez-Yañez Blanco et al., 2022](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lopez-yanez-blanco-et-al-2022/) - Lopez-Yañez Blanco A, Díaz-López KM, Vilchis-Gil J, Diaz-Garcia H, Gomez-Lopez J, Medina-Bravo P, Granados-Riveron JT, Gallardo JM, Klünder-Klünder M, Sánchez-Urbina R.; "Diet and Maternal Obesity Are Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress in Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients, 2022; 14(4):746; DOI:10.3390/nu14040746. ABSTRACT: Overweight and obesity have become a world-health public problem, mainly for developing countries. Both
- [Bakke et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bakke-et-al-2009/) - Bakke, B., De Roos, A. J., Barr, D. B., Stewart, P. A., Blair, A., Freeman, L. B., Lynch, C. F., Allen, R. H., Alavanja, M. C., & Vermeulen, R.; "Exposure to atrazine and selected non-persistent pesticides among corn farmers during a growing season;" Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2009, 19(6), 544-554; DOI: 10.1038/jes.2008.53.
- [Baker et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/baker-et-al-2020/) - Baker, Brian P., Green, Thomas A., & Loker, Ali J.; "Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems;" Biological Control, 2020, 140; DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104095. ABSTRACT: More resilient and sustainable approaches are urgently needed to minimize crop yield losses resulting from pest activity and reduce impacts of pest management on human health and
- [Bajwa & Sandhu, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bajwa-sandhu-2014/) - Bajwa, U., & Sandhu, K. S.; "Effect of handling and processing on pesticide residues in food- a review;" Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014, 51(2), 201-220; DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0499-5. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are one of the major inputs used for increasing agricultural productivity of crops. The pesticide residues, left to variable extent in the food materials
- [Ouidir et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ouidir-et-al-2020/) - Ouidir, M., Buck Louis, G. M., Kanner, J., Grantz, K. L., Zhang, C., Sundaram, R., Rahman, M. L., Lee, S., Kannan, K., Tekola-Ayele, F., & Mendola, P.; "Association of Maternal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Early Pregnancy With Fetal Growth;" JAMA Pediatrics, 2020, 174(2), 149-161; DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5104. IMPORTANCE: Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants
- [Ferre et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ferre-et-al-2018/) - Ferre, D. M., Quero, A. A. M., Hernandez, A. F., Hynes, V., Tornello, M. J., Luders, C., & Gorla, N. B. M., "Potential risks of dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from their use in fruit/vegetable crops and beef cattle productions," Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2018, 190(5), 292. DOI 10.1007/s10661-018-6647-x. ABSTRACT: The active ingredients (a.i.)
- [Gillezeau et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gillezeau-et-al-2019/) - Gillezeau, Christina, van Gerwen, Maaike, Shaffer, Rachel M, Rana, Iemaan, Zhang, Luoping, Sheppard, Lianne, & Taioli, Emanuela, "The evidence of human exposure to glyphosate: a review," Environmental Health, 2019, 18(1), 2. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0435-5. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Despite the growing and widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide and desiccant, very few studies have evaluated the extent
- [Hertz-Picciotto et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hertz-picciotto-et-al-2018/) - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Sass, Jennifer B., Engel, Stephanie, Bennett, Deborah H., Bradman, Asa, Eskenazi, Brenda, Lanphear, Bruce, & Whyatt, Robin, "Organophosphate exposures during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: Recommendations for essential policy reforms," PLOS Medicine, 2018, 15(10). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002671. SUMMARY POINTS: • Widespread use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides to control insects has resulted in ubiquitous human exposures. •
- [Hmielowski, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hmielowski-2019/) - Hmielowski, Tracy, "Glyphosate and Phosphate Interactions in soils," CSA News, 2019, 64(1), DOI: 10.2134/csa2019.64.0103. SUMMARY: • Phosphate and glyphosate interact “competitively” when both are present in the soil. • The application of inorganic P fertilizers after glyphosate has been applied was shown to mobilize glyphosate. • Management strategies should consider the potential for glyphosate mobilization
- [Klarich et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/klarich-et-al-2017/) - Klarich, Kathryn L., Pflug, Nicholas C., DeWald, Eden M., Hladik, Michelle L., Kolpin, Dana W., Cwiertny, David M., & LeFevre, Gregory H., "Occurrence of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Finished Drinking Water and Fate during Drinking Water Treatment," Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2017, 4(5), 168-173. DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00081. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread in surface waters across
- [Kongtip et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kongtip-et-al-2017/) - Kongtip, Pornpimol, Nankongnab, Noppanun, Phupancharoensuk, Ratanavadee, Palarach, Chonlada, Sujirarat, Dusit, Sangprasert, Supha, Sermsuk, Malasod, Sawattrakool, Namthip, & Woskie, Susan Renee, "Glyphosate and Paraquat in Maternal and Fetal Serums in Thai Women," Journal of Agromedicine, 2017, 22(3), 282-289. DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2017.1319315. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal study measured the glyphosate and paraquat concentrations found in maternal and umbilical
- [Milic et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/milic-et-al-2018/) - Milic, Mirta, Zunec, Suzana, Micek, Vedran, Kasuba, Vilena, Mikolic, Anja, Lovakovic, Blanka Tariba, Semren, Tanja Zivkovic, Pavicic, Ivan, Cermak, Ana Marija Marjanovic, Pizent, Alica, Vrdoljak, Ana Lucic, Valencia-Quintana, Rafael, Sanchez-Alarcon, Juana, & Zeljezic, Davor, "Oxidative stress, cholinesterase activity, and DNA damage in the liver, whole blood, and plasma of Wistar rats following a 28-day exposure
- [Ward, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ward-2018/) - Ward, E. M., "Glyphosate Use and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study: An Epidemiologic Perspective," Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2018, 110(5), 446-447. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx247. ABSTRACT: Not Available. FULL TEXT
- [Bai and Ogbourne, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bai-and-ogbourne-2016/) - Bai, S. H., & Ogbourne, S. M., "Glyphosate: environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(19), 18988-19001. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7425-3. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate has been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies glyphosate as 'practically non-toxic
- [ATSDR, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/atsdr-2019/) - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Toxicological Profile for Glyphosate: Draft for Public Comment," United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2019. SUMMARY: This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were
- [Karunanayake et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/karunanayake-et-al-2008/) - Karunanayake, C. P., McDuffie, H. H., Dosman, J. A., Spinelli, J. J., & Pahwa, P., "Occupational exposures and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Canadian case-control study," Environ Health, 2008, 7, 44. DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-7-44. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The objective was to study the association between Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and occupational exposures related to long held occupations among males in six
- [Kaufman et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kaufman-et-al-2009/) - Kaufman, D. W., Anderson, T. E., & Issaragrisil, S., "Risk factors for leukemia in Thailand," Annals of Hematology, 2009, 88(11), 1079-1088. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0731-9. ABSTRACT: A case-control study of adult-onset leukemia was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand to explore the contribution of cellular telephone use and other factors to the etiology of the disease; 180 cases (87
- [Lamure et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lamure-et-al-2019/) - Lamure, S., Carles, C., Aquereburu, Q., Quittet, P., Tchernonog, E., Paul, F., Jourdan, E., Waultier, A., Defez, C., Belhadj, I., Sanhes, L., Burcheri, S., Donadio, D., Exbrayat, C., Saad, A., Labourey, J. L., Baldi, I., Cartron, G., & Fabbro-Peray, P., "Association of Occupational Pesticide Exposure With Immunochemotherapy Response and Survival Among Patients With Diffuse Large
- [Lu et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lu-et-al-2018/) - Lu, L., Su, H., Liu, Q., & Li, F., "Development of a Luminescent Dinuclear Ir(III) Complex for Ultrasensitive Determination of Pesticides," Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90(19), 11716-11722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03687. ABSTRACT: To improve the G-quadruplex specificity of Ir(III) complexes, a novel dinuclear Ir(III) complex (Din Ir(III)-1) was designed and synthesized through connecting two mononuclear Ir(III) complexes via
- [Nordstrom et al., 1998](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nordstrom-et-al-1998/) - Nordstrom, M., Hardell, L., Magnuson, A., Hagberg, H., & Rask-Anderson, A., "Occupational exposures, animal exposure and smoking as risk factors for hairy cell leukaemia evaluated in a case-control study," British Journal of Cancer, 1998, 77(11), 2048-2052. ABSTRACT: To evaluate occupational exposures as risk factors for hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), a population-based case-control study on 121
- [Nougadère et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nougadere-et-al-2012/) - Nougadère, Alexandre, Sirot, Véronique, Kadar, Ali, Fastier, Antony, Truchot, Eric, Vergnet, Claude, Hommet, Frédéric, Baylé, Joëlle, Gros, Philippe, & Leblanc, Jean-Charles, "Total diet study on pesticide residues in France: Levels in food as consumed and chronic dietary risk to consumers," Environment International, 2012, 45, 135-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.02.001. ABSTRACT: Chronic dietary exposure to pesticide residues was
- [Picchi, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/picchi-2019/) - Aimee Pichhi, "Cheerios, Nature Valley cereals contain Roundup ingredient, study finds," CBS News, June 13, 2019. SUMMARY: CBS This Morning coverage of the EWG report on glyphosate residues in cereals. Full Video
- [Curl et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curl-et-al-2019/) - Curl, C. L., Porter, J., Penwell, I., Phinney, R., Ospina, M., & Calafat, A. M.; "Effect of a 24-week randomized trial of an organic produce intervention on pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticide exposure among pregnant women;" Environment International, 2019, 104957; DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104957. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Introduction of an organic diet can significantly reduce exposure to some classes
- [Chiu et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chiu-et-al-2018/) - Chiu, Y. H., Williams, P. L., Gillman, M. W., Gaskins, A. J., Minguez-Alarcon, L., Souter, I., Toth, T. L., Ford, J. B., Hauser, R., Chavarro, J. E., & Team, Earth Study; "Association Between Pesticide Residue Intake From Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment With Assisted Reproductive Technology;" JAMA
- [Tsiaoussis et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tsiaoussis-et-al-2019/) - Tsiaoussis, J., Antoniou, M. N., Koliarakis, I., Mesnage, R., Vardavas, C. I., Izotov, B. N., Psaroulaki, A., & Tsatsakis, A.; "Effects of single and combined toxic exposures on the gut microbiome: Current knowledge and future directions;" Toxicology Letters, 2019, 312, 72-97; DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.014. ABSTRACT: Human populations are chronically exposed to mixtures of toxic chemicals. Predicting
- [Mesnage, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-2019/) - Mesnage, Robin, "Effects of dietary exposures to pesticide residues on the gut microbiome," 2019, Presented 10/30/2019 at the London Microbiome Meeting 2019, Great Hall, King's College London Strand Campus. SUMMARY: The gut microbiota: a major player in the toxicity of environmental pollutants? FULL TEXT
- [Perro and Adams, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perro-and-adams-2017/) - Perro, Michelle and Adams, Vincanne, “What’s Making Our Children Sick? How Industrial Food Is Causing an Epidemic of Chronic Illness, and What Parents (and Doctors) Can Do About It,” Chelsea Green Publishing, 2017. SUMMARY: With chronic disorders among American children reaching epidemic levels, hundreds of thousands of parents are desperately seeking solutions to their children’s
- [Escher et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/escher-et-al-2020/) - Escher, B. I., Stapleton, H. M., & Schymanski, E. L.; "Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in our changing environment;" Science, 2020, 367(6476), 388-392; DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6636. ABSTRACT: Chemicals have improved our quality of life, but the resulting environmental pollution has the potential to cause detrimental effects on humans and the environment. People and biota are chronically
- [Topping et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/topping-et-al-2020/) - Topping, C. J., Aldrich, A., & Berny, P.; "Overhaul environmental risk assessment for pesticides;" Science, 2020, 367(6476), 360-363; DOI: 10.1126/science.aay1144. SUMMARY: Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides does not account for many stressors that have intensified in recent years, such as climate change, habitat destruction, and increasing landscape homogeneity, the combination of which can aggravate
- [Vermeulen et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vermeulen-et-al-2020/) - Vermeulen, R., Schymanski, E. L., Barabasi, A. L., & Miller, G. W.; "The exposome and health: Where chemistry meets biology;" Science, 2020, 367(6476), 392-396; DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3164. ABSTRACT: Despite extensive evidence showing that exposure to specific chemicals can lead to disease, current research approaches and regulatory policies fail to address the chemical complexity of our world.
- [Karthikraj and Kannan, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/karthikraj-and-kannan-2019/) - Karthikraj, R., & Kannan, K.; "Widespread occurrence of glyphosate in urine from pet dogs and cats in New York State, USA;" Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 659, 790-795; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.454. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, which has led to its ubiquitous occurrence in food and
- [Hayes et al., 1991](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hayes-et-al-1991/) - Hayes, H. M., Tarone, R. E., Cantor, K. P., Jessen, C. R., McCurnin, D. M., & Richardson, R. C.; "Case-control study of canine malignant lymphoma: positive association with dog owner's use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides;" Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1991, 83(17), 1226-1231; DOI: 10.1093/jnci/83.17.1226. ABSTRACT: A hospital-based case-control study of companion dogs examined
- [Glickman et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/glickman-et-al-2004/) - Glickman, L. T., Raghavan, M., Knapp, D. W., Bonney, P. L., & Dawson, M. H.; "Herbicide exposure and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish Terriers;" Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2004, 224(8), 1290-1297; DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1290. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to lawn or garden chemicals was
- [Reynolds et al., 1994](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/reynolds-et-al-1994/) - Reynolds, P. M., Reif, J. S., Ramsdell, H. S., & Tessari, J. D.; "Canine exposure to herbicide-treated lawns and urinary excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid;" Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, & Prevention, 1994, 3(3), 233-237. ABSTRACT: A recent study by Hayes et al. (J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 83: 1226-1231, 1991) found an increased risk of malignant lymphoma associated
- [Alarcon et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alarcon-et-al-2005/) - Alarcon, W. A., Calvert, G. M., Blondell, J. M., Mehler, L. N., Sievert, J., Propeck, M., Tibbetts, D. S., Becker, A., Lackovic, M., Soileau, S. B., Das, R., Beckman, J., Male, D. P., Thomsen, C. L., & Stanbury, M.; "Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposure at schools;" JAMA, 2005, 294(4), 455-465; DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.4.455. ABSTRACT: CONTEXT:
- [Gilden et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gilden-et-al-2012/) - Gilden, R., Friedmann, E., Sattler, B., Squibb, K., & McPhaul, K.; "Potential health effects related to pesticide use on athletic fields;" Public Health Nursing, 2012, 29(3), 198-207; DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2012.01016.x. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Children come in contact with athletic fields on a daily basis. How these fields are maintained may have an impact on children's potential exposure
- [Aparicio et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/aparicio-et-al-2018/) - Aparicio, Virginia C., Aimar, Silvia, De Gerónimo, Eduardo, Mendez, Mariano J., & Costa, José L.; "Glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in wind-blown material under field conditions;" Land Degradation & Development, 2018, 29(5), 1317-1326; DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2920. ABSTRACT: Agricultural intensification in fragile arid and semiarid environments has led to an increase in soil degradation, mainly through wind erosion.
- [Van Stempvoort et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/van-stempvoort-et-al-2014/) - Van Stempvoort, D. R., Roy, J. W., Brown, S. J., & Bickerton, G.; "Residues of the herbicide glyphosate in riparian groundwater in urban catchments;" Chemosphere, 2014, 95, 455-463; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.095. ABSTRACT: The herbicide glyphosate and its putative metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have been found in urban streams, but limited information is available on their presence
- [Curl et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curl-et-al-2020/) - Curl, C. L., Spivak, M., Phinney, R., & Montrose, L.; "Synthetic Pesticides and Health in Vulnerable Populations: Agricultural Workers;" Current Environmental Health Reports, 2020, 7(1), 13-29; DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00266-5. ABSTRACT: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize epidemiological literature published between May 15, 2018, and May 14, 2019, that examines the relationship between exposure to
- [Boobis et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/boobis-et-al-2008/) - Boobis, A. R., Ossendorp, B. C., Banasiak, U., Hamey, P. Y., Sebestyen, I., & Moretto, A.; "Cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues in food;" Toxicology Letters, 2008, 180(2), 137-150; DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.004. ABSTRACT: There is increasing need to address the potential risks of combined exposures to multiple residues from pesticides in the diet. The available evidence
- [Silva et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/silva-et-al-2018/) - Silva, V., Montanarella, L., Jones, A., Fernandez-Ugalde, O., Mol, H. G. J., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V.; "Distribution of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in agricultural topsoils of the European Union;" Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 621, 1352-1359; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.093. ABSTRACT: Approval for glyphosate-based herbicides in the European Union (EU) is under intense
- [Balderrama-Carmona et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/balderrama-carmona-et-al-2019/) - Balderrama-Carmona, A. P., Valenzuela-Rincon, M., Zamora-Alvarez, L. A., Adan-Bante, N. P., Leyva-Soto, L. A., Silva-Beltran, N. P., & Moran-Palacio, E. F.; "Herbicide biomonitoring in agricultural workers in Valle del Mayo, Sonora Mexico;" Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019; DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07087-6. ABSTRACT: Valle del Mayo is an important agricultural area at the northwest of Mexico
- [Esker and Proost, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/uw-extension-2020/) - Paul Esker and Richard Proost, "What's on your seed?," University of Wisconsin Extension, 2020, Date accessed: 4/16/2020. SUMMARY: Seed treatments have been used for a number of years, mostly for protection against seedling diseases. However, there are a number of new seed treatments marketed for protection against a range of pests—including seedling diseases, insects and
- [Hernandez et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hernandez-et-al-2006/) - Hernandez, A. F., Amparo Gomez, M., Perez, V., Garcia-Lario, J. V., Pena, G., Gil, F., Lopez, O., Rodrigo, L., Pino, G., & Pla, A.; "Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme activities of cytotoxicity among intensive agriculture farmers;" Environmental Research, 2006, 102(1), 70-76; DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.03.002. ABSTRACT: Although the effects of acute pesticide
- [Hernandez et al, 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hernandez-et-al-2013/) - Hernandez, A. F., Parron, T., Tsatsakis, A. M., Requena, M., Alarcon, R., & Lopez-Guarnido, O.; "Toxic effects of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level: their relevance to human health;" Toxicology, 2013, 307, 136-145; DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.009. ABSTRACT: Pesticides almost always occur in mixtures with other ones. The toxicological effects of low-dose pesticide mixtures on the human
- [Curl et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curl-et-al-2015/) - Curl, C. L., Beresford, S. A., Fenske, R. A., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Lu, C., Nettleton, J. A., & Kaufman, J. D.; "Estimating pesticide exposure from dietary intake and organic food choices: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA);" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015, 123(5), 475-483; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408197. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure to the U.S. population
- [Chiu et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chiu-et-al-2015/) - Chiu, Y. H., Afeiche, M. C., Gaskins, a. J., Williams, P. L., Petrozza, J. C., Tanrikut, C., Hauser, R., & Chavarro, J. E.; "Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic;" Human Reproduction, 2015, 0, 1-10; DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev064. ABSTRACT: STUDY QUESTION: Is consumption of
- [Chiu, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chiu-2017/) - Chiu, Y. H.,"Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables: Assessment and Their Associations With Reproductive Health Outcomes;" Dissertation at Harvard Universiry, (Doctor of Science in Nutrition and Epidemiology); 2017. ABSTRACT: According to the Dietary Guideline, consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) are recommended throughout the lifespan, including during pregnancy. FVs, on the other hand, can serve
- [Gray et al., 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gray-et-al-2000/) - Gray, George M., Goldstein, Bernard D., Bailar, John, Davis, Devra Lee, Delzell, Elizabeth, Dost, Frank, Greenberg, Raymond S., Hatch, Maureen, Hodgson, Ernest, Ibrahim, Michel A., Lamb, James, Lavy, Terry, Mandel, Jack, Monson, Richard, Robson, Mark, Shore, Roy, & Graham, John D.; "The Federal Government's Agricultural Health Study: A Critical Review with Suggested Improvements;" Human and
- [Lerro et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lerro-et-al-2020/) - Lerro, C. C., Hofmann, J. N., Andreotti, G., Koutros, S., Parks, C. G., Blair, A., Albert, P. S., Lubin, J. H., Sandler, D. P., & Beane Freeman, L. E.; "Dicamba use and cancer incidence in the agricultural health study: an updated analysis;" International Journal of Epidemiology, 2020; DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa066. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The herbicide dicamba has
- [Pardo et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pardo-et-al-2020/) - Pardo, L. A., Beane Freeman, L. E., Lerro, C. C., Andreotti, G., Hofmann, J. N., Parks, C. G., Sandler, D. P., Lubin, J. H., Blair, A., & Koutros, S.; "Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators;" Environmental Health, 2020, 19(1), 30; DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00583-0. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138787. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is
- [Alavanja et al., 1996](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alavanja-et-al-1996/) - Alavanja, M. C., Sandler, D. P., McMaster, S. B., Zahm, S. H., McDonnell, C. J., Lynch, C. F., Pennybacker, M., Rothman, N., Dosemeci, M., Bond, A. E., & Blair, A.; "The Agricultural Health Study;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 1996, 104(4), 362-369; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104362. ABSTRACT: The Agricultural Health Study, a large prospective cohort study has been initiated
- [Dosemeci et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dosemeci-et-al-2002/) - Dosemeci, M., Alavanja, M. C., Rowland, A. S., Mage, D., Zahm, S. H., Rothman, N., Lubin, J. H., Hoppin, J. A., Sandler, D. P., & Blair, A.; "A quantitative approach for estimating exposure to pesticides in the Agricultural Health Study;" Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2002, 46(2), 245-260; DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mef011. ABSTRACT: We developed a quantitative method to
- [Hoppin et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hoppin-et-al-2002/) - Hoppin, Jane A., Umbach, David M, London, Stephanie J., Alavanja, Michael, & Sandler, Dale P.; "Chemical Predictors of Wheeze among Farmer Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study;" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2002, 165, 683-689; DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2106074. ABSTRACT: Pesticides may contribute to respiratory symptoms among farmers. Using the Agricultural Health Study,
- [Thomas et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/thomas-et-al-2010-2/) - Thomas, K. W., Dosemeci, M., Hoppin, J. A., Sheldon, L. S., Croghan, C. W., Gordon, S. M., Jones, M. L., Reynolds, S. J., Raymer, J. H., Akland, G. G., Lynch, C. F., Knott, C. E., Sandler, D. P., Blair, A. E., & Alavanja, M. C.; "Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and
- [Coble et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/coble-et-al-2005/) - Coble, J., Arbuckle, T., Lee, W., Alavanja, M., & Dosemeci, M.; "The validation of a pesticide exposure algorithm using biological monitoring results;" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2005, 2(3), 194-201; DOI: 10.1080/15459620590923343. ABSTRACT: A pesticide exposure algorithm was developed to calculate pesticide exposure intensity scores based on responses to questions about pesticide handling procedures
- [Curwin et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curwin-et-al-2005/) - Curwin, B. D., Hein, M. J., Sanderson, W. T., Nishioka, M. G., Reynolds, S. J., Ward, E. M., & Alavanja, M. C.; "Pesticide contamination inside farm and nonfarm homes;" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2005, 2(7), 357-367; DOI: 10.1080/15459620591001606. ABSTRACT: Twenty-five farm (F) households and 25 nonfarm (NF) households in Iowa were enrolled in
- [Coble et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/coble-et-al-2011/) - Coble, J., Thomas, K. W., Hines, C. J., Hoppin, J. A., Dosemeci, M., Curwin, B., Lubin, J. H., Beane Freeman, L. E., Blair, A., Sandler, D. P., & Alavanja, M. C.; "An updated algorithm for estimation of pesticide exposure intensity in the agricultural health study;" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011, 8(12),
- [Curwin et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curwin-et-al-2002/) - Curwin, B., Sanderson, W., Reynolds, S., Hein, M., & Alavanja, M.; "Pesticide use and practices in an Iowa farm family pesticide exposure study;" Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2002, 8(4), 423-433; DOI: 10.13031/2013.10222. ABSTRACT: Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes
- [Curwin et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curwin-et-al-2007-2/) - Curwin, Brian D., Hein, Misty J., Sanderson, Wayne T., Striley, Cynthia, Heederik, Dick, Kromhout, Hans, Reynolds, Stephen J., & Alavanja, Michael C.; "Pesticide dose estimates for children of Iowa farmers and non-farmers;" Environmental Research, 2007, 105, 307-315; DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.06.001. ABSTRACT: Farm children have the potential to be exposed to pesticides. Biological monitoring is often employed
- [Thomas et al., 2010b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/thomas-et-al-2010b/) - Thomas, K. W., Dosemeci, M., Coble, J. B., Hoppin, J. A., Sheldon, L. S., Chapa, G., Croghan, C. W., Jones, P. A., Knott, C. E., Lynch, C. F., Sandler, D. P., Blair, A. E., & Alavanja, M. C.; "Assessment of a pesticide exposure intensity algorithm in the agricultural health study;" Journal of Exposure Analysis and
- [Nougadere et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nougadere-et-al-2020/) - Nougadere, A., Sirot, V., Cravedi, J. P., Vasseur, P., Feidt, C., Fussell, R. J., Hu, R., Leblanc, J. C., Jean, J., Riviere, G., Sarda, X., Merlo, M., & Hulin, M.; "Dietary exposure to pesticide residues and associated health risks in infants and young children - Results of the French infant total diet study;" Environment International,
- [Sieke et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sieke-et-al-2018/) - Sieke, C., Michalski, B., & Kuhl, T.; "Probabilistic dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in foods for the German population based on food monitoring data from 2009 to 2014;" Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2018, 28(1), 46-54; DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.7. ABSTRACT: Dietary risks for the German population owing to pesticide residues in foods were
- [Larsson et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/larsson-et-al-2017/) - Larsson, M. O., Nielsen, V. S., Brandt, C. O., Bjerre, N., Laporte, F., & Cedergreen, N.; "Quantifying dietary exposure to pesticide residues using spraying journal data;" Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017, 105, 407-428; DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.014. ABSTRACT: Relatively few studies are available on the combined risk of realistic dietary pesticide exposure. Despite available studies showing low
- [Stephenson and Harris, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/stephenson-and-harris-2016/) - Stephenson, C. L., & Harris, C. A.; "An assessment of dietary exposure to glyphosate using refined deterministic and probabilistic methods;" Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2016, 95, 28-41; DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.026. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds. Some uses of glyphosate in crop production can lead to residues of the active substance and
- [Berkowitz et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/berkowitz-et-al-2004/) - Berkowitz, G. S., Wetmur, J. G., Birman-Deych, E., Obel, J., Lapinski, R. H., Godbold, J. H., Holzman, I. R., & Wolff, M. S.; "In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004, 112(3), 388-391; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6414. ABSTRACT: Although the use of pesticides in inner-city homes of the United States is
- [Reeves et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/reeves-et-al-2019/) - Reeves, W. R., McGuire, M. K., Stokes, M., & Vicini, J. L.; "Assessing the Safety of Pesticides in Food: How Current Regulations Protect Human Health;" Advances in Nutrition, 2019, 10(1), 80-88; DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy061. ABSTRACT: Understanding the magnitude and impact of dietary pesticide exposures is a concern for some consumers. However, the ability of consumers to
- [Pierce et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pierce-et-al-2020/) - Pierce, J. S., Roberts, B., Kougias, D. G., Comerford, C. E., Riordan, A. S., Keeton, K. A., Reamer, H. A., Jacobs, N. F. B., & Lotter, J. T.; "Pilot study evaluating inhalation and dermal glyphosate exposure resulting from simulated heavy residential consumer application of Roundup((R));" Inhalation Toxicology, 2020, 1-11; DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1814457. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: The purpose
- [Connolly et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/connolly-et-al-2020/) - Connolly, A., Coggins, M. A., & Koch, H. M.; "Human Biomonitoring of Glyphosate Exposures: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Challenges;" Toxics, 2020, 8(3); DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030060. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824707. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate continues to attract controversial debate following the International Agency for Research on Cancer carcinogenicity classification in 2015. Despite its ubiquitous presence in our environment, there remains a dearth
- [Buckley et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/buckley-et-al-2020/) - Buckley, J. P., Barrett, E. S., Beamer, P. I., Bennett, D. H., Bloom, M. S., Fennell, T. R., Fry, R. C., Funk, W. E., Hamra, G. B., Hecht, S. S., Kannan, K., Iyer, R., Karagas, M. R., Lyall, K., Parsons, P. J., Pellizzari, E. D., Signes-Pastor, A. J., Starling, A. P., Wang, A., Watkins, D.
- [Gillezeau et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gillezeau-et-al-2020/) - Gillezeau, C., Lieberman-Cribbin, W., & Taioli, E.; "Update on human exposure to glyphosate, with a complete review of exposure in children;" Environmental Health, 2020, 19(1), 115; DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00673-z. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate, a commonly used pesticide, has been the topic of much debate. The effects of exposure to glyphosate remains a contentious topic. This paper provides
- [Andersen et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/andersen-et-al-2008/) - Andersen, H. R., Schmidt, I. M., Grandjean, P., Jensen, T. K., Budtz-Jorgensen, E., Kjaerstad, M. B., Baelum, J., Nielsen, J. B., Skakkebaek, N. E., & Main, K. M.; "Impaired reproductive development in sons of women occupationally exposed to pesticides during pregnancy;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008, 116(4), 566-572; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10790. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this
- [Benbrook, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2020/) - Benbrook, Charles; "Shining a Light on Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Hazard, Exposures and Risk: Role of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Litigation in the USA;" European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2020, 11(3), 498-519; DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.16. ABSTRACT: Roundup, and other glyphosate-based herbicides, are the most heavily used pesticides in the history of the USA and globally. In March 2015, the International
- [van der Plaat et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/van-der-plaat-et-al-2018/) - van der Plaat, Diana A., de Jong, Kim, de Vries, Maaike, van Diemen, Cleo C., Nedeljković, Ivana, Amin, Najaf, Kromhout, Hans, Vermeulen, Roel, Postma, Dirkje S., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Boezen, H. Marike, & Vonk, Judith M.; "Occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with differential DNA methylation;" Occupational and environmental medicine, 2018, 75(6), 427; DOI:
- [Kougias et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kougias-et-al-2020/) - Kougias, D. G., Miller, E., McEwen, A., Reamer, H., Kovochich, M., & Pierce, J.; "Risk Assessment of Glyphosate Exposures from Pilot Study with Simulated Heavy Residential Consumer Application of Roundup((R)) using a Margin of Safety (MOS) Approach;" Risk Analysis, 2020; DOI: 10.1111/risa.13646. ABSTRACT: Due to the widespread application of glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide, to a
- [Alavanja et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alavanja-et-al-2004/) - Alavanja, M. C., Dosemeci, M., Samanic, C., Lubin, J., Lynch, C. F., Knott, C., Barker, J., Hoppin, J. A., Sandler, D. P., Coble, J., Thomas, K., & Blair, A.; "Pesticides and lung cancer risk in the agricultural health study cohort;" American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004, 160(9), 876-885; DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh290. ABSTRACT: The authors examined the relation
- [Astiz et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/astiz-et-al-2011/) - Astiz, M., Arnal, N., de Alaniz, M. J., & Marra, C. A.; "Occupational exposure characterization in professional sprayers: clinical utility of oxidative stress biomarkers;" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2011, 32(2), 249-258; DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.010. ABSTRACT: The impact of involuntary exposure to pesticides was studied in a group of professional sprayers (S) (25+/-5 years old) exposed to
- [Bakian and VanDerslice, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bakian-and-vanderslice-2019/) - Bakian, Amanda V., & VanDerslice, James A.; "Pesticides and autism;" BMJ, 2019, 364, l1149; DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1149. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Szekacs et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/szekacs-et-al-2018/) - Székács, András, Wilkinson, Martin G., Mader, Anneluise, & Appel, Bernd; "Environmental and food safety of spices and herbs along global food chains;" Food Control, 2018, 83, 1-6; DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.033. ABSTRACT: Spices and herbs, which are consumed in small quantities, but used in a wide range of foods and food products, represent a unique segment within
- [Berens et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/berens-et-al-2020/) - Berens, Matthew B., Capel, Paul D., & Arnold, William A.; "Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Surface Water, Groundwater, and Wastewater across Land Use Gradients and Potential Effects;" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2020, In Press; DOI: 10.1002/etc.4959. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoid insecticides cause adverse effects on non-target organisms, but more information about their occurrence in surface and groundwater is needed
- [Benbrook and Davis, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-and-davis-2020/) - Benbrook, Charles M., & Davis, Donald R.; “The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks;” Environmental Health, 2020, 19(1); DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00657-z. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: For years the United States Department of Agriculture’s Pesticide Data Program and the United Kingdom’s Food Standards Agency have published annual or quarterly data on pesticide residues in foods.
- [Rydz et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rydz-et-al-2020/) - Rydz, C. E., Larsen, K., & Peters, C. E.; "Estimating Exposure to Three Commonly Used, Potentially Carcinogenic Pesticides (Chlorolathonil, 2,4-D, and Glyphosate) Among Agricultural Workers in Canada;" Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2020; DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa109. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Certain pesticides have been associated with adverse health outcomes including cancer and reproductive harms. However, little is
- [Suppa et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/suppa-et-al-2020/) - Suppa, A., Kvist, J., Li, X., Dhandapani, V., Almulla, H., Tian, A. Y., Kissane, S., Zhou, J., Perotti, A., Mangelson, H., Langford, K., Rossi, V., Brown, J. B., & Orsini, L.; "Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species;" Microbiome, 2020, 8(1), 170; DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00943-5. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:
- [Perry et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-et-al-2002/) - Perry, M. J., Marbella, A., & Layde, P. M.; "Compliance with required pesticide-specific protective equipment use;" American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2002, 41(1), 70-73; DOI: 10.1002/ajim.10026. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This study measured compliance with pesticide-specific protective gear use requirements practiced by farmers applying pesticides to field crops. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty randomly selected
- [Lebailly et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lebailly-et-al-2009/) - Lebailly, P., Bouchart, V., Baldi, I., Lecluse, Y., Heutte, N., Gislard, A., & Malas, J. P.; "Exposure to pesticides in open-field farming in France;" Annals of Occupational Hygeine, 2009, 53(1), 69-81; DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/men072. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Identification of parameters associated with measured pesticide exposure of farmers in open-field farming in France. METHODS: Open-field volunteer farmers were
- [Baldi et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/baldi-et-al-2006/) - Baldi, I., Lebailly, P., Jean, S., Rougetet, L., Dulaurent, S., & Marquet, P.; "Pesticide contamination of workers in vineyards in France;" Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2006, 16(2), 115-124; DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500443. ABSTRACT: In order to build tools to quantify exposure to pesticides of farmers included into epidemiological studies, we performed a field study
- [Macfarlane et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/macfarlane-et-al-2013/) - Macfarlane, E., Carey, R., Keegel, T., El-Zaemay, S., & Fritschi, L.; "Dermal exposure associated with occupational end use of pesticides and the role of protective measures;" Safety and Health at Work, 2013, 4(3), 136-141; DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2013.07.004. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Occupational end users of pesticides may experience bodily absorption of the pesticide products they use, risking possible
- [O'Leary et al., 1970](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/oleary-et-al-1970/) - O'Leary, James A., Davies, John E., Edmundson, Walter F., & Reich, George A.; "Transplacental passage of pesticides;" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1970, 107(1), 65-68; DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33891-1. ABSTRACT: The levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in blood and tissues of pregnant women have not been adequately studied, although it has been stated that DDT or
- [Meuling et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/meuling-et-al-2005/) - Meuling, W. J., Ravensberg, L. C., Roza, L., & van Hemmen, J. J.; "Dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in human volunteers;" International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2005, 78(1), 44-50; DOI: 10.1007/s00420-004-0558-6. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: The methods and results are described of a study on the dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in humans established via urinary
- [Geer et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/geer-et-al-2004/) - Geer, L. A., Cardello, N., Dellarco, M. J., Leighton, T. J., Zendzian, R. P., Roberts, J. D., & Buckley, T. J.; "Comparative analysis of passive dosimetry and biomonitoring for assessing chlorpyrifos exposure in pesticide workers;" Annals of Occupational Hygeine, 2004, 48(8), 683-695; DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meh056. ABSTRACT: Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the
- [Mahler et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mahler-et-al-2021/) - Mahler, B. J., Nowell, L. H., Sandstrom, M. W., Bradley, P. M., Romanok, K. M., Konrad, C. P., & Van Metre, P. C.; "Inclusion of Pesticide Transformation Products Is Key to Estimating Pesticide Exposures and Effects in Small U.S. Streams;" Environmental Science & Technology, 2021; DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06625. ABSTRACT: Improved analytical methods can quantify hundreds of
- [Kezic and Nielsen, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kezic-and-nielsen-2009/) - Kezic, S., & Nielsen, J. B.; "Absorption of chemicals through compromised skin;" International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2009, 82(6), 677-688; DOI: 10.1007/s00420-009-0405-x. ABSTRACT: Skin is an important route of entry for many chemicals in the work place. To assess systemic uptake of a chemical in contact with the skin, quantitative information on dermal
- [Moore et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/moore-et-al-2014/) - Moore, C. A., Wilkinson, S. C., Blain, P. G., Dunn, M., Aust, G. A., & Williams, F. M.; "Percutaneous absorption and distribution of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos) following dermal exposure and decontamination scenarios using in vitro human skin model;" Toxicology Letters, 2014, 229(1), 66-72; DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.008. ABSTRACT: To date, there has been little research investigating
- [Macfarlane et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/macfarlane-et-al-2013-2/) - Macfarlane, E., Carey, R., Keegel, T., El-Zaemay, S., & Fritschi, L.; "Dermal exposure associated with occupational end use of pesticides and the role of protective measures;" Safety and Health at Work, 2013, 4(3), 136-141; DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2013.07.004. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Occupational end users of pesticides may experience bodily absorption of the pesticide products they use, risking possible
- [Blair et al., 1985](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/blair-et-al-1985/) - Blair, A., Malker, H., Cantor, K. P., Burmeister, L., & Wiklund, K.; "Cancer among farmers. A review;" Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, 1985, 11(6), 397-407; DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.2208. ABSTRACT: During the performance of routine tasks farmers may come in contact with a variety of substances, including pesticides, solvents, oils and fuels, dusts, paints, welding
- [Benbrook et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-et-al-2021/) - Benbrook, Charles, Kegley, Susan, & Baker, Brian; "Organic Farming Lessens Reliance on Pesticides and Promotes Public Health by Lowering Dietary Risks;" Agronomy, 2021, 11(7); DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071266. ABSTRACT: Organic agriculture is a production system that relies on prevention, ecological processes, biodiversity, mechanical processes, and natural cycles to control pests and maintain productivity. Pesticide use is generally
- [Nishioka et al., 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nishioka-et-al-2001/) - Nishioka, M. G., Lewis, R. G., Brinkman, M. C., Burkholder, H. M., Hines, C. E., & Menkedick, J. R.; "Distribution of 2,4-D in air and on surfaces inside residences after lawn applications: comparing exposure estimates from various media for young children;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001, 109(11), 1185-1191; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.011091185. ABSTRACT: We collected indoor air, surface
- [Malagoli et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/malagoli-et-al-2016/) - Malagoli, C., Costanzini, S., Heck, J. E., Malavolti, M., De Girolamo, G., Oleari, P., Palazzi, G., Teggi, S., & Vinceti, M.; "Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community;" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2016, 219(8), 742-748; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.015. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to pesticides has been suggested
- [An et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/an-et-al-2019/) - An, Xuehua, Liu, Xinju, Jiang, Jinhua, Lv, Lu, Wang, Feidi, Wu, Shenggan, & Zhao, Xueping; "Exposure risks to pesticide applicators posed by the use of electric backpack sprayers and stretcher-mounted sprayers in orchards;" Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019, 26(8), 2288-2301; DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1675493. ABSTRACT: he introduction of the pesticide registration system in
- [Andreotti et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/andreotti-et-al-2015/) - Andreotti, G., Hoppin, J. A., Hou, L., Koutros, S., Gadalla, S. M., Savage, S. A., Lubin, J., Blair, A., Hoxha, M., Baccarelli, A., Sandler, D., Alavanja, M., & Beane Freeman, L. E.; "Pesticide Use and Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Agricultural Health Study;" Plos One, 2015, 10(7), e0133382; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133382. ABSTRACT: Some studies suggest
- [Baharuddin et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/baharuddin-et-al-2011/) - Baharuddin, M. R., Sahid, I. B., Noor, M. A., Sulaiman, N., & Othman, F.; "Pesticide risk assessment: A study on inhalation and dermal exposure to 2,4-D and paraquat among Malaysian paddy farmers;" Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2011, 46(7), 600-607; DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2011.589309. ABSTRACT: A cross-section analytical study was conducted to evaluate the
- [Alexander et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alexander-et-al-2007/) - Alexander, B. H., Mandel, J. S., Baker, B. A., Burns, C. J., Bartels, M. J., Acquavella, J. F., & Gustin, C.; "Biomonitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure and dose in farm families;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, 115(3), 370-376; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8869. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: We estimated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure and systemic dose in farm family members following
- [Syafrudin et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/syafrudin-et-al-2021/) - Syafrudin M, Kristanti RA, Yuniarto A, Hadibarata T, Rhee J, Al-Onazi WA, Algarni TS, Almarri AH, Al-Mohaimeed AM. Pesticides in Drinking Water-A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan 8;18(2):468. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020468. ABSTRACT: The ubiquitous problem of pesticide in aquatic environment are receiving worldwide concern as pesticide tends to accumulate in the
- [Mesnage et al., 2021C](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2021c/) - Mesnage R, Mazzacuva F, Caldwell A, Halket J, Antoniou MN. "Urinary excretion of herbicide co-formulants after oral exposure to roundup MON 52276 in rats." Environmental Research. 2021 Jun;197:111103. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111103. ABSTRACT: The toxicity of surfactants, which are an integral component of glyphosate-formulated products is an underexplored and highly debated subject. Since biomonitoring human exposure to
- [Milesi et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/milesi-et-al-2021/) - Milesi, M. M., Lorenz, V., Durando, M., Rossetti, M. F., & Varayoud, J. "Glyphosate Herbicide: Reproductive Outcomes and Multigenerational Effects." Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. 2021; DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.672532. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate base herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely applied pesticides in the world and are mainly used in association with GBH-tolerant crop varieties. Indiscriminate and negligent use of
- [Acquavella et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/acquavella-et-al-2004/) - Acquavella JF, Alexander BH, Mandel JS, Gustin C, Baker B, Chapman P, Bleeke M, “Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study.” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004, 112:3. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup agricultural herbicides and other herbicide formulations that are widely used for agricultural, forestry, and residential
- [Arbuckle et al., 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/arbuckle-et-al-2001/) - Arbuckle TE, Lin Z, Mery LS., “An exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an Ontario farm population,” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001, 109: 8. ABSTRACT: The toxicity of pesticides on human reproduction is largely unknown–particularly how mixtures of pesticide products might affect fetal toxicity. The Ontario Farm Family
- [Colborn and Carroll, 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/354/) - Colborn, Theo, Lynn Carroll, "Pesticides, Sexual Development, Reproduction,and Fertility: Current Perspective and Future Direction,” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2007, 13:5. ABSTRACT: Improvements in chemical analytical technology and non-invasive sampling protocols have made it easier to detect pesticides and their metabolites at very low concentrations in human tissues. Monitoring has revealed that pesticides penetrate both
- [Adams et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/adams-et-al-2016/) - Adams, A, Friesen, M, Olson, A, Gerona, R. “Biomonitoring of glyphosate across the United States in urine and tap water using high-fidelity LC-MS/MS method,” 2016. Poster presentation, access at: http://hh-ra.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/APAMT-Poster-Gerona.pdf.
- [Arbuckle et al., 1999](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/arbuckle-et-al-1999/) - Arbuckle TE, Savitz DA, Mery LS, Curtis KM, "Exposure to phenoxy herbicides and the risk of spontaneous abortion," Epidemiology, 1999, 10:6. ABSTRACT: The Ontario Farm Family Health Study was designed to assess retrospectively the potential adverse effects of exposure to pesticides on pregnancy. Information on the health and life style of approximately 2,000 farm couples, as
- [Carmichael et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/carmichael-et-al-2016/) - Carmichael SL, Yang W, Roberts E, Kegley SE, Brown TJ, English PB, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM, “Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risks of selected birth defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California,” Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 2016, 106:1, doi: 10.1002/bdra.23459. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We examined associations of birth defects with
- [CDC, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cdc-2015/) - Centers for Disease Control, “Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals: Updated tables, February 2015," 2015, U.S. Dept. Health Human Services, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/pdf/fourthreport_updatedtables_feb2015.pdf
- [CDC, 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cdc-2013/) - Centers for Disease Control, “Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals: Updated tables, September 2012,” 2013, U.S. Dept. Health Human Services, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Sep2012.pdf
- [Cohn et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/376/) - Cohn BA, La Merrill M, Krigbaum NY, Yeh G, Park JS, Zimmermann L, Cirillo PM, “DDT Exposure in Utero and Breast Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015, 100:8, doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1841. ABSTRACT: CONTEXT: Currently no direct evidence links in utero dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure to human breast cancer. However, in utero exposure to another xenoestrogen, diethylstilbestrol, predicts
- [Cohn et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cohn-et-al-2007/) - Cohn BA, Wolff MS, Cirillo PM, Sholtz RI, “DDT and breast cancer in young women: new data on the significance of age at exposure,” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, 115:10. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies of DDT and breast cancer assessed exposure later in life when the breast may not have been vulnerable, after most DDT had been
- [Conrad et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/382/) - Conrad A, Schröter-Kermani C, Hoppe HW, Rüther M, Pieper S, Kolossa-Gehring M, “Glyphosate in German adults – Time trend (2001 to 2015) of human exposure to a widely used herbicide,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017, 220:1, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.016. ABSTRACT: The broadband herbicide glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]-glycine) and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were analyzed by
- [Garry et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/garry-et-al-2003/) - Garry VF, Holland SE, Erickson LL, Burroughs BL, “Male reproductive hormones and thyroid function in pesticide applicators in the Red River Valley of Minnesota,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health – Part A, 2003, 66:11. ABSTRACT: In the present effort, 144 pesticide applicators and 49 urban control subjects who reported no chronic disease were studied. Applicators provided
- [Garry et al., 2002a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/garry-et-al-2002/) - Garry VF, Harkins M, Lyubimov A, Erickson L, Long L., “Reproductive outcomes in the women of the Red River Valley of the north. I - The spouses of pesticide applicators: pregnancy loss, age at menarche, and exposures to pesticides,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health – Part A, 2002, 65:11. ABSTRACT: In the current study,
- [Garry et al., 2002b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/garry-et-al-2002b/) - Garry VF, Harkins ME, Erickson LL, Long-Simpson LK, Holland SE, Burroughs BL, “Birth defects, season of conception, and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River Valley of Minnesota, USA,” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002, 110: Supplemental 3. ABSTRACT: We previously demonstrated that the frequency of birth defects among children of residents of the
- [Garry et al., 1996](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/garry-et-al-1996/) - Garry VF, Schreinemachers D, Harkins ME, Griffith J, “Pesticide appliers, biocides, and birth defects in rural Minnesota,” Environmental Health Perspectives, 1996, 104:4. ABSTRACT: Earlier studies by our group suggested the possibility that offspring of pesticide appliers might have increased risks of birth anomalies. To evaluate this hypothesis, 935 births to 34,772 state-licensed, private pesticide appliers in
- [Heindel, 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/heindel-2006/) - Heindel JJ, “Role of exposure to environmental chemicals in the developmental basis of reproductive disease and dysfunction,” Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 2006, 24:3. ABSTRACT: There is a paradigm shift in science at present that indicates that the onset of many diseases, including reproductive diseases and dysfunctions, are already programmed in utero or in the early postnatal period.
- [Lanphear et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lanphear-et-al-2005/) - Lanphear BP, Vorhees CV, Bellinger DC, “Protecting children from environmental toxins," PLoS Medicine. 2005, 2:3. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Lerro et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lerro-et-al-2017/) - Lerro CC, Beane Freeman LE, Portengen L, Kang D, Lee K, Blair A, Lynch CF, Bakke B, De Roos AJ, Vermeulen RC, “A longitudinal study of atrazine and 2,4-D exposure and oxidative stress markers among Iowa corn farmers,” Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2017, 58:1, DOI: 10.1002/em.22069. ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species, potentially formed through environmental exposures, can overwhelm
- [Lewis et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lewis-et-al-2015/) - Lewis RC, Cantonwine DE, Del Toro LV, Calafat AM, Valentin-Blasini L, Davis MD, Montesano MA, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Meeker JD, “Distribution and determinants of urinary biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate insecticides in Puerto Rican pregnant women,” The Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 512-513:337-44, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.059. ABSTRACT: Globally, human exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides may
- [Manfo et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manfo-et-al-2012/) - Manfo FP, Moundipa PF, Déchaud H, Tchana AN, Nantia EA, Zabot MT, Pugeat M, “Effect of agropesticides use on male reproductive function: a study on farmers in Djutitsa (Cameroon),” Environmental Toxicology, 2012, 27:7, DOI: 10.1002/tox.20656. ABSTRACT: This study aimed at investigating the effect of agropesticides on male reproductive function in farmers in Djutitsa (West Cameroon). To
- [Mesnage et al., 2012b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2012/) - Mesnage R, Moesch C, Le Grand R, Lauthier G, de Vendomois JS, Gress S, Seralini GR, "Glyphosate exposure in a farmer’s family," Journal of Environmental Protection, 3:1001-1003, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.39115. ABSTRACT: We tested the presence of glyphosate in the urines of a farmer who sprayed a glyphosate based herbicide on his land, and in his family, as his
- [Myers et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/myers-et-al-2016/) - Myers JP, Antoniou MN, Blumberg B, Carroll L, Colborn T, Everett LG, Michael Hansen, Landrigan PJ, Lanphear BP, Mesnage R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Benbrook CM, "Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement," Environmental Health, 2016, 15:19, DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0117-0. ABSTRACT: The broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (common trade name
- [National Research Council, 1993](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/national-research-council-1993/) - National Research Council, Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children, "Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children," 1993, National Academies Press, Washington DC., DOI: 10.17226/2126. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/2126/chapter/1.
- [Niemann et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/niemann-et-al-2015/) - Niemann L, Sieke C, Pfeil R, Solecki R., "A critical review of glyphosate findings in human urine samples and comparison with the exposure of operators and consumers," 2015, Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 10: 3-12, DOI: 10.1007/s00003-014-0927-3. ABSTRACT: For active substances in plant protection products (PPP) with well defined urinary elimination, no potential
- [Roberts and Karr, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/roberts-and-karr-2012/) - Roberts JR, Karr CJ, "Pesticide exposure in children," 2012, Pediatrics, 130:6. ABSTRACT: This statement presents the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics on pesticides. Pesticides are a collective term for chemicals intended to kill unwanted insects, plants, molds, and rodents. Children encounter pesticides daily and have unique susceptibilities to their potential toxicity. Acute poisoning risks
- [Rappazzo et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/460/) - Rappazzo KM, Warren JL, Meyer RE, Herring AH, Sanders AP, Brownstein NC, Luben TJ, "Maternal residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and birth defects in a 2003 to 2005 North Carolina birth cohort," Birth Defects Research Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratolology, 2016, 106:4, DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23479. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Birth defects are responsible for a large proportion
- [Rocheleau et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/468/) - Rocheleau CM, Bertke SJ, Lawson CC, Romitti PA, Sanderson WT, Malik S, Lupo PJ, Desrosiers TA, Bell E, Druschel C, Correa A, Reefhuis J, "Maternal occupational pesticide exposure and risk of congenital heart defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study," Birth Defects Research Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratololgy, 2015, 103:10, DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23351. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Congenital
- [Rusiecki et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rusiecki-et-al-2017/) - Rusiecki JA, Beane Freeman LE, Bonner MR, Alexander M, Chen L, Andreotti G, Barry KH, Moore LE, Byun HM, Kamel F, Alavanja M, Hoppin JA, Baccarelli A,"High pesticide exposure events and DNA methylation among pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study," Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2017, 58:1, DOI: 10.1002/em.22067. ABSTRACT: Pesticide exposure has been associated
- [Schreinemachers, 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schreinemachers-2003/) - Schreinemachers DM, "Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four U.S. Wheat-producing states," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003, 111:9. ABSTRACT: Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the United States and Western Europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. Most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the United States is grown in
- [Swan et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/swan-et-al-2003/) - Swan SH, Kruse RL, Liu F, Barr DB, Drobnis EZ, Redmon JB, Wang C, Brazil C, Overstreet JW, "Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003, 111:12. ABSTRACT: We previously reported reduced sperm concentration and motility in fertile men in a U.S. agrarian area (Columbia, MO) relative to men from U.S. urban
- [Winchester et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winchester-et-al-2009/) - Winchester PD, Huskins J, Ying J, "Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States," Acta Paediatrica, 2009, 98:4, DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01207. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: To investigate if live births conceived in months when surface water agrichemicals are highest are at greater risk for birth defects. METHODS: Monthly concentrations during 1996-2002 of nitrates, atrazine and other pesticides were
- [Herzine et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/herzine-et-al-2016/) - Ameziane Herzine, Anthony Laugeray, Justyne Feat, Arnaud Menuet, Valérie Quesniaux, Olivier Richard, Jacques Pichon, Céline Montécot-Dubourg, Olivier Perche, and Stéphane Mortaud,"Perinatal Exposure to Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Impairs Neurogenesis and Neuroblast Migration through Cytoskeleton Destabilization," Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2016, 10:191, DOI: 10.3389/FNCEL.2016.00191. ABSTRACT: Neurogenesis, a process of generating functional neurons from neural precursors, occurs throughout
- [Chang et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chang-et-al-2011/) - Feng-chih Chang, Matt F. Simcik, Paul D. Capel, "Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011, 30:3, DOI: 10.1002/ETC.431. ABSTRACT: This is the first report on the ambient levels of glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the United States, and its major degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid
- [Vandenberg et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vandenberg-et-al-2017/) - Laura N Vandenberg, Bruce Blumberg, Michael N Antoniou, Charles M Benbrook, Lynn Carroll, Theo Colborn, Lorne G Everett, Michael Hansen, Philip J Landrigan, Bruce P Lanphear, Robin Mesnage, Frederick S vom Saal, Wade V Welshons, John Peterson Myers, "Is it time to reassess current safety standards for glyphosate-based herbicides?", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2017, 0, DOI:
- [Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/canadian-food-inspection-agency-2017/) - Canadian Food Inspection Agency, "Safeguarding with Science: Glyphosate Testing in 2015-2016," 2017, CFIA Science Branch Survey Report. ABSTRACT: In 2015-2016, the CFIA tested a total of 3,188 food samples for glyphosate. Glyphosate was found in 29.7% of samples. Glyphosate residues above MRLs were found in only 1.3% of samples. This data was evaluated by Health
- [Cimino et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cimino-et-al-2017/) - Andria M. Cimino, Abee L. Boyles, Kristina A. Thayer, and Melissa J. Perry, "Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticide Exposure on Human Health: A Systematic Review," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2017, 125:2, DOI: 10.1289/EHP515. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have identified detectable levels of neonicotinoids (neonics) in the environment, adverse effects of neonics in many species, including mammals, and pathways through which human
- [Perry, 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-2008/) - Melissa J. Perry, "Effects of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on human sperm: a systematic review," Human Reproduction Update, 2008, 14:3, DOI: 10.1093/HUMUPD/DMM039. ABSTRACT: Relatively recent discoveries of the hormone disrupting properties of some pesticides have raised interest in how contemporary pesticide exposures, which primarily take the form of low level environmental or occupational exposures, impact spermatogenesis.
- [Glynnis English et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/english-et-al-2012/) - René Glynnis English, Melissa Perry, Mary M. Lee, Elaine Hoffman, Steven Delport, Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie, "Farm residence and reproductive health among boys in rural South Africa," Environment International, 2012, 47, DOI: 10.1016/J.Envint.2012.06.006. ABSTRACT: Few studies have investigated reproductive health effects of contemporary agricultural pesticides in boys. To determine the association between pesticide exposure and reproductive health
- [Perry et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-et-al-2006/) - Melissa J. Perry, Anne Marbella, Peter M. Layde, "Nonpersistent Pesticide Exposure Self-report versus Biomonitoring in Farm Pesticide Applicators," Annals of Epidemiology, 2006, 16:9, DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2005.12.004. ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: Few studies using biologic markers to examine nonpersistent pesticide exposure among pesticide applicators were conducted in field settings. This study compares self-reported dermal, inhalation, and ingestion exposures with urinalysis results
- [Perry et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-et-al-2007/) - Perry MJ, Venners SA, Barr DB, Xu X., "Environmental pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticide exposures and sperm concentration," Reproductive Toxicology, 2007, 23:1, DOI: 10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2006.08.005. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern that poisoning and other adverse health effects are increasing because organophosphorous (OP) insecticides are now being used in combination with pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides to enhance the toxic effects
- [Benbrook, 2016c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2016c/) - John Peterson Myers, Michael N. Antoniou, Bruce Blumberg, Lynn Carroll, Theo Colborn, Lorne G. Everett, Michael Hansen, Philip J. Landrigan, Bruce P. Lanphear, Robin Mesnage, Laura N. Vandenberg, Frederick S. vom Saal, Wade V. Welshons and Charles M. Benbrook. "Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement," Environmental Health, 2016, 15:19, DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0117-0. ABSTRACT: The broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (common trade name “Roundup”) was first sold to farmers in 1974. Since the late 1970s, the
- [Shelton et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/shelton-et-al-2014/) - Janie F. Shelton, Estella M. Geraghty, Daniel J. Tancredi, Lora D. Delwiche, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Beate Ritz, Robin L. Hansen, and Irva Hertz-Picciotto, "Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Prenatal Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticides: The CHARGE Study," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014, 122:10, DOI: 10.1289/EHP.1307044. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Gestational exposure to several common agricultural pesticides can induce developmental neurotoxicity in
- [Vogt et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vogt-et-al-2012/) - Vogt R, Cassady D, Frost J, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, "An assessment of exposures to toxins through diet among California residents," Environmental Health, 2012;11:83. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In the absence of current cumulative dietary exposure assessments, this analysis was conducted to estimate exposure to multiple dietary contaminants for children, who are more vulnerable to toxic exposure
- [Laborde et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/laborde-et-al-2015/) - Laborde A, Tomasina F, Bianchi F, Bruné MN, Buka I, Comba P, Corra L, Cori L, Duffert CM, Harari R, Iavarone I, McDiarmid MA, Gray KA, Sly PD, Soares A, Suk WA, Landrigan PJ, "Children's Health in Latin America: The Influence of Environmental Exposures," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015 Mar; 123(3), DOI: 10.1289/EHP.1408292. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases
- [Reigart and Roberts, 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/reigart-and-roberts-2001/) - Reigart, Routt, Roberts, James, "Pesticides in Children," Pediatric Clinics of North America, 2001, 48:5, DOI: 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70368-0. ABSTRACT: The term pesticide includes various agents devised to control a wide range of pests. Although the public perception of pesticides is often that pesticide is synonymous with insecticide, most pesticide usage and much acute and chronic toxicity from
- [Bohn et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bohn-et-al-2014/) - T. Bøhn, , M. Cuhra, T. Traavik, M. Sanden, J. Fagan, R. Primicerio, "Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: Glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans," Food Chemistry, 2014, 153, DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2013.12.054. ABSTRACT: This article describes the nutrient and elemental composition, including residues of herbicides and pesticides, of 31 soybean batches from Iowa, USA. The soy samples were
- [De Roos et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-roos-et-al-2005/) - Anneclaire J. De Roos, Aaron Blair, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Jane A. Hoppin, Megan Svec, Mustafa Dosemeci, Dale P. Sandler, and Michael C. Alavanja, "Cancer Incidence among Glyphosate-Exposed Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005, 113, DOI: 10.1289/EHP.7340. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is one of the most frequently applied pesticides
- [Krüger et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kruger-et-al-2014/) - Monika Krüger, Philipp Schledorn, Wieland Schrödl, Hans-Wolfgang Hoppe, Walburga Lutz, and Awad A. Shehata, "Detection of Glyphosate Residues in Animals and Humans," Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 2014, 4:2, DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000210. ABSTRACT: In the present study glyphosate residues were tested in urine and different organs of dairy cows as well as in urine of hares, rabbits and humans using ELISA
- [EPA, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cfr-2016/) - Code of Federal Regulations, "Glyphosate; tolerances for residues," 40 CFR § 180.364, 2016. ABSTRACT: Tolerances are established for residues of glyphosate, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities listed below resulting from the application of glyphosate, the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, the ethanolamine salt of glyphosate, the dimethylamine salt of glyphosate, the
- [EPA, 1992a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cfr-1992/) - Code of Federal Regulations, "Pesticide Tolerances and Food and Feed Additive Regulations for Glyphosate" (Summary), 40 CFR §§ 180-186, 1992 ABSTRACT: SUMMARY: This document establishes tolerances and food and feed additive regulations for the combined residues of the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid. The specific proposals are: an amended tolerance in
- [EPA, 1999d](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa1999/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Reassessed Group 3 Tolerances By Pesticide," 1999. ABSTRACT: Lists the tolerances for multiple pesticides that were re-assessed between 1997-1999, including glyphosate. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2015/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Updated Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) Report for Glyphosate Case PC #s(103601, 103604, 103607, 103608, 103613,and417300)," Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, October 22, 2015. ABSTRACT: This memorandum transmits an updated Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) report for the glyphosate case (previously completed in 2007). The usage data in the updated
- [Center for Food Safety, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/center-for-food-safety-2012/) - Center for Food Safety, "Exposure to Herbicide Residues and Herbicide-Resistant Crops," November 2012. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [IARC, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/iarc-2015/) - International Agency for Research on Cancer. "IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, volume 112. Glyphosate," IARC; 2017. ABSTRACT: The IARC Monographs identify environmental factors that can increase the risk of human cancer. These include chemicals, complex mixtures, occupational exposures, physical agents, biological agents, and lifestyle factors. National health agencies can use this
- [Jayasumana et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jayasumana-et-al-2014/) - Channa Jayasumana, Sarath Gunatilake, and Priyantha Senanayake, "Glyphosate, Hard Water and Nephrotoxic Metals: Are They the Culprits Behind the Epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka?," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2014, 11, DOI:10.3390/IJERPH 110202125. ABSTRACT: The current chronic kidney disease epidemic, the major health issue in the rice paddy farming areas
- [Jayasumana et al., 2015a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jayasumana-et-al-2015/) - Channa Jayasumana, Sarath Gunatilake, and Sisira Siribaddana, "Simultaneous exposure to multiple heavy metals and glyphosate may contribute to Sri Lankan agricultural nephropathy," BMC Nephrology, 2015, 16:103, DOI 10.1186/s12882-015-0109-2. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sri Lankan Agricultural Nephropathy (SAN), a new form of chronic kidney disease among paddy farmers was first reported in 1994. It has now become the most debilitating
- [EPA, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2012/) - EPA, "Index to Pesticide Chemical Names, Part 180 Tolerance Information, and Food and Feed Commodities (by Commodity)," Office of Pesticides Programs, 2012. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Hill et al., 1995](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hill-et-al-1995/) - Hill RH Jr, Head SL, Baker S, Gregg M, Shealy DB, Bailey SL, Williams CC, Sampson EJ, Needham LL, "Pesticide Residues of Adults Living in the United States: Reference Range Concentrations," Environmental Research, 1995, 71:2, DOI: 10.1006/ENRS.1995.1071. ABSTRACT: We measured 12 analytes in urine of 1000 adults living in the United States to establish reference range
- [EPA, 1999c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1999b/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Reassessed Group 2 Tolerances by Pesticide," August 4, 1999. SUMMARY: Reassessed tolerances for pesticides following the passage of the FQPA. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1999b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1999a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Permanent Group 1 Tolerances By Pesticide," August 3, 1999. SUMMARY: Sets tolerances for pesticides after the passage of the FQPA. FULL TEXT
- [Smith, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-2016b/) - Steve Smith, "Save Our Crops Coalition Open Letter to Chairman of Monsanto," August 9, 2016. SUMMARY: open letter Steve Smith, Chairman of the Save Our Crops Coalition sent to Hugh Grant, Chairman and CEO of the Monsanto Company about drift damage from dicamba spraying on dicamba-resistant crops. FULL TEXT
- [Polansek, 2017c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/polansek-2017c/) - Tom Polansek, "Monsanto, BASF weed killers strain U.S. states with damage complaints," Reuters, November 1, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports on the latest on the 2017 dicamba damage crisis. Major soybean states such as Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois received roughly 4 years’ worth of complaints about damaged crops. A total of 2,708 damage investigations have been initiated as
- [Parvez et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/parvez-et-al-2018/) - S. Parvez, R. R. Gerona, C. Proctor, M. Friesen, J. L. Ashby, J. L. Reiter, Z. Lui, and P. D. Winchester, "Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study," Environmental Health, 17:23, March 9, 2018, DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0367-0. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate (GLY) is the most heavily used herbicide worldwide but the extent of exposure in human pregnancy remains unknown.
- [Rull et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rull-et-al-2006/) - Rudolph P. Rull Beate Ritz Gary M. Shaw, "Neural Tube Defects and Maternal Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Applications," American Journal of Epidemiology, 163:8, 15 April 2006, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj101 ABSTRACT: Residential proximity to applications of agricultural pesticides may be an important source of exposure to agents that have been classified as developmental toxins. Data on two case-control
- [Weselak et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/weselak-et-al-2007/) - Weselak M, Arbuckle TE, Foster W., "Pesticide exposures and developmental outcomes: the epidemiological evidence.," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, Critical Reviews, 1-2, 2007, DOI: 10.1080/10937400601034571 ABSTRACT Since the advent of DDT as an insecticide in the late 1930s, billions of kilograms of pesticide active ingredient have been sold in North America and around
- [Sanin et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sanin-et-al-2009/) - Sanin LH, Carrasquilla G, Solomon KR, Cole DC, Marshall EJ., "Regional differences in time to pregnancy among fertile women from five Colombian regions with different use of glyphosate," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 72: 15-16, 2009, DOI: 10.1080/15287390902929691 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to test whether there was an association
- [Sathyanarayana et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sathyanarayana-et-al-2010/) - Sheela Sathyanarayana MD MPH, Olga Basso PhD, Catherine J. Karr MD PhD MS, Paula Lozano MD MPH, Michael Alavanja PhD, Dale P. Sandler PhD & Jane A. Hoppin ScD, "Maternal Pesticide Use and Birth Weight in the Agricultural Health Study," Journal of Agromedicine, 15:2, 2010, DOI: 10.1080/10599241003622699 ABSTRACT: Studies examining the association between maternal pesticide exposure
- [Curwin et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/curwin-et-al-2007/) - Brian Curwin, Misty Hein, Wayne Sanderson, Cynthia Striley, Dick Heederik, Hans Kromhout, Stephen Reynolds, Michael Alavanja, "Urinary Pesticide Concentrations Among Children, Mothers and Fathers Living in Farm and Non-Farm Households in Iowa," The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 51:1, January 2007, DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mel062 ABSTRACT: In the spring and summer of 2001, 47 fathers, 48 mothers and 117 children
- [Brändli et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/brandli-et-al-2012/) - Dirk Brändli and Sandra Reinacher, "Herbicides found in Human Urine," Ithaka Journal, 1/2012, 2012 SUMMARY: Glyphosate is the main active substance used in most commercial herbicides. It poisons not only plants, but also animals and humans. When testing for glyphosate contamination in an urban population, a German university found significant contamination in all urine samples with levels 5 to 20 times
- [Goldman et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/goldman-et-al-2004/) - Goldman L1, Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Jewell NP., "Risk behaviors for pesticide exposure among pregnant women living in farmworker households in Salinas, California," American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 45:6, 2004, DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20012 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Farmworkers and their families are at risk for pesticide exposure, however, little is known about behaviors that increase their risk. We determined
- [Eskenazi et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eskenazi-et-al-2004/) - Brenda Eskenazi, Kim Harley, Asa Bradman, Erin Weltzien, Nicholas P. Jewell, Dana B. Barr, Clement E. Furlong, and Nina T. Holland, "Association of in Utero Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Fetal Growth and Length of Gestation in an Agricultural Population," Environmental Health Perspecitives, 112:10, 2004, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6789 ABSTRACT: Although pesticide use is widespread, little is known about potential adverse health effects
- [Islam et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/islam-et-al-2018/) - Faisal Islam, Jian Wang, Muhammad A. Farooq, Muhammad S.S. Khan, Ling Xu, Jinwen Zhu, Min Zhao, Stéphane Muños, Qing X. Li, Weijun Zhou, "Potential impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on human and ecosystems," Environment International, 2018, 111, DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.020. ABSRACT: The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is applied directly to aquatic and conventional farming systems to
- [Mostafalou and Abdollahi, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mostafalou-and-abdollahi-2017/) - Sara Mostafalou and Mohammad Abdollahi, "Pesticides: an update of human exposure and toxicity," Archives of Toxicology, February 2017, 91:2, DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1849-x. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a concern. Regardless of
- [Bouchard et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bouchard-et-al-2011/) - Bouchard MF, Chevrier J, Harley KG, Kogut K, Vedar M, Calderon N, Trujillo C, Johnson C, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B., "Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children.," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, 119:8, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003185. ABSTRACT: CONTEXT: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are neurotoxic at high doses. Few studies have examined whether chronic exposure
- [Romano et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/romano-et-al-2011/) - Romano MA, Romano RM, Santos LD, Wisniewski P, Campos DA, de Souza PB, Viau P, Bernardi MM, Nunes MT, de Oliveira CA, "Glyphosate impairs male offspring reproductive development by disrupting gonadotropin expression.," Archives in Toxicology, 2012, 86:4, DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0788-9. ABSTRACT: Sexual differentiation in the brain takes place from late gestation to the early postnatal days.
- [Gillam, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gillam-2018/) - Carey Gillam, "Weedkiller found in granola and crackers, internal FDA emails show," The Guardian, April 30, 2018. SUMMARY: A Freedom of Information Act request for internal FDA emails shows that recent testing for glyphosate residues in foods has revealed that "FDA has had trouble finding any food that does not carry traces of the pesticide." This
- [Avila-Vazquez et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/avila-vazquez-et-al-2015/) - Medardo Avila-Vazquez, Agustina Etchegoyen, Eduardo Maturano and Luciana Ruderman, "Cancer and detrimental reproductive effects in an Argentine agricultural community environmentally exposed to glyphosate," The Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry, 2015, 15:3, DOI: 10.4024/09VA15A.jbpc.15.03 ABSTRACT: Argentina utilizes about 200 000 tonnes of glyphosate for its agriculture each year. People living near the fields treated with glyphosate often mention
- [Avila-Vazquez et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/avila-vazquez-et-al-2017/) - Medardo Avila-Vazquez, Eduardo Maturano, Agustina Etchegoyen, Flavia Silvina Difilippo, Bryan Maclean, "Association between Cancer and Environmental Exposure to Glyphosate," International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2017, 8:2, DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2017.82007 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay farm transgenic seeds glyphosate resistant. Argentina annually utilizes 240,000 tonnes of glyphosate in agriculture. A change in the profile of morbidity and mortality
- [Settimi et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/settimi-et-al-2008/) - Laura Settimi PhD Angela Spinelli MSc Laura Lauria MSc Giuseppe Miceli MD Nicoletta Pupp MD Giuliano Angotzi MD Aldo Fedi MD Serena Donati MD Lucia Miligi DSc John Osborn PhD Irene Figà‐Talamanca PhD, "Spontaneous abortion and maternal work in greenhouses," American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2008, 51:4, DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20556 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A positive association between maternal
- [Paz-y-Miño et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/paz-y-mino-et-al-2007/) - César Paz-y-Miño, María Eugenia Sánchez, Melissa Arévalo, María José Muñoz, Tania Witte, Gabriela Oleas De-la-Carrera, Paola E. LeoneI, "Evaluation of DNA damage in an Ecuadorian population exposed to glyphosate," Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2007, 30:2, DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572007000300026 ABSTRACT: We analyzed the consequences of aerial spraying with glyphosate added to a surfactant solution in the northern part of
- [Lebov et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lebov-et-al-2015/) - Jill F. Lebov, MSPH, PhD, Lawrence S. Engel, PhD, David Richardson, PhD, Susan L. Hogan, PhD, Jane A. Hoppin, ScD, and Dale P. Sandler, PhD, "Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study," Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016, 7, DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102615 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies suggest a relationship
- [Winston et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winston-et-al-2016/) - Jennifer J. Winston, Michael Emch, Robert E. Meyer, Peter Langlois, Peter Weyer, Bridget Mosley, Andrew F. Olshan, Lawrence E. Band, Thomas J. Luben and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, "Hypospadias and maternal exposure to atrazine via drinking water in the National Birth Defects Prevention study," Environmental Health, 15:76, DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0161-9 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hypospadias is a relatively common birth
- [Mattix et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mattix-et-al-2007/) - Mattix KD, Winchester PD, Scherer LR, "Incidence of abdominal wall defects is related to surface water atrazine and nitrate levels," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2007, 42:6, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.01.027 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis and omphalocele are congenital abdominal wall defects (AWD). Atrazine and nitrates are common agricultural fertilizers. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention natality data set was
- [Harari et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/harari-et-al-2010/) - Harari, Raul, Julvez, Jordi, Murata, Katsuyuki, Barr, Dana, Bellinger, David C., Debes, Frodi, & Grandjean, Philippe, "Neurobehavioral deficits and increased blood pressure in school-age children prenatally exposed to pesticides," Environmental Health Perspectives, 118, 890-896, 2010, doi:10.1289/ehp.0901582. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The long-term neurotoxicity risks caused by prenatal exposures to pesticides are unclear, but a previous pilot study
- [Mao et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mao-et-al-2018/) - Mao, Q., Manservisi, F., Panzacchi, S., Mandrioli, D., Menghetti, I., Vornoli, A., Bua, L., Falcioni, L., Lesseur, C., Chen, J., Belpoggi, F., & Hu, J., "The Ramazzini Institute 13-week pilot study on glyphosate and Roundup administered at human-equivalent dose to Sprague Dawley rats: effects on the microbiome," Environmental Health, 17(1), 50, 2018. doi:10.1186/s12940-018-0394-x. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate-based
- [Bradman et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradman-2003/) - Bradman A, Barr DB, Claus Henn BG, Drumheller T, Curry C, Eskenazi B, "Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003, 111:1779-1782. DOI:10.1289/ehp.6259. ABSTRACT: Prenatal pesticide exposures may adversely affect children's health. However, exposure and health research is hampered by
- [Klarich Wong et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/klarich-wong-et-al-2019/) - Klarich Wong, Kathryn L., Webb, Danielle T., Nagorzanski, Matthew R., Kolpin, Dana W., Hladik, Michelle L., Cwiertny, David M., & LeFevre, Gregory H., "Chlorinated Byproducts of Neonicotinoids and Their Metabolites: An Unrecognized Human Exposure Potential?," Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2019, 6(2), 98-105. DOI:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00706. ABSTRACT: We recently reported the initial discovery of neonicotinoid pesticides in
- [Payne et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/payne-et-al-2012/) - Payne, K, Andreotti, G., Bell, E., Blair, A., Coble, J., & Alavanja, M., "Determinants of high pesticide exposure events in the agricultural health cohort study from enrollment (1993-1997) through phase II (1999-2003)," Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2012, 18(3), 167-179. ABSTRACT: We conducted an analysis of the determinants of high pesticide exposure events (HPEEs),
- [Bell et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bell-et-al-2005/) - Bell, E.M., Sandler, D. P., & Alavanja, M. C., "High Pesticide Exposure Events Among Farmers and Spouses Enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2006, 12(2), 101-116. ABSTRACT: We completed a nested case-control analysis of factors associated with reporting a high pesticide exposure event (HPEE) by pesticide applicators and spouses
- [Wigle et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wigle-et-al-2008/) - Donald T. Wigle , Tye E. Arbuckle , Michelle C. Turner , Annie Bérubé , Qiuying Yang , Shiliang Liu & Daniel Krewski, "Epidemiologic Evidence of Relationships Between Reproductive and Child Health Outcomes and Environmental Chemical Contaminants," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 11, 2008, DOI: 10.1080/10937400801921320 ABSTRACT: This review summarizes the level of
- [Connolly et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/connolly-et-al-2019/) - Connolly, Alison, Coggins, Marie A, Galea, Karen S, Jones, Kate, Kenny, Laura, & McGowan, Padraic. "Evaluating Glyphosate Exposure Routes and Their Contribution to Total Body Burden: A Study Among Amenity Horticulturalists," Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2019, DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy104. . ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate determinants of dermal and inadvertent ingestion exposure and assess their
- [Cook, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cook-2019/) - Cook, Kara, "Glyphosate in Beer and Wine," 2019, CALPIRG Education Fund Report. SUMMARY: To explore how much Roundup we’re drinking, U.S. PIRG tested beer and wine for glyphosate/Roundup. As we’ve confirmed in this study, Roundup is found in beer and wine. This aligns with past studies on the topic, which found that glyphosate is found
- [EPA, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2018/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit Exposure Surrogate Reference Table," Office of Pesticide Programs, 2018, Available at: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/exposure-surrogate-reference-table-pesticide-risk. SUMMARY: The Exposure Surrogate Reference Table provides pesticide exposure information for risk assessment based on exposure scenarios, exposure routes and applicable personal protective equipment. FULL TEXT
- [Linhart et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/linhart-et-al-2021/) - Linhart, Caroline, Panzacchi, Simona, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Clausing, Peter, Zaller, Johann G., & Hertoge, Koen; "Year-round pesticide contamination of public sites near intensively managed agricultural areas in South Tyrol;" Environmental Sciences Europe, 2021, 33(1); DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00446-y. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we found that 45% of public playgrounds near intensively managed agricultural areas were contaminated
- [Calafat, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/calafat-2012/) - Calafat, A. M.; "The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and human exposure to environmental chemicals;" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2012, 215(2), 99-101; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.014. ABSTRACT: Researchers are increasingly interested in using human biomonitoring - the measurement of chemicals, their metabolites or specific reaction products in biological specimens/body fluids - for
- [Rueda-Ruzafa et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rueda-ruzafa-et-al-2019/) - Rueda-Ruzafa, L., Cruz, F., Roman, P., & Cardona, D.; "Gut microbiota and neurological effects of glyphosate;" NeuroToxicology, 2019, 75, 1-8; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.006. ABSTRACT: There are currently various concerns regarding certain environmental toxins and the possible impact they can have on developmental diseases. Glyphosate (Gly) is the most utilised herbicide in agriculture, although its widespread use
- [Tang et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tang-et-al-2021/) - Tang, Fiona H. M., Lenzen, Manfred, McBratney, Alexander, & Maggi, Federico; "Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale;" Nature Geoscience, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00712-5. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are widely used to protect food production and meet global food demand but are also ubiquitous environmental pollutants, causing adverse effects on water quality, biodiversity and human health. Here
- [Gorga et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gorga-et-al-2021/) - Gorga, A., Rindone, G. M., Centola, C. L., Sobarzo, C. M., Pellizzari, E. H., Camberos, M. D. C., Marin-Briggiler, C. I., Cohen, D. J., Riera, M. F., Galardo, M. N., & Meroni, S. B.; "Low Doses of Glyphosate/Roundup Alter Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity in Juvenile Rats;" Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2021, 12, 615678; DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615678. ABSTRACT: It
- [Tang et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tang-et-al-2021-2/) - Tang, J., Wang, W., Jiang, Y., & Chu, W.; "Diazinon exposure produces histological damage, oxidative stress, immune disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio);" Environmental Pollution, 2021, 269, 116129; DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116129. ABSTRACT: Diazinon is a common organophosphate pesticide widely used to control parasitic infections in agriculture. Excessive use of diazinon can
- [Heemstra, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/heemstra-2020/) - Heemstra, J. M.; "A Scientist's Guide to Social Media;" ACS Central Science, 2020, 6(1), 1-5; DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01273. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Levine et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/levine-et-al-2017/) - Levine, H., Jorgensen, N., Martino-Andrade, A., Mendiola, J., Weksler-Derri, D., Mindlis, I., Pinotti, R., & Swan, S. H.; "Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis;" Human Reproduction Update, 2017, 23(6), 646-659; DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx022. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Reported declines in sperm counts remain controversial today and recent trends are unknown. A definitive meta-analysis
- [Pisa et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pisa-et-al-2015/) - Pisa, L. W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L. P., Bonmatin, J. M., Downs, C. A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D. P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C. A., Noome, D. A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J. D., Van der Sluijs, J. P., Van Dyck, H., & Wiemers, M.; "Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on
- [Schlappi et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schlappi-et-al-2020/) - Schlappi, D., Kettler, N., Straub, L., Glauser, G., & Neumann, P.; "Long-term effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on ants;" Communications Biology, 2020, 3(1), 335; DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1066-2. ABSTRACT: The widespread prophylactic usage of neonicotinoid insecticides has a clear impact on non-target organisms. However, the possible effects of long-term exposure on soil-dwelling organisms are still poorly understood especially
- [Riter et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/riter-et-al-2020/) - Riter, L. S., Sall, E. D., Pai, N., Beachum, C. E., & Orr, T. B.; "Quantifying Dicamba Volatility under Field Conditions: Part I, Methodology;" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(8), 2277-2285; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06451. ABSTRACT: Quantitative assessment of the volatility of field applied herbicides requires orchestrated sampling logistics, robust analytical methods, and sophisticated modeling
- [Qi et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/qi-et-al-2020/) - Qi, M., Huo, J., Li, Z., He, C., Li, D., Wang, Y., Vasylieva, N., Zhang, J., & Hammock, B. D.; "On-spot quantitative analysis of dicamba in field waters using a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip with smartphone imaging;" Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2020, 412(25), 6995-7006; DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02833-z. ABSTRACT: Dicamba herbicide is increasingly used in the world,
- [Oseland et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/oseland-et-al-2020/) - Oseland, E., Bish, M., Steckel, L., & Bradley, K.; "Identification of environmental factors that influence the likelihood of off-target movement of dicamba;" Pest Management Science, 2020, 76(9), 3282-3291; DOI: 10.1002/ps.5887. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean and cotton and subsequent post-emergence applications of dicamba contributed to at least 1.4 and 0.5 million hectares of dicamba-injured
- [Sharma and Peshin, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sharma-and-peshin-2016/) - Sharma, Rakesh, & Peshin, Rajinder; "Impact of integrated pest management of vegetables on pesticide use in subtropical Jammu, India;" Crop Protection, 2016, 84, 105-112; DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.02.014. ABSTRACT: In a study at the subtropical vegetable-growing areas of the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group was employed to
- [Bohnenblust et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bohnenblust-et-al-2016/) - Bohnenblust, E. W., Vaudo, A. D., Egan, J. F., Mortensen, D. A., & Tooker, J. F.; "Effects of the herbicide dicamba on nontarget plants and pollinator visitation;" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016, 35(1), 144-151; DOI: 10.1002/etc.3169. ABSTRACT: Nearly 80% of all pesticides applied to row crops are herbicides, and these applications pose potentially significant ecotoxicological
- [Mariyono, 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mariyono-2008/) - Mariyono, Joko; "Direct and indirect impacts of integrated pest management on pesticide use: a case of rice agriculture in Java, Indonesia;" Pest Management Science, 2008, 64(10), 1069-1073; DOI:10.1002/ps.1602. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Integrated pest management (IPM) technology has been disseminated since 1989 in Indonesia to cut down pesticide use, but the adoption and diffusion of the technology
- [Potera, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/potera-2015/) - Potera, C.; "Tracking organophosphates: new method for assessing long-term dietary exposures;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015, 123(5), A135; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.123-A135. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Blair et al., 1992](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/blair-et-al-1992/) - Blair, A., Zahm, S. H., Pearce, N. E., Heineman, E. F., & Fraumeni, J. F., Jr.; "Clues to cancer etiology from studies of farmers;" Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, 1992, 18(4), 209-215; DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.1578. ABSTRACT: This article summarizes cancer risks among farmers to clarify the magnitude of the problem and to suggest directions
- [Blair and Zahm, 1993](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/blair-and-zahm-1993/) - Blair, A., & Zahm, S. H.; "Patterns of pesticide use among farmers: implications for epidemiologic research;" Epidemiology, 1993, 4(1), 55-62; DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199301000-00011. ABSTRACT: Epidemiologic studies of farmers have linked pesticides with certain cancers. Information on exposures from many of these studies was obtained by interview of farmers or their next-of-kin. The reliability and validity of
- [Alavanja et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alavanja-et-al-2004-2/) - Alavanja, M. C., Hoppin, J. A., & Kamel, F.; "Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure: cancer and neurotoxicity;" Annual review of public health, 2004, 25, 155-197; DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123020. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are widely used in agricultural and other settings, resulting in continuing human exposure. Epidemiologic studies indicate that, despite premarket animal testing, current exposures are associated
- [Mesnage et al., 2021B](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2021-2/) - Mesnage, R., Teixeira, M., Mandrioli, D., Falcioni, L., Ibragim, M., Ducarmon, Q. R., Zwittink, R. D., Amiel, C., Panoff, J. M., Bourne, E., Savage, E., Mein, C. A., Belpoggi, F., & Antoniou, M. N.; "Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats;" Communications Biology, 2021, 4(1), 471;
- [Toda et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/toda-et-al-2021/) - Toda, Mitsuru, Beer, Karlyn D., Kuivila, Kathryn M., Chiller, Tom M., & Jackson, Brendan R.; "Trends in Agricultural Triazole Fungicide Use in the United States, 1992–2016 and Possible Implications for Antifungal-Resistant Fungi in Human Disease;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2021, 129(5); DOI: 10.1289/ehp7484. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is the leading cause of
- [Coullery et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/coullery-et-al-2020/) - Coullery, R., Pacchioni, A. M., & Rosso, S. B.; "Exposure to glyphosate during pregnancy induces neurobehavioral alterations and downregulation of Wnt5a-CaMKII pathway;" Reproductive Toxicology, 2020, 96, 390-398; DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.006. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based formulations are the most popular herbicide used around the world. These herbicides are widely applied in agriculture to control weeds on genetically modified crops.
- [Franke et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/franke-et-al-2021/) - Franke, Adrian A., Li, Xingnan, Shvetsov, Yurii B., & Lai, Jennifer F.; "Pilot study on the urinary excretion of the glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort study;" Environmental Pollution, 2021, 277, 116848; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116848. ABSTRACT: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer and the second leading cause of
- [Ganesan and Keating, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ganesan-and-keating-2020/) - Ganesan, S., & Keating, A. F.; "Ovarian mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins are altered by glyphosate exposure in mice;" Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2020, 402, 115116; DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115116. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (GLY) usage for weed control is extensive. To investigate ovarian impacts of chronic GLY exposure, female C57BL6 mice were orally administered saline as vehicle control
- [Kogevinas, 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kogevinas-2021/) - Kogevinas, M.; "Glyphosate Exposure during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth (More Research Is Needed);" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2021, 129(5), 51301; DOI: 10.1289/EHP9428. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [LaCanne and Lundgren, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lacanne-and-lundgren-2018/) - LaCanne, C. E., & Lundgren, J. G.; "Regenerative agriculture: merging farming and natural resource conservation profitably;" PeerJ, 2018, 6, e4428; DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4428. ABSTRACT: Most cropland in the United States is characterized by large monocultures, whose productivity is maintained through a strong reliance on costly tillage, external fertilizers, and pesticides (Schipanski et al., 2016). Despite this,
- [Silver et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/silver-et-al-2021/) - Silver, M. K., Fernandez, J., Tang, J., McDade, A., Sabino, J., Rosario, Z., Velez Vega, C., Alshawabkeh, A., Cordero, J. F., & Meeker, J. D.; "Prenatal Exposure to Glyphosate and Its Environmental Degradate, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA), and Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study in the PROTECT Cohort (Puerto Rico);" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2021, 129(5), 57011;
- [Ferguson et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ferguson-et-al-2019/) - Ferguson, K. K., Rosario, Z., McElrath, T. F., Velez Vega, C., Cordero, J. F., Alshawabkeh, A., & Meeker, J. D.; "Demographic risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in Puerto Rico in the PROTECT cohort;" Plos One, 2019, 14(6), e0217770; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217770. ABSTRACT: Preterm birth is a major public health problem, especially in Puerto Rico where
- [Schipanski et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schipanski-et-al-2016/) - Schipanski, Meagan E., MacDonald, Graham K., Rosenzweig, Steven, Chappell, M. Jahi, Bennett, Elena M., Kerr, Rachel Bezner, Blesh, Jennifer, Crews, Timothy, Drinkwater, Laurie, Lundgren, Jonathan G., & Schnarr, Cassandra; "Realizing Resilient Food Systems;" BioScience, 2016, 66(7), 600-610; DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw052. ABSTRACT: Food systems are under increasing pressure to produce sufficient food for the global population, decrease
- [Crump et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/crump-et-al-2021/) - Crump, Casey, Groves, Alan, Sundquist, Jan, & Sundquist, Kristina; "Association of Preterm Birth With Long-term Risk of Heart Failure Into Adulthood;" JAMA Pediatrics, 2021, 175(7), 689-697; DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0131. ABSTRACT: Preterm birth has been associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) early in life, but its association with new-onset HF in adulthood appears to be
- [Benbrook et al., 2021a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-et-al-2021a/) - Benbrook, Charles, Perry, Melissa J., Belpoggi, Fiorella, Landrigan, Philip J., Perro, Michelle, Mandrioli, Daniele, Antoniou, Michael N., Winchester, Paul, & Mesnage, Robin; "Commentary: Novel strategies and new tools to curtail the health effects of pesticides;" Environmental Health, 2021, 20(1); DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00773-4. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Flaws in the science supporting pesticide risk assessment and regulation stand in
- [Benbrook and Benbrook, 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-and-benbrook-2021/) - Benbrook, Charles, & Benbrook, Rachel (2021). "A minimum data set for tracking changes in pesticide use." In R. Mesnage & J. Zaller (Eds.), Herbicides: Elsevier and RTI Press. ABSTRACT: A frequently asked but deceptively simple question often arises about pesticide use on a given farm or crop: Is pesticide use going up, down, or staying
- [Henderson et al., 1993](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/henderson-et-al-1993/) - Henderson, P. T., Brouwer, D. H., Opdam, J. J., Stevenson, H., & Stouten, J. T.; "Risk assessment for worker exposure to agricultural pesticides: review of a workshop;" Annals of Occupational Hygeine, 1993, 37(5), 499-507; DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/37.5.499. INTRODUCTION: Pesticides are unusual among occupational chemical hazards, because they are designed to injure or to kill living organisms
- [Chester, 1993](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chester-1993/) - Chester, G.; "Evaluation of agricultural worker exposure to, and absorption of, pesticides;" Annals of Occupational Hygeine, 1993, 37(5), 509-523; DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/37.5.509. ABSTRACT: The evaluation of the occupational exposure of agricultural workers to pesticides is an integral part of the risk assessment for product safety and regulatory purposes. At present, there is no internationally accepted, harmonized
- [Nolan et al., 1984](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nolan-et-al-1984/) - Nolan, R. J., Rick, D. L., Freshour, N. L., & Saunders, J. H.; "Chlorpyrifos: Pharmacokinetics in human volunteers;" Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1984, 73(1), 8-15; DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(84)90046-2. ABSTRACT: The kinetics of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorothioate insecticide, and its principal metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP), were investigated in six healthy male volunteers given a single 0.5 mg/kg po and,
- [Schulz et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schulz-et-al-2021/) - Schulz, R., Bub, S., Petschick, L. L., Stehle, S., & Wolfram, J.; "Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops;" Science, 2021, 372(6537), 81-84; DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1148. ABSTRACT: Pesticide impacts are usually discussed in the context of applied amounts while disregarding the large but environmentally relevant variations in substance-specific toxicity. Here, we
- [Vilà et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vila-et-al-2021/) - Vilà, Montserrat, Beaury, Evelyn M., Blumenthal, Dana M., Bradley, Bethany A., Early, Regan, Laginhas, Brittany B., Trillo, Alejandro, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Sorte, Cascade J. B., & Ibáñez, Inés; "Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops;" Environmental Research Letters, 2021, 16(3); DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abe14b. ABSTRACT: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which
- [Ziska, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ziska-2016/) - Ziska, Lewis H.; "The role of climate change and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on weed management: Herbicide efficacy;" Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 231, 304-309; DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.014. ABSTRACT: Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide [CO2] and a changing climate will almost certainly affect weed biology and demographics with consequences for crop productivity. The extent of such
- [Casey et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/casey-et-al-2004/) - Casey, Michelle M., Blewett, Lynn A., & Call, Kathleen T.; "Providing Health Care to Latino Immigrants: Community-Based Efforts in the Rural Midwest;" American Journal of Public Health, 2004, 94(10), 1709-1711; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1709. ABSTRACT: We examined case studies of 3 rural Midwestern communities to assess local health care systems response to rapidly growing Latino populations. Currently,
- [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/11196/) - The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; "Health Disparities in Rural Women;" Committee Opinion, 2014, 586. ABSTRACT: Rural women experience poorer health outcomes and have less access to health care than urban women. Many rural areas have limited numbers of health care providers, especially women’s health providers. Rural America is heterogeneous where problems vary depending
- [Blewett et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/blewett-et-al-2004/) - Blewett, Lynn A., Casey, Michelle M., & Call, Kathleen T.; "Improving Access to Primary Care for a Growing Latino Population: The Role of Safety Net Providers in the Rural Midwest;" Health Services Safety Net, 2004, Summer 2004. ABSTRACT: Context: Many rural Midwestern communities are experiencing rapid growth in Latino populations with low rates of health
- [Bloom et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bloom-et-al-2012/) - Bloom, T. L., Bullock, L. F., & Parsons, L.; "Rural pregnant women's stressors and priorities for stress reduction;" Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2012, 33(12), 813-819; DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2012.712087. ABSTRACT: Rural residence and maternal stress are risk factors for adverse maternal-child health outcomes across the globe, but rural women have been largely overlooked in maternal stress
- [Diepietro Mager, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/diepietro-mager-2020/) - DiPietro Mager, Natalie Ann. (2020). Preconception and Interconception Health and Routine Health Service Use Among Women in a Rural Midwestern County (Doctor of Philosophy), Indiana University. ABSTRACT: Advancement of preconception and interconception health is a key element to improve women’s health as well as pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about the preconception and interconception health
- [Zahnd et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zahnd-et-al-2009/) - Zahnd, W. E., Scaife, S. L., & Francis, M. L.; "Health literacy skills in rural and urban populations;" American Journal of Health Behavior, 2009, 33(5), 550-557; DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.33.5.8. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether health literacy is lower in rural populations. METHOD: We analyzed health, prose, document, and quantitative literacy from the National Assessment of Adult
- [Villapiano et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/11166/) - Villapiano, N., Iwashyna, T. J., & Davis, M. M.; "Worsening Rural-Urban Gap in Hospital Mortality;" Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2017, 30(6), 816-823; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.06.170137. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: One out of every 5 Americans live in rural communities. Rural Americans have higher rates of early and preventable deaths outside of the hospital than
- [Harris et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/harris-et-al-2015/) - Harris, DE, Aboueissa, N Baugh, & Sarton, C; "Impact of rurality on maternal and infant health indicators and outcomes in Maine;" Rural and Remote Health, 2015, 15(3278). ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Rural residents may face health challenges related to geographic barriers to care, physician shortages, poverty, lower educational attainment, and other demographic factors. In maternal and child
- [Luke et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/luke-et-al-2021/) - Luke, A. A., Huang, K., Lindley, K. J., Carter, E. B., & Joynt Maddox, K. E.; "Severe Maternal Morbidity, Race, and Rurality: Trends Using the National Inpatient Sample, 2012-2017;" J Womens Health (Larchmt), 2021, 30(6), 837-847; DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8606. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Severe maternal morbidity is related to maternal mortality and an important measure of maternal health
- [Mwangi and Constance-Higgins, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mwangi-and-constance-higgins-2017/) - Mwangi, E. Wairimu, & Constance-Huggins, Monique; "Intersectionality and Black Women’s Health: Making Room for Rurality;" Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2017, 30(1), 11-24; DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2017.1399037. ABSTRACT: Black women have poorer health compared to their White counterparts in a range of health outcomes, including breast cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and heart disease. The health disparities literature has
- [Askelson et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/askelson-et-al-2020/) - Askelson, N., Ryan, G., Pieper, F., Bash-Brooks, W., Rasmusson, A., Greene, M., & Buckert, A.; "Perspectives on Implementation: Challenges and Successes of a Program Designed to Support Expectant and Parenting Community College Students in Rural, Midwestern State;" Maternal Child Health Journal, 2020, 24(Suppl 2), 152-162; DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02879-6. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Expectant and parenting students (EPS) at
- [Maurice et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/maurice-et-al-2021/) - Maurice C, Dalvai M, Lambrot R, Deschênes A, Scott-Boyer M-P, McGraw S, Chan D, Côté N, Ziv-Gal A, Flaws JA, Droit A, Trasler J, Kimmins S, Bailey JL. "Early-Life Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Perturbs the Sperm Epigenome and Induces Negative Pregnancy Outcomes for Three Generations via the Paternal Lineage." Epigenomes. 2021, 5(2):10; DOI:10.3390/epigenomes5020010 ABSTRACT: Due
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- [Messina and Goodis, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/messina-and-goodis-2020/) - Messina, Edward & Goodis, Mike; "Overview of EPA's Pesticide Program"; Presented at the Farm, Ranch, and Rural Communities Committee Meeting; November 13, 2020. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Background Office of Pesticide Programs Structure and Responsibilities Pesticide Legislation Pesticide Registration and Registration Review Process Risk Assessment, Risk Characterization, and Risk Management Public Involvement Collaboration
- [Mnif et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mnif-et-al-2011/) - Mnif W, Hassine AI, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. "Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011 Jun;8(6):2265-303. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8062265. ABSTRACT: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans. A huge number
- [Lee et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lee-et-al-2017/) - Lee KM, Park SY, Lee K, Oh SS, Ko SB. "Pesticide metabolite and oxidative stress in male farmers exposed to pesticide." Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2017 Feb 28;29:5, DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0162-3. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and isoprostane which has been used as an index of lipid
- [Ledda et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ledda-et-al-2021/) - Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. "Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides." Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 2021 Jan 7;16(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can
- [Costello et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/costello-et-al-2009/) - Costello S, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Zhang X, Ritz B; "Parkinson's disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California." American Journal of Epidemiology. 2009 Apr 15;169(8):919-26. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp006. ABSTRACT: Evidence from animal and cell models suggests that pesticides cause a neurodegenerative process leading to Parkinson's disease
- [Abou et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/abou-et-al-2020/) - Abou Ghayda R, Sergeyev O, Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Smigulina L, Dikov Y, Hauser R, Mínguez-Alarcón L; "Russian Children's Study. Peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and semen parameters in Russian young men." Environment International. 2020 Nov;144:106085. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106085. ABSTRACT: Background: Epidemiologic literature on the relation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with semen quality
- [Liu adn Schelar, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/liu-adn-schelar-2012/) - Liu, J., & Schelar, E.; "Pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment: summary and implications;" Workplace Health and Safety, 2012, 60(5), 235-242; quiz 243; DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20120426-73 ABSTRACT: Widely used around the world, pesticides play an important role in protecting health, crops, and property. However, pesticides may also have detrimental effects on human health, with young children among
- [Aylward et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/aylward-et-al-2010/) - Aylward, Lesa L., Morgan, Marsha K., Arbuckle, Tye E., Barr, Dana B., Burns, Carol J., Alexander, Bruce H., & Hays, Sean M.; "Biomonitoring data for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the United States and Canada: Interpretation in a public health risk assessment context using biomonitoring equivalents;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118, 177-181; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900970. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Several
- [Rappazzo et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rappazzo-et-al-2018/) - Rappazzo, K. M., Warren, J. L., Davalos, A. D., Meyer, R. E., Sanders, A. P., Brownstein, N. C., & Luben, T. J.; "Maternal residential exposure to specific agricultural pesticide active ingredients and birth defects in a 2003-2005 North Carolina birth cohort;" Birth Defects Research, 2018; DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1448. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previously we observed elevated odds ratios
- [Rauh et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rauh-et-al-2012/) - Rauh, V. A., Perera, F. P., Horton, M. K., Whyatt, R. M., Bansal, R., Hao, X., Liu, J., Barr, D. B., Slotkin, T. A., & Peterson, B. S.; "Brain anomalies in children exposed prenatally to a common organophosphate pesticide;" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(20), 7871-7876; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203396109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547821. ABSTRACT: Prenatal exposure
- [Rauh et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rauh-et-al-2011/) - Rauh, Virginia, Arunajadai, Srikesh, Horton, Megan, Perera, Frederica, Hoepner, Lori, Barr, Dana B, & Whyatt, Robin; "Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, 119(8), 1196-1201; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003160. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In a longitudinal birth cohort study of inner-city mothers and children (Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health),
- [Smith et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-et-al-2017/) - Smith, A. M., Smith, M. T., La Merrill, M. A., Liaw, J., & Steinmaus, C.; "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis accounting for exposure levels;" Annals of Epidemiology, 2017, 27(4), 281-289 e284; DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.03.003. ABSTRACT: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most commonly used selective herbicides in the world. A
- [Burns and Swaen, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/burns-and-swaen-2012/) - Burns, C. J., & Swaen, G. M.; "Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology;" Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2012, 42(9), 768-786; DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.710576. ABSTRACT: A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders
- [Bailey, 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bailey-2004/) - Bailey, S. W.; "Climate change and decreasing herbicide persistence;" Pest Management Science, 2004, 60(2), 158-162; DOI: 10.1002/ps.785. ABSTRACT: A herbicide degradation model, using real weather data for the period 1980-2001, has been used to estimate the change in persistence of autumn-applied isoproturon over this period. The results suggest that soil residues fell to the minimum
- [Cosemans et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cosemans-et-al-2021/) - Cosemans, C., Van Larebeke, N., Janssen, B. G., Martens, D. S., Baeyens, W., Bruckers, L., Den Hond, E., Coertjens, D., Nelen, V., Schoeters, G., Hoppe, H. W., Wolfs, E., Smeets, K., Nawrot, T. S., & Plusquin, M.; "Glyphosate and AMPA exposure in relation to markers of biological aging in an adult population-based study;" International Journal
- [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/agency-for-toxic-substances-and-disease-registry-2020/) - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Toxicological Profile for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)," 2020. FULL TEXT
- [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2020b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/agency-for-toxic-substances-and-disease-registry-2020b/) - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Toxicological Profile for Glyphosate," 2020. FULL TEXT
- [Mesnage et al., 2021D](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2021/) - Robin Mesnage, Mariam Ibragim, Daniele Mandrioli, Laura Falcioni, Eva Tibaldi, Fiorella Belpoggi, Inger Brandsma, Emma Bourne, Emanuel Savage, Charles A Mein, Michael N Antoniou; "Comparative Toxicogenomics of Glyphosate and Roundup Herbicides by Mammalian Stem Cell-Based Genotoxicity Assays and Molecular Profiling in Sprague-Dawley Rats", Toxicological Sciences, 2021; DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab143. ABSTRACT: Whether glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are more
- [Hart et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hart-et-al-2005/) - Hart, L. G., Larson, E. H., & Lishner, D. M.; "Rural definitions for health policy and research;" American Journal of Public Health, 2005, 95(7), 1149-1155; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.042432. ABSTRACT: The term "rural" suggests many things to many people, such as agricultural landscapes, isolation, small towns, and low population density. However, defining "rural" for health policy and
- [Harris et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/harris-et-al-2010/) - Harris, S. A., Villeneuve, P. J., Crawley, C. D., Mays, J. E., Yeary, R. A., Hurto, K. A., & Meeker, J. D.; "National study of exposure to pesticides among professional applicators: an investigation based on urinary biomarkers;" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58(18), 10253-10261; DOI: 10.1021/jf101209g. ABSTRACT: Epidemiologic studies of pesticides have been
- [Shealy et al., 1996](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/11261/) - Shealy, Dana B., Bonin, Michael A., Wooten, Joe V., Ashley, David L., Needham, Larry L., & Bond, Andrew E.; "Application of an improved method for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in the urine of farmer applicators and their families;" Environment International, 1996, 22(6), 661-675; DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00058-x. ABSTRACT: As the annual use of pesticides
- [Jugulam et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jugulam-et-al-2018/) - Jugulam, Mithila, Varanasi, Aruna K., Varanasi, Vijaya K., & Prasad, P. V. V. (2018). Climate Change Influence on Herbicide Efficacy and Weed Management. In S. S. Yadav, R. J. Redden, J. L. Hatfield, A. W. Ebert, & D. Hunter (Eds.), Food Security and Climate Change (First ed., pp. 433-448): John Wiley & Sons Ltd. INTRODUCTION:
- [Ziska, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ziska-2020/) - Ziska, Lewis H.; "Climate Change and the Herbicide Paradigm: Visiting the Future;" Agronomy, 2020, 10(12); DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10121953. ABSTRACT: Weeds are recognized globally as a major constraint to crop production and food security. In recent decades, that constraint has been minimized through the extensive use of herbicides in conjunction with genetically modified resistant crops. However, as
- [Chodhury & Saha, 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chodhury-saha-2021/) - Choudhury, P. P., & Saha, S.; "Dynamics of pesticides under changing climatic scenario;" Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021, 192(Suppl 1), 814; DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08719-y. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Delcour et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/delcour-et-al-2015/) - Delcour, Ilse, Spanoghe, Pieter, & Uyttendaele, Mieke; "Literature review: Impact of climate change on pesticide use;" Food Research International, 2015, 68, 7-15; DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.030. ABSTRACT: Agricultural yields strongly depend on crop protection measures. The main purpose of pesticide use is to increase food security, with a secondary goal being increased standard of living. In view
- [Rauh et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rauh-et-al-2012-2/) - Rauh, V. A., Perera, F. P., Horton, M. K., Whyatt, R. M., Bansal, R., Hao, X., Liu, J., Barr, D. B., Slotkin, T. A., & Peterson, B. S.; "Brain anomalies in children exposed prenatally to a common organophosphate pesticide;" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(20), 7871-7876; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203396109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547821. ABSTRACT: Prenatal exposure
- [Rauh et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rauh-et-al-2011-2/) - Rauh, Virginia, Arunajadai, Srikesh, Horton, Megan, Perera, Frederica, Hoepner, Lori, Barr, Dana B, & Whyatt, Robin; "Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, 119(8), 1196-1201; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003160. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In a longitudinal birth cohort study of inner-city mothers and children (Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health),
- [Rappazzo et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rappazzo-et-al-2018-2/) - Rappazzo, K. M., Warren, J. L., Davalos, A. D., Meyer, R. E., Sanders, A. P., Brownstein, N. C., & Luben, T. J.; "Maternal residential exposure to specific agricultural pesticide active ingredients and birth defects in a 2003-2005 North Carolina birth cohort;" Birth Defects Research, 2018; DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1448. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previously we observed elevated odds ratios
- [Jugulam et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jugulam-et-al-2018-2/) - Jugulam, Mithila, Varanasi, Aruna K., Varanasi, Vijaya K., & Prasad, P. V. V. (2018). Climate Change Influence on Herbicide Efficacy and Weed Management. In S. S. Yadav, R. J. Redden, J. L. Hatfield, A. W. Ebert, & D. Hunter (Eds.), Food Security and Climate Change (First ed., pp. 433-448): John Wiley & Sons Ltd. INTRODUCTION:
- [Ziska, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ziska-2016-2/) - Ziska, Lewis H.; "The role of climate change and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on weed management: Herbicide efficacy;" Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 231, 304-309; DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.014. ABSTRACT: Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide [CO2] and a changing climate will almost certainly affect weed biology and demographics with consequences for crop productivity. The extent of such
- [Liebman and Gallandt, 1997](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/liebman-and-gallandt-1997/) - Matt Liebman and Eric Gallandt, "Many Little Hammers: Ecological Management of Crop-Weed Interactions," In Ecology and Agriculture," Ed: L.E. Jackson, 1997, Academic Press. SUMMARY: This is the first introduction of the phrase "many little hammers" to describe what is now known as integrated weed management, or IWM. IWM relies on using a diverse assortment of weed
- [Mesnage et al., 2021A](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2021a/) - Mesnage, R, Teixeira, M, Mandrioli, D., Falcioni, L., Ducarmon, QR, Zwittink, RD, Mazzacuva, F, Caldwell, A, Halket, J, Amiel, C., Panoff, J. , Belpoggi, F., & Antoniou, MN; "Use of shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics to evaluate the impact of glyphosate or Roundup MON 52276 on the gut microbiota and serum metabolome of Sprague-Dawley rats;" Environmental
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- [Lamichhane, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lamichhane-2017/) - Lamichhane, Jay Ram; "Pesticide use and risk reduction in European farming systems with IPM: An introduction to the special issue;" Crop Protection, 2017, 97, 1-6; DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.017. ABSTRACT: Not available. FULL TEXT
- [Epstein and Zhang, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epstein-and-zhang-2014/) - Epstein, Lynn, & Zhang, Minghua. (2014). The Impact of Integrated Pest Management Programs on Pesticide Use in California, USA. In R. Peshin & D. Pimentel (Eds.), Integrated Pest Management (pp. 173-200): Springer. ABSTRACT: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is often promoted to farmers as a method that can provide the most economical, sustained disease and pest
- [Zhang et al., 2019b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2019b/) - Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Reddy, K. N., & Wang, B.; "Assessing crop damage from dicamba on non-dicamba-tolerant soybean by hyperspectral imaging through machine learning;" Pest Management Science, 2019, 75(12), 3260-3272; DOI: 10.1002/ps.5448. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dicamba effectively controls several broadleaf weeds. The off-target drift of dicamba spray or vapor drift can cause severe injury to susceptible
- [Zhang et al., 2019a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2019a/) - Zhang, Luoping, Rana, Iemaan, Shaffer, Rachel M., Taioli, Emanuela, & Sheppard, Lianne, "Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicides and Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis and Supporting Evidence," Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, In Press, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.001. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most widely used broad-spectrum systemic herbicide in the world. Recent evaluations of the carcinogenic potential of
- [Cuyno, 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cuyno-2001/) - Cuyno, L.; "Economic analysis of environmental benefits of integrated pest management: a Philippine case study;" Agricultural Economics, 2001, 25(2-3), 227-233; DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00203.x. ABSTRACT: Health and environmental concerns associated with pesticide use have motivated the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs around the world. Little empirical work has been completed to estimate the value of
- [Baker et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/baker-et-al-2019/) - Baker, S. E., Serafim, A. B., Morales-Agudelo, P., Vidal, M., Calafat, A. M., & Ospina, M.; "Quantification of DEET and neonicotinoid pesticide biomarkers in human urine by online solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry;" Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2019, 411(3), 669-678; DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1481-0. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used replacements for organophosphate and carbamate
- [Sheppard et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sheppard-et-al-2020/) - Sheppard, L., McGrew, S., & Fenske, R. A.; "Flawed analysis of an intentional human dosing study and its impact on chlorpyrifos risk assessments;" Environment International, 2020, 143, 105905; DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105905. ABSTRACT: In March 1972, Frederick Coulston and colleagues at the Albany Medical College reported results of an intentional chlorpyrifos dosing study to the study's sponsor,
- [Leino et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/leino-et-al-2020/) - Leino, L., Tall, T., Helander, M., Saloniemi, I., Saikkonen, K., Ruuskanen, S., & Puigbo, P.; "Classification of the glyphosate target enzyme (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) for assessing sensitivity of organisms to the herbicide;" Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 124556; DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124556. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most common broad-spectrum herbicide. It targets the key enzyme of the shikimate
- [Zhang et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2021/) - Zhang, H., Liu, J., Wang, L., & Zhai, Z.; "Glyphosate escalates horizontal transfer of conjugative plasmid harboring antibiotic resistance genes;" Bioengineered, 2021, 12(1), 63-69; DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1862995. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate has been frequently detected in water environments because of the wide use for controlling weed in farm lands and urban areas. Presently, the focus of the majority
- [Santos et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/santos-et-al-2020/) - Santos, J. S., Pontes, M. S., Santiago, E. F., Fiorucci, A. R., & Arruda, G. J.; "An efficient and simple method using a graphite oxide electrochemical sensor for the determination of glyphosate in environmental samples;" Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 749, 142385; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142385. ABSTRACT: Excessive and indiscriminate use of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY)
- [Qu et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/qu-et-al-2021/) - Qu, R. Y., He, B., Yang, J. F., Lin, H. Y., Yang, W. C., Wu, Q. Y., Li, Q. X., & Yang, G. F.; "Where are the New Herbicides?;" Pest Management Science, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/ps.6285. ABSTRACT: Herbicide resistance has become one of the foremost problems in crop production worldwide. New herbicides are required to manage
- [Masood et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/masood-et-al-2021/) - Masood, M. I., Naseem, M., Warda, S. A., Tapia-Laliena, M. A., Rehman, H. U., Nasim, M. J., & Schafer, K. H.; "Environment permissible concentrations of glyphosate in drinking water can influence the fate of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse;" Environmental Pollution, 2021, 270, 116179; DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116179. ABSTRACT: The developing
- [Lopez-Castanos et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lopez-castanos-et-al-2020/) - Lopez-Castanos, K. A., Ortiz-Frade, L. A., Mendez, E., Quiroga-Gonzalez, E., Gonzalez-Fuentes, M. A., & Mendez-Albores, A.; "Indirect Quantification of Glyphosate by SERS Using an Incubation Process With Hemin as the Reporter Molecule: A Contribution to Signal Amplification Mechanism;" Frontiers in Chemistry, 2020, 8, 612076; DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612076. ABSTRACT: The indirect determination of the most used herbicide
- [Klingelhöfer et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/klingelhofer-et-al-2020/) - Klingelhöfer, D., Braun, M., Brüggmann, D., & Groneberg, D. A.; "Glyphosate: How do ongoing controversies, market characteristics, and funding influence the global research landscape?;" Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 765, 144271; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144271. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a systemic broad-spectrum herbicide that is by now the most extensively used herbicide in the world and has
- [Guan et al., 2021](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/guan-et-al-2021/) - Guan, J., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Deng, H., Xu, J., Wang, J., & Yuan, M. S.; "Employing a fluorescent and colorimetric picolyl-functionalized rhodamine for the detection of glyphosate pesticide;" Talanta, 2021, 224, 121834; DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121834. ABSTRACT: The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among
- [Abdel-Halim and Osman, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/abdel-halim-and-osman-2020/) - Abdel-Halim, K. Y., & Osman, S. R.; "Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Responses of Imidacloprid and Glyphosate in Human Prostate Epithelial WPM-Y.1 Cell Line;" Journal of Toxicology, 2020, 2020, 4364650; DOI: 10.1155/2020/4364650. ABSTRACT: Insecticide imidacloprid and herbicide glyphosate have a broad spectrum of applicable use in the agricultural sector of Egypt. Their ability to induce in
- [Soltani et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/soltani-et-al-2020/) - Soltani, Nader, Oliveira, Maxwel C., Alves, Guilherme S., Werle, Rodrigo, Norsworthy, Jason K., Sprague, Christy L., Young, Bryan G., Reynolds, Daniel B., Brown, Ashli, & Sikkema, Peter H.; "Off-target movement assessment of dicamba in North America;" Weed Technology, 2020, 34(3), 318-330; DOI: 10.1017/wet.2020.17. ABSTRACT: Six experiments were conducted in 2018 on field sites located in
- [Attina et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/attina-et-al-2016-2/) - Attina, T. M., Hauser, R., Sathyanarayana, S., Hunt, P. A., Bourguignon, J. P., Myers, J. P., DiGangi, J., Zoeller, R. T., & Trasande, L.; "Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis;" Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2016, 4(12), 996-1003; DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30275-3. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to disease
- [Arregui et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/arregui-et-al-2004/) - Arregui, M. C., Lenardon, A., Sanchez, D., Maitre, M. I., Scotta, R., & Enrique, S.; "Monitoring glyphosate residues in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean;" Pest Management Science, 2004, 60(2), 163-166; DOI: 10.1002/ps.775. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14971683. ABSTRACT: The availability of Roundup Ready (RR) varieties of soybean has increased the use of glyphosate for weed control in Argentina. Glyphosate [(N-phosphonomethyl)glycine] is
- [Kang et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kang-et-al-2019/) - Kang, D. W., Adams, J. B., Coleman, D. M., Pollard, E. L., Maldonado, J., McDonough-Means, S., Caporaso, J. G., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R.; "Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota;" Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1), 5821; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42183-0. ABSTRACT: Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
- [Shah and Kingdom, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/shah-and-kingdom-2011/) - Shah, Prakesh, & Kingdom, John; "Long-term neurocognitive outcomes of SGA/IUGR infants;" Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 2011, 21(5), 142-146; DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2011.02.004. ABSTRACT: With advances in the management of preterm neonates, the chances of survival have increased even among those who are intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) or who are born small for gestational age (SGA). However,
- [Yusa et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/yusa-et-al-2015/) - Yusa, V., Millet, M., Coscolla, C., & Roca, M.; "Analytical methods for human biomonitoring of pesticides. A review;" Analytica Chimica Acta, 2015, 891, 15-31; DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.032. ABSTRACT: Biomonitoring of both currently-used and banned-persistent pesticides is a very useful tool for assessing human exposure to these chemicals. In this review, we present current approaches and recent
- [Zhang et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2018/) - Zhang, M., Ma, W., Zhang, J., He, Y., & Wang, J.; "Analysis of gut microbiota profiles and microbe-disease associations in children with autism spectrum disorders in China;" Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1), 13981; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32219-2. ABSTRACT: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent studies reported that children with ASD have altered
- [Zhang et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2020/) - Zhang, M., Chu, Y., Meng, Q., Ding, R., Shi, X., Wang, Z., He, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Yu, J., Kang, Y., & Wang, J.; "A quasi-paired cohort strategy reveals the impaired detoxifying function of microbes in the gut of autistic children;" Science Advances, 2020, 6(43); DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3760. ABSTRACT: Growing evidence suggests that
- [Zhao et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhao-et-al-2016/) - Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, G., Han, R., & Xie, X.; "Effects of chlorpyrifos on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus);" Chemosphere, 2016, 153, 287-293; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.055. ABSTRACT: In this study, the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the gut microbiome and related urine metabolome in mouse (Mus musculus) were investigated.
- [Vencill et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vencill-et-al-2017/) - Vencill, William K., Nichols, Robert L., Webster, Theodore M., Soteres, John K., Mallory-Smith, Carol, Burgos, Nilda R., Johnson, William G., & McClelland, Marilyn R.; "Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops;" Weed Science, 2017, 60(SP1), 2-30; DOI: 10.1614/ws-d-11-00206.1. ABSTRACT: Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes
- [Sanchez et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sanchez-et-al-2018/) - Sanchez, M. C., Alvarez Sedo, C., Chaufan, G. R., Romanato, M., Da Cuna, R., Lo Nostro, F., Calvo, J. C., & Fontana, V.; "In vitro effects of endosulfan-based insecticides on mammalian sperm;" Toxicology Research, 2018, 7(1), 117-126; DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00251c. ABSTRACT: Endosulfan is an organochloride insecticide extensively used in several countries to protect crops from pests.
- [Robinson et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/robinson-et-al-2020/) - Robinson, Claire, Portier, Christopher J., ČAvoŠKi, Aleksandra, Mesnage, Robin, Roger, Apolline, Clausing, Peter, Whaley, Paul, Muilerman, Hans, & Lyssimachou, Angeliki; "Achieving a High Level of Protection from Pesticides in Europe: Problems with the Current Risk Assessment Procedure and Solutions;" European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2020, 11(3), 450-480; DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.18. ABSTRACT: The regulation of pesticides in
- [Powles and Gaines, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/powles-and-gaines-2017/) - Powles, Stephen B., & Gaines, Todd A.; "Exploring the Potential for a Regulatory Change to Encourage Diversity in Herbicide Use;" Weed Science, 2017, 64(SP1), 649-654; DOI: 10.1614/ws-d-15-00070.1. ABSTRACT: An overreliance on herbicides in several important grain- and cotton-producing regions of the world has led to the widespread evolution of herbicide-resistant weed populations. Of particular concern
- [Osteen and Fernandez-Cornejo, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/osteen-and-fernandez-cornejo-2016/) - Osteen, Craig D., & Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge; "Herbicide Use Trends: A Backgrounder;" Choices, 2016, 31(4th Quarter 2016). ABSTRACT: None Available FULL TEXT
- [Ruden and Grandjean, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ruden-and-grandjean-2018/) - Mie, A., Ruden, C., & Grandjean, P.; "Safety of Safety Evaluation of Pesticides: developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl;" Environmental Health, 2018, 17(1), 77; DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0421-y. ABSTRACT: Authorization of pesticides for market release requires toxicity testing on animals, typically performed by test laboratories on contract with the pesticide producer. The latter provides the results and
- [Manalil et al, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manalil-et-al-2017/) - Manalil, Sudheesh, Busi, Roberto, Renton, Michael, & Powles, Stephen B.; "Rapid Evolution of Herbicide Resistance by Low Herbicide Dosages;" Weed Science, 2017, 59(2), 210-217; DOI: 10.1614/ws-d-10-00111.1. ABSTRACT: Herbicide rate cutting is an example of poor use of agrochemicals that can have potential adverse implications due to rapid herbicide resistance evolution. Recent laboratory-level studies have revealed
- [Malone and Foster, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/malone-and-foster-2019/) - Malone, M., & Foster, E.; "A mixed-methods approach to determine how conservation management programs and techniques have affected herbicide use and distribution in the environment over time;" Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 660, 145-157; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.266. ABSTRACT: No-till agriculture has the ability to reduce fuel consumption, increase soil moisture, reduce soil erosion and increase
- [Givens et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/givens-et-al-2017/) - Givens, Wade A., Shaw, David R., Johnson, William G., Weller, Stephen C., Young, Bryan G., Wilson, Robert G., Owen, Micheal D. K., & Jordan, David; "A Grower Survey of Herbicide Use Patterns in Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems;" Weed Technology, 2017, 23(1), 156-161; DOI: 10.1614/wt-08-039.1. ABSTRACT: A telephone survey was conducted with growers in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana,
- [Dean et al., 1995](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dean-et-al-1995/) - Dean, E. Riechers, Loyd, M. Wax, Rex, A. Liebl, & Don, G. Bullock; "Surfactant Effects on Glyphosate Efficacy;" Weed Technology, 1995, 9(2), 281-285. ABSTRACT: Field and greenhouse studies were performed to examine the influence of various surfactants with glyphosate on whole plant efficacy. Relationships were examined between glyphosate phytotoxicity and surfactant properties, including ionic form,
- [Boone et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/boone-et-al-2014/) - Boone, Michelle D., Bishop, Christine A., Boswell, Leigh A., Brodman, Robert D., Burger, Joanna, Davidson, Carlos, Gochfeld, Michael, Hoverman, Jason T., Neuman-Lee, Lorin A., Relyea, Rick A., Rohr, Jason R., Salice, Christopher, Semlitsch, Raymond D., Sparling, Donald, & Weir, Scott; "Pesticide Regulation amid the Influence of Industry;" BioScience, 2014, 64(10), 917-922; DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu138. ABSTRACT: Pesticide
- [Bonny, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bonny-2011/) - Bonny, Sylvie; "Herbicide-tolerant Transgenic Soybean over 15 Years of Cultivation: Pesticide Use, Weed Resistance, and Some Economic Issues. The Case of the USA;" Sustainability, 2011, 3(9), 1302-1322; DOI: 10.3390/su3091302. ABSTRACT: Genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops have been largely adopted where they have been authorized. Nevertheless, they are fiercely criticized by some, notably because of
- [Beckie, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/beckie-2017/) - Beckie, Hugh J.; "Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices;" Weed Technology, 2017, 20(3), 793-814; DOI: 10.1614/wt-05-084r1.1. ABSTRACT: In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although
- [Apel et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/apel-et-al-2020/) - Apel, P., Rousselle, C., Lange, R., Sissoko, F., Kolossa-Gehring, M., & Ougier, E.; "Human biomonitoring initiative (HBM4EU) - Strategy to derive human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for health risk assessment;" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2020, 230, 113622; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113622. ABSTRACT: The European Joint Program "HBM4EU" is a joint effort of 30 countries
- [Alberto et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alberto-et-al-2016/) - Alberto, D., Serra, A. A., Sulmon, C., Gouesbet, G., & Couee, I.; "Herbicide-related signaling in plants reveals novel insights for herbicide use strategies, environmental risk assessment and global change assessment challenges;" Science of The Total Environment, 2016, 569-570, 1618-1628; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.064. ABSTRACT: Herbicide impact is usually assessed as the result of a unilinear mode of
- [Portier et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/portier-et-al-2016/) - Christopher J Portier, Bruce K Armstrong, Bruce C Baguley, Xaver Baur, Igor Belyaev, Robert Bellé, Fiorella Belpoggi, Annibale Biggeri, Maarten C Bosland, Paolo Bruzzi, Lygia Therese Budnik, Merete D Bugge, Kathleen Burns, Gloria M Calaf, David O Carpenter, Hillary M Carpenter, Lizbeth López-Carrillo, Richard Clapp, Pierluigi Cocco, Dario Consonni, Pietro Comba, Elena Craft, Mohamed Aqiel
- [Panzacchi et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/panzacchi-et-al-2018/) - Panzacchi, S., Mandrioli, D., Manservisi, F., Bua, L., Falcioni, L., Spinaci, M., Galeati, G., Dinelli, G., Miglio, R., Mantovani, A., Lorenzetti, S., Hu, J., Chen, J., Perry, M. J., Landrigan, P. J., & Belpoggi, F. "The Ramazzini Institute 13-week study on glyphosate-based herbicides at human-equivalent dose in Sprague Dawley rats: study design and first in-life
- [Landrigan, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/landrigan-2018/) - Philip J. Landrigan, "Pesticides and Human Reproduction," JAMA Internal Medicine, 2018, 178:1, DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5092 SUMMARY: Invited commentary by Managing Weeds for Healthy Kids science team member Dr. Landrigan reports that herbicide use has increased sharply, with glyphosate use up 250-fold from 1974 to 2014. And, "measurable levels of multiple pesticides are found in the bodies of nearly all
- [Landrigan and Belpoggi, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/landrigan-and-belpoggi-2018/) - Landrigan, P. J., and Belpoggi, F.,"The need for independent research on the health effects of glyphosate-based herbicides," Environmental Health, 17(1), 51, 2018, doi:10.1186/s12940-018-0392-z. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate, formulated as Roundup, is the world's most widely used herbicide. Glyphosate is used extensively on genetically modified (GM) food crops designed to tolerate the herbicide, and global use is
- [Landrigan and Goldman, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/landrigan-and-goldman-2011/) - Landrigan, Philip J, & Goldman, Lynn R; "Children's vulnerability to toxic chemicals: a challenge and opportunity to strengthen health and environmental policy;" Health Affairs, 2011, 30(5), 842-850; DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0151. ABSTRACT: A key policy breakthrough occurred nearly twenty years ago with the discovery that children are far more sensitive than adults to toxic chemicals in the
- [Donauer et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/donauer-et-al-2016/) - Donauer, Stephanie, Mekibib Altaye, Yingying Xu, Heidi Sucharew, Paul Succop, Antonia M. Calafat, Jane C. Khoury, Bruce Lanphear, Kimberly Yolton, "An Observational Study to Evaluate Associations Between Low-Level Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Cognition During Early Childhood," American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016, 184:5. ABSTRACT: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides, which is ubiquitous, may be
- [Lanphear, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lanphear-2015/) - Lanphear, Bruce, "The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain," Annual Review of Public Health, 2015, 36:1, DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-PUBLHEALTH-031912-114413. ABSTRACT: The impact of toxins on the developing brain is usually subtle for an individual child, but the damage can be substantial at the population level. Numerous challenges must be addressed to definitively test the impact
- [Perro, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perro-2019/) - Perro, Michelle, “Childhood Leukemia, the Microbiome, and Glyphosate: A Doctor’s Perspective,” GMOScience.org, January 15, 2019. SUMMARY: Childhood leukemia is on the rise Exposure to pesticides is known to increase the risk of childhood leukemia, as well as other types of cancer New research links an impoverished gut microbiome (bacterial community) and chronic inflammation with increased
- [Perry et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-et-al-2011/) - Melissa J. Perry, Scott A. Venners, Xing Chen, Xue Liu, Genfu Tang, Houxun Xing, Dana Boyd Barr, Xiping Xu, "Organophosphorous pesticide exposures and sperm quality," Reproductive Toxicology, 2011, 31:1, DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.08.006. ABSTRACT: Many Americans are exposed to low levels of organophosphorous (OP) pesticides. It is unclear whether these exposures impact sperm production. We investigated whether there
- [Perry et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perry-et-al-2019/) - Perry, M. J., Mandrioli, D., Belpoggi, F., Manservisi, F., Panzacchi, S., & Irwin, C.; "Historical evidence of glyphosate exposure from a US agricultural cohort;" Environmental Health, 2019, 18(1), 42; DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0474-6. ABSTRACT: In response to the recent review by Gillezeau et al., The evidence of human exposure to glyphosate: A review, Environmental Health 1/19/19, here
- [Winchester et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winchester-et-al-2017/) - Winchester PD, Parvez S, Proctor C, Ying J, Gerona RR, "Fetal Exposure to Glyphosate," Presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies, May 6-7, 2017, San Francisco, California. SUMMARY: Measured glyphosate in pregnant women to estimate fetal exposure and monitor potential adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Glyphosate was present in 91% of the urine samples and higher glyphosate levels
- [Winchester et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winchester-et-al-2016/) - Winchester P, Proctor C, Ying J, "County-level pesticide use and risk of shortened gestation and preterm birth," Acta Paediatrica, 2016, 105:3, DOI: 10.1111/apa.13288. ABSTRACT: AIM: This study assesses the association between pesticide exposure in pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB) and shortened gestation. METHODS: Pregnancy information was abstracted from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Non-Public Use Natality Datasets
- [Winchester et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winchester-et-al-2019/) - Winchester, Paul, Reiter, Jill L., Proctor, Cathy, Gerona, Roy R., Avery, Kayleigh D., Bromm, Jennifer R., Elsahy, Deena A, Hadley, Emily A., McGraw, Sara N., & Jones, Dana D., "Glyphosate in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy: Herbicides in the Womb," 2019, Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) Meeting 2019, 4/24-5/1/2019, Baltimore, MD. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Our
- [Mesnage et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2019/) - Mesnage, R., Benbrook, C., & Antoniou, M. N.; "Insight into the confusion over surfactant co-formulants in glyphosate-based herbicides;" Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2019, 128, 137-145; DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.053. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the active ingredient in glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs). Other chemicals in GBHs are presumed as inert by regulatory authorities and are largely ignored in pesticide safety
- [Benbrook, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2012/) - Benbrook, C, “Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use in the U.S. – the First Sixteen Years,” Environmental Sciences-Europe, 2012, 24:24. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Genetically engineered, herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant crops have been remarkable commercial successes in the United States. Few independent studies have calculated their impacts on pesticide use per hectare or overall pesticide use,
- [Benbrook, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2016a/) - Charles M. Benbrook, "Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally," Environmental Sciences Europe, 2016, 28:3, DOI 10.1186/s12302-016-0070-0. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has
- [Landrigan and Benbrook, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/landrigan-and-benbrook-2015-2/) - Phillip Landrigan and Charles Benbrook, "GMOs, Herbicides, and Public Health," Commentary in New England Journal of Medicine, 2015, 373:8, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1505660. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Benbrook Consulting Services, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nass-2016/) - Benbrook Consulting Services, Use of Dicamba on Crops as Surveyed by the National Agricultural Statistics Services (NASS), 2016. SUMMARY: Table detailing NASS reports of dicamba use (percent of total crop) and application rates. FULL TEXT
- [Benbrook, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2018/) - Benbrook, Charles, "Why Regulators Lost Track and Control of Pesticide Risks: Lessons From the Case of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides and Genetically Engineered-Crop Technology," Current Environmental Health Reports, 5:3, 387-395, 2018, DOI:10.1007/s40572-018-0207-y. ABSTRACT: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The approval of genetically engineered (GE) crops in the late 1990s triggered dramatic changes in corn, soybean, and cotton pest management systems,
- [Benbrook, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2019/) - Benbrook, Charles M., "How did the US EPA and IARC reach diametrically opposed conclusions on the genotoxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides?," Environmental Sciences Europe, 2019, 31(1), DOI:10.1186/s12302-018-0184-7. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The US EPA considers glyphosate as “not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.” The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic
- [Haas et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/haas-et-al-2015/) - Haas, D. M., Parker, C. B., Wing, D. A., Parry, S., Grobman, W. A., Mercer, B. M., Simhan, H. N., Hoffman, M. K., Silver, R. M., Wadhwa, P., Iams, J. D., Koch, M. A., Caritis, S. N., Wapner, R. J., Esplin, M. S., Elovitz, M. A., Foroud, T., Peaceman, A. M., Saade, G. R., Willinger,
- [Hantsoo et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hantsoo-et-al-2019/) - Hantsoo, L., Jasarevic, E., Criniti, S., McGeehan, B., Tanes, C., Sammel, M. D., Elovitz, M. A., Compher, C., Wu, G., & Epperson, C. N.; "Childhood adversity impact on gut microbiota and inflammatory response to stress during pregnancy;" Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2019, 75, 240-250; DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.005. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse
- [Scholze et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/scholze-et-al-2020/) - Scholze, M., Taxvig, C., Kortenkamp, A., Boberg, J., Christiansen, S., Svingen, T., Lauschke, K., Frandsen, H., Ermler, S., Hermann, S. S., Pedersen, M., Lykkeberg, A. K., Axelstad, M., & Vinggaard, A. M.; "Quantitative in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation (QIVIVE) for Predicting Reduced Anogenital Distance Produced by Anti-Androgenic Pesticides in a Rodent Model for Male
- [Pellizzari et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pellizzari-et-al-2019/) - Pellizzari, E. D., Woodruff, T. J., Boyles, R. R., Kannan, K., Beamer, P. I., Buckley, J. P., Wang, A., Zhu, Y., & Bennett, D. H.; "Identifying and Prioritizing Chemicals with Uncertain Burden of Exposure: Opportunities for Biomonitoring and Health-Related Research;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2019, 127(12), 126001; DOI: 10.1289/EHP5133. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The National Institutes of Health's
- [Franke et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/franke-et-al-2020/) - Franke, A. A., Li, X., & Lai, J. F.; "Analysis of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate from human urine by HRAM LC-MS;" Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02966-1. ABSTRACT: Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite of glyphosate (GLYP) and phosphonic acids in detergents. GLYP is a synthetic herbicide frequently used worldwide alone or
- [Mesnage and Antoniou, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-and-antoniou-2020/) - Mesnage, Robin, & Antoniou, Michael N.; "Computational modelling provides insight into the effects of glyphosate on the shikimate pathway in the human gut microbiome;" Current Research in Toxicology, 2020, 1, 25-33; DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.04.001. ABSTRACT: The herbicide active ingredient glyphosate can affect the growth of microorganisms, which rely on the shikimate pathway for aromatic amino acid
- [Almeida et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/almeida-et-al-2017/) - Almeida, L. L., Teixeira, A. A. C., Soares, A. F., Cunha, F. M. D., Silva, V. A. D. Junior, Vieira Filho, L. D., & Wanderley-Teixeira, V.; "Effects of melatonin in rats in the initial third stage of pregnancy exposed to sub-lethal doses of herbicides;" Acta Histochemica, 2017, 119(3), 220-227; DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.01.003. ABSTRACT: Exposure to the
- [Brehm and Flaws, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/brehm-and-flaws-2019/) - Brehm, E., & Flaws, J. A.; "Transgenerational Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Male and Female Reproduction;" Endocrinology, 2019, 160(6), 1421-1435; DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00034. ABSTRACT: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are known to interfere with normal reproductive function and hormone signaling. Phthalates, bisphenol A, pesticides, and environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins are known endocrine-disrupting chemicals that have
- [Dai et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dai-et-al-2016/) - Dai, P., Hu, P., Tang, J., Li, Y., & Li, C.; "Effect of glyphosate on reproductive organs in male rat;" Acta Histochemica, 2016, 118(5), 519-526; DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.05.009. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate as an active ingredient of Roundup((R)) which is thought to be one of the most popular herbicide was used worldwide. Many studies have focused on reproductive
- [Dechartres et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dechartes-et-al-2019/) - Dechartres, J., Pawluski, J. L., Gueguen, M. M., Jablaoui, A., Maguin, E., Rhimi, M., & Charlier, T. D.; "Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicide exposure during the peripartum period affects maternal brain plasticity, maternal behaviour and microbiome;" Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2019, 31(9), e12731; DOI: 10.1111/jne.12731. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is found in a large array of non-selective herbicides such
- [Lorenz et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lorenz-et-al-2019/) - Lorenz, V., Milesi, M. M., Schimpf, M. G., Luque, E. H., & Varayoud, J.; "Epigenetic disruption of estrogen receptor alpha is induced by a glyphosate-based herbicide in the preimplantation uterus of rats;" Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2019, 480, 133-141; DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.022. ABSTRACT: Previously, we have shown that perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) induces
- [Meftaul et al.; 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/meftaul-et-al-2020/) - Meftaul, I. M., Venkateswarlu, K., Dharmarajan, R., Annamalai, P., Asaduzzaman, M., Parven, A., & Megharaj, M.; "Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture?;" Environmental Pollution, 2020, 263(Pt A), 114372; DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became
- [Pham et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pham-et-al-2019/) - Pham, T. H., Derian, L., Kervarrec, C., Kernanec, P. Y., Jegou, B., Smagulova, F., & Gely-Pernot, A.; "Perinatal Exposure to Glyphosate and a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Affect Spermatogenesis in Mice;" Toxicological Science, 2019, 169(1), 260-271; DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz039. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Several studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate
- [Rattan and Flaws, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rattan-and-flaws-2019/) - Rattan, S., & Flaws, J. A.; "The epigenetic impacts of endocrine disruptors on female reproduction across generationsdagger;" Biology of Reproduction, 2019, 101(3), 635-644; DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz081. ABSTRACT: Humans and animals are repeatedly exposed to endocrine disruptors, many of which are ubiquitous in the environment. Endocrine disruptors interfere with hormone action; thus, causing non-monotonic dose responses that
- [Williams et al., 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/williams-et-al-2000/) - Williams, G. M., Kroes, R., & Munro, I. C.; "Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the herbicide Roundup and its active ingredient, glyphosate, for humans;" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2000, 31(2 Pt 1), 117-165; DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1999.1371. ABSTRACT: Reviews on the safety of glyphosate and Roundup herbicide that have been conducted by several regulatory agencies and
- [Ingaramo et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ingaramo-et-al-2020/) - Ingaramo, P., Alarcon, R., Munoz-de-Toro, M., & Luque, E. H.; "Are glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides endocrine disruptors that alter female fertility?;" Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2020, 110934; DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110934. ABSTRACT: Numerous evidences have alerted on the toxic effects of the exposure to glyphosate on living organisms. Glyphosate is the herbicide most used in crops such
- [Griffin et al., 1997](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/griffin-et-al-1997/) - Griffin, R. J., Godfrey, V. B., Kim, Y. C., & Burka, L. T.; "Sex-dependent differences in the disposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats, B6C3F1 mice, and Syrian hamsters;" Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 1997, 25(9), 1065-1071. ABSTRACT: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used broadleaf herbicide, is under investigation in a study of peroxisome proliferators. To
- [Christensen et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/christensen-et-al-2016/) - Christensen, C. H., Barry, K. H., Andreotti, G., Alavanja, M. C., Cook, M. B., Kelly, S. P., Burdett, L. A., Yeager, M., Beane Freeman, L. E., Berndt, S. I., & Koutros, S.; "Sex Steroid Hormone Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Pesticide Use, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study within the Agricultural Health Study;" Frontiers
- [Hoppin et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hoppin-et-al-2002-2/) - Hoppin, J. A., Yucel, F., Dosemeci, M., & Sandler, D. P.; "Accuracy of self-reported pesticide use duration information from licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study;" Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2002, 12(5), 313-318; DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500232. ABSTRACT: Epidemiologists frequently rely on self-reported information regarding a variety of exposures including smoking history, medication
- [Saldana et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/saldana-et-al-2007/) - Saldana, T. M., Basso, O., Hoppin, J. A., Baird, D. D., Knott, C., Blair, A., Alavanja, M. C., & Sandler, D. P.; "Pesticide exposure and self-reported gestational diabetes mellitus in the Agricultural Health Study;" Diabetes Care, 2007, 30(3), 529-534; DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1832. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between pesticide use during pregnancy and gestational diabetes
- [Blair et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/blair-et-al-2011/) - Blair, A., Thomas, K., Coble, J., Sandler, D. P., Hines, C. J., Lynch, C. F., Knott, C., Purdue, M. P., Zahm, S. H., Alavanja, M. C., Dosemeci, M., Kamel, F., Hoppin, J. A., Freeman, L. B., & Lubin, J. H.; "Impact of pesticide exposure misclassification on estimates of relative risks in the Agricultural Health Study;"
- [Alexander et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alexander-et-al-2017/) - Alexander, M., Koutros, S., Bonner, M. R., Barry, K. H., Alavanja, M. C. R., Andreotti, G., Byun, H. M., Chen, L., Beane Freeman, L. E., Hofmann, J. N., Kamel, F., Moore, L. E., Baccarelli, A., & Rusiecki, J.; "Pesticide use and LINE-1 methylation among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study;" Environ Epigenet,
- [Zuanazzi et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zuanazzi-et-al-2020/) - Zuanazzi, N. R., Ghisi, N. C., & Oliveira, E. C.; "Analysis of global trends and gaps for studies about 2,4-D herbicide toxicity: A scientometric review;" Chemosphere, 2020, 241, 125016; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125016. ABSTRACT: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that is used worldwide in agricultural and urban activities to control pests, reaching natural environments directly or
- [Lerro et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lerro-et-al-2020-2/) - Lerro, C. C., Andreotti, G., Wong, J. Y., Blair, A., Rothman, N., & Beane Freeman, L. E.; "2,4-D exposure and urinary markers of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation: a longitudinal study;" Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2020, 77(4), 276-280; DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106267. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that is commonly used commercially, agriculturally
- [Parron et al, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/parron-et-al-2011/) - Parron, T., Requena, M., Hernandez, A. F., & Alarcon, R.; "Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and neurodegenerative diseases;" Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2011, 256(3), 379-385; DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.006. ABSTRACT: Preliminary studies have shown associations between chronic pesticide exposure in occupational settings and neurological disorders. However, data on the effects of long-term non-occupational exposures are too
- [Backhaus and Faust, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/backhaus-and-faust-2012/) - Backhaus, T., & Faust, M.; "Predictive environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures: a conceptual framework;" Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(5), 2564-2573; DOI: 10.1021/es2034125. ABSTRACT: Environmental risks of chemicals are still often assessed substance-by-substance, neglecting mixture effects. This may result in risk underestimations, as the typical exposure is toward multicomponent chemical "cocktails". We use the
- [UW Extension, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/uw-extension-2018/) - UW Extension, "A Visual Guide to Soybean Growth Stages," Date published: May 3, 2018, Date accessed: April 16, 2020. SUMMARY: Understanding and being able to correctly identify the growth stages of soybean is important for making sound agronomic management decisions. This guide describes the growth stages starting with germination, progressing through the vegetative stages (V)
- [UW Extension, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/uw-extension-2020-2/) - UW Extension, "Visual Guide to Corn Development," Date Published: February 27, 2020, Date Accessed: April 16, 2020. SUMMARY: This guide to corn development hopes to make the stages easy to understand by using clear, annotated images that highlight the details of what is happening in the plant and potentially make the connection to sound management
- [Ross et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ross-et-al-2013/) - Ross, S. M., McManus, I. C., Harrison, V., & Mason, O.; "Neurobehavioral problems following low-level exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic and meta-analytic review;" Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2013, 43(1), 21-44; DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.738645. ABSTRACT: Meta-analysis was carried out to determine the neurotoxic effects of long-term exposure to low levels of organophosphates (OPs) in occupational settings.
- [Heu et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/heu-et-al-2012/) - Heu, C., Elie-Caille, C., Mougey, V., Launay, S., & Nicod, L.; "A step further toward glyphosate-induced epidermal cell death: involvement of mitochondrial and oxidative mechanisms;" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2012, 34(2), 144-153; DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.010. ABSTRACT: A deregulation of programmed cell death mechanisms in human epidermis leads to skin pathologies. We previously showed that glyphosate, an
- [Rendon-von Osten et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rendon-von-osten-et-al-2017/) - Rendon-von Osten, J., & Dzul-Caamal, R.; "Glyphosate Residues in Groundwater, Drinking Water and Urine of Subsistence Farmers from Intensive Agriculture Localities: A Survey in Hopelchen, Campeche, Mexico;" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14(6); DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060595. ABSTRACT: The use of pesticides in Mexican agriculture creates an interest in learning about the presence
- [Bus, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bus-2015/) - Bus, J. S.; "Analysis of Moms Across America report suggesting bioaccumulation of glyphosate in U.S. mother's breast milk: Implausibility based on inconsistency with available body of glyphosate animal toxicokinetic, human biomonitoring, and physico-chemical data;" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015, 73(3), 758-764; DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.10.022. ABSTRACT: The non-peer-reviewed biomonitoring report published online by Moms Across America (MAA;
- [Hall et al., 1989](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hall-et-al-1989/) - Hall, J. Christopher, Deschamps, Raymond J. A., & Krieg, Kim K.; "Immunoassays for the detection of 2,4-D and picloram in river water and urine;" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1989, 37(4), 981-984; DOI: 10.1021/jf00088a035. ABSTRACT: Immunoassays for 2,4-D [ (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2pyridinecarboxylic acid) detection were developed with polyclonal antibodies raised in New
- [Singh et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/singh-et-al-2020/) - Singh, Simranjeet, Kumar, Vijay, Datta, Shivika, Wani, Abdul Basit, Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh, Romero, Romina, & Singh, Joginder; "Glyphosate uptake, translocation, resistance emergence in crops, analytical monitoring, toxicity and degradation: a review;" Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-00969-z. ABSTRACT: The herbicide glyphosate is widely used to control weeds in grain crops. The overuse of glyphosate has
- [Crump et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/crump-et-al-2020/) - Crump, K., Crouch, E., Zelterman, D., Crump, C., & Haseman, J.; "Accounting for Multiple Comparisons in Statistical Analysis of the Extensive Bioassay Data on Glyphosate;" Toxicology Science, 2020; DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa039. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide worldwide. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed glyphosate cancer bioassays and human studies
- [Maderthaner et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/maderthaner-et-al-2020/) - Maderthaner, M., Weber, M., Takacs, E., Mortl, M., Leisch, F., Rombke, J., Querner, P., Walcher, R., Gruber, E., Szekacs, A., & Zaller, J. G.; "Commercial glyphosate-based herbicides effects on springtails (Collembola) differ from those of their respective active ingredients and vary with soil organic matter content;" Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08213-5.
- [Maggi et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/maggi-et-al-2020/) - Maggi, Federico, la Cecilia, Daniele, Tang, Fiona H. M., & McBratney, Alexander; "The global environmental hazard of glyphosate use;" Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 717; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137167. ABSTRACT: Agricultural pesticides can become persistent environmental pollutants. Among many, glyphosate (GLP) is under particular scrutiny because of its extensive use and its alleged threats to the
- [Hendershot et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hendershot-et-al-2020/) - Hendershot, J. Nicholas, Smith, Jeffrey R., Anderson, Christopher B., Letten, Andrew D., Frishkoff, Luke O., Zook, Jim R., Fukami, Tadashi, & Daily, Gretchen C.; "Intensive farming drives long-term shifts in avian community composition;" Nature, 2020, 579(7799), 393-396; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2090-6. ABSTRACT: Agricultural practices constitute both the greatest cause of biodiversity loss and the greatest opportunity for
- [Smith et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-et-al-2020/) - Smith, Dylan B., Arce, Andres N., Ramos Rodrigues, Ana, Bischoff, Philipp H., Burris, Daisy, Ahmed, Farah, & Gill, Richard J.; "Insecticide exposure during brood or early-adult development reduces brain growth and impairs adult learning in bumblebees;" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020, 287(1922); DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2442. ABSTRACT: For social bees, an understudied step
- [Dimitrov et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dimitrov-et-al-2006/) - Dimitrov, B. D., Gadeva, P. G., Benova, D. K., & Bineva, M. V.; "Comparative genotoxicity of the herbicides Roundup, Stomp and Reglone in plant and mammalian test systems;" Mutagenesis, 2006, 21(6), 375-382; DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gel044. ABSTRACT: The genotoxicities of the herbicides Roundup (glyphosate), Stomp (pendimethaline) and Reglone (diquat), were compared in plant (Crepis capillaris L.) and
- [Sviridov et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sviridov-et-al-2015/) - Sviridov, A. V., Shushkova, T. V., Ermakova, I. T., Ivanova, E. V., Epiktetov, D. O., & Leont'evskii, A. A.; "[Microbial degradation of glyphosate herbicides (review)];" Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol, 2015, 51(2), 183-190; DOI: 10.7868/s0555109915020221. ABSTRACT: This review analyzes the issues associated with biodegradation of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), one of the most widespread herbicides. Glyphosate can accumulate in
- [Thacker, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/thacker-2020/) - Thacker, Paul D, "Transparency and Conflicts in Science: History of Influence, Scandal, and Denial," Chapter 1 in Integrity, Transparency and Corruption in Healthcare & Research on Health, 2020,Volume I (pp. 3-26), Springer Nature Singapore. ABSTRACT: Corporate finances influence many areas of science, originating with tobacco companies which hired public relations firms to protect their profits
- [Ait-Bali et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ait-bali-et-al-2020/) - Ait-Bali, Y., Ba-M'hamed, S., Gambarotta, G., Sassoe-Pognetto, M., Giustetto, M., & Bennis, M.; "Pre- and postnatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide causes behavioral and cognitive impairments in adult mice: evidence of cortical ad hippocampal dysfunction;" Archives of Toxicology, 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02677-7. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Despite considerable progress in
- [Vineis, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/vineis-2019/) - Vineis, P.; "Public Health and Independent Risk Assessment;" American Journal of Public Health, 2019, 109(7), 978-980; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305142. FULL TEXT
- [Samet, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/samet-2019/) - Samet, J. M.; "Expert Review Under Attack: Glyphosate, Talc, and Cancer;" American Journal of Public Health, 2019, 109(7), 976-978; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305131. FULL TEXT
- [Morabia, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/morabia-2019/) - Morabia, A.; "Fighting Independent Risk Assessment of Talc and Glyphosate: Whose Benefit Is It Anyway?;" American Journal of Public Health, 2019, 109(7), 955-956; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305144. FULL TEXT
- [Rodenberg, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rodenberg-2019/) - Rodenberg, H.; "Reliance, Not Responsibility: Relations Between Science and Industry;" American Journal of Public Health, 2019, 109(7), 980-981; DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305125. FULL TEXT
- [Schaden et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schaden-et-al-2020/) - Schaden, Helmut Burtscher, Clausing, Peter, & Van Scharen, Hans. "Factsheet: Dangerous Confidence in 'Good Laboratory Practices,'" February 11, 2020, Corporate Europe Observatory and PAN Germany. SUMMARY: Our authorisation system for chemicals is based on the principle that manufacturers must prove, by means of scientifc studies, that their products do not pose unacceptable risks to public
- [Wang et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wang-et-al-2020/) - Wang, G. H., Berdy, B. M., Velasquez, O., Jovanovic, N., Alkhalifa, S., Minbiole, K. P. C., & Brucker, R. M.; "Changes in Microbiome Confer Multigenerational Host Resistance after Sub-toxic Pesticide Exposure;" Cell Host & Microbe, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.009. ABSTRACT: The gut is a first point of contact with ingested xenobiotics, where chemicals are metabolized directly
- [Janssens and Stoks, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/janssens-and-stoks-2017/) - Janssens, L., & Stoks, R.; "Stronger effects of Roundup than its active ingredient glyphosate in damselfly larvae;" Aquatic Toxicology, 2017, 193, 210-216; DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.028. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are causing strong decreases in aquatic biodiversity at concentrations assumed safe by legislation. One reason for the failing risk assessment may be strong differences in the toxicity of the
- [Romano et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/romano-et-al-2010/) - Romano, R. M., Romano, M. A., Bernardi, M. M., Furtado, P. V., & Oliveira, C. A.; "Prepubertal exposure to commercial formulation of the herbicide glyphosate alters testosterone levels and testicular morphology;" Archives of Toxicology, 2010, 84(4), 309-317; DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0494-z. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a herbicide widely used to kill weeds both in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes.
- [Guerrero Schimpf et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schimpf-et-al-2017/) - Guerrero Schimpf, M., Milesi, M. M., Ingaramo, P. I., Luque, E. H., & Varayoud, J.; "Neonatal exposure to a glyphosate based herbicide alters the development of the rat uterus;" Toxicology, 2017, 376, 2-14; DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.004. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are extensively used to control weeds on both cropland and non-cropland areas. No reports are available
- [Caiati et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/caiati-et-al-2019/) - Caiati, C., Pollice, P., Favale, S., & Lepera, M. E.; "The Herbicide Glyphosate and Its Apparently Controversial Effect on Human Health: An Updated Clinical Perspective;" Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immune Disorders: Drug Targets, 2019; DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191015191614. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate (G) is the most common weed-killer in the world. Every year tons and tons of G are
- [Cuhra, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cuhra-2015/) - Cuhra, M.; "Glyphosate nontoxicity: the genesis of a scientific fact;" Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry, 2015, 15(3), 89-96; DOI: 10.4024/08CU15A.jbpc.15.03. ABSTRACT: Repetition of a 1978 experiment on the toxicity of glyphosate chemicals in water-flea Daphnia magna showed surprising results. In the 31 years which had passed between the two series of experiments, the toxicity
- [Pandey and Rudraiah, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pandey-and-rudraiah-2015/) - Pandey, Aparamita, & Rudraiah, Medhamurthy; "Analysis of endocrine disruption effect of Roundup ® in adrenal gland of male rats;" Toxicology Reports, 2015, 2, 1075-1085; DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.021. ABSTRACT: The effect of Roundup((R)) on adrenal gland steroidogenesis and signaling pathway associated with steroid production was investigated. Doses of 10, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d Roundup((R)) were
- [Miersma et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/miersma-et-al-2003/) - Miersma, Nick A., Pepper, Christopher B., & Anderson, Todd A.; "Organochlorine pesticides in elementary school yards along the Texas–Mexico border;" Environmental Pollution, 2003, 126(1), 65-71; DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00126-x. ABSTRACT: A reconnaissance study was undertaken to determine potential contaminant exposures to children through soil from elementary school playgrounds. Soil samples were collected from areas along the Texas–Mexico
- [Chung and Herceg, 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/6952/) - Chung, F. F., & Herceg, Z.; "The Promises and Challenges of Toxico-Epigenomics: Environmental Chemicals and Their Impacts on the Epigenome;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2020, 128(1), 15001; DOI: 10.1289/EHP6104. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that a substantial portion of chronic and noncommunicable diseases can be caused or exacerbated by exposure to environmental chemicals. Multiple lines
- [Eng et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eng-et-al-2019/) - Eng, M. L., Stutchbury, B. J. M., & Morrissey, C. A.; "A neonicotinoid insecticide reduces fueling and delays migration in songbirds;" Science, 2019, 365(6458), 1177-1180; DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9419. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic insecticides widely used as seed treatments, but little is known of their effects on migrating birds that forage in agricultural areas. We tracked the
- [DiBartolomeis et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dibartolomeis-et-al-2019/) - DiBartolomeis, M., Kegley, S., Mineau, P., Radford, R., & Klein, K.; "An assessment of acute insecticide toxicity loading (AITL) of chemical pesticides used on agricultural land in the United States;" Plos One, 2019, 14(8), e0220029; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220029. ABSTRACT: We present a method for calculating the Acute Insecticide Toxicity Loading (AITL) on US agricultural lands and
- [Kasiotis and Machera, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kasiotis-and-machera-2015/) - Kasiotis, K. M., & Machera, K.; "Neonicotinoids and their Metabolites in Human Biomonitoring: A Review;" Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 2015, 8(2), 33-45; DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2015-0006. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoids (NNDs) constitute a major class of insecticides with a broad and versatile spectrum of applications in agriculture. Hence, their residues are found in several environmental compartments and can be
- [Han et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/han-et-al-2018/) - Han, Wenchao, Tian, Ying, & Shen, Xiaoming; "Human exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and the evaluation of their potential toxicity: An overview;" Chemosphere, 2018, 192, 59-65; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.149. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest growing class of insecticides over the past few decades. The insecticidal activity of neonicotinoids is attributed to their agonist action on
- [Thomas et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/thomas-et-al-2010/) - Thomas, K. W., Dosemeci, M., Hoppin, J. A., Sheldon, L. S., Croghan, C. W., Gordon, S. M., Jones, M. L., Reynolds, S. J., Raymer, J. H., Akland, G. G., Lynch, C. F., Knott, C. E., Sandler, D. P., Blair, A. E., & Alavanja, M. C.; "Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and
- [Barr et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/barr-2005/) - Barr, D. B., Allen, R., Olsson, A. O., Bravo, R., Caltabiano, L. M., Montesano, A., Nguyen, J., Udunka, S., Walden, D., Walker, R. D., Weerasekera, G., Whitehead, R. D., Jr., Schober, S. E., & Needham, L. L.; "Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population;" Environmental Research, 2005, 99(3), 314-326; DOI:
- [Castorina et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/castorina-et-al-2010/) - Castorina, R., Bradman, A., Fenster, L., Barr, D. B., Bravo, R., Vedar, M. G., Harnly, M. E., McKone, T. E., Eisen, E. A., & Eskenazi, B.; "Comparison of current-use pesticide and other toxicant urinary metabolite levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort and NHANES;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118(6), 856-863; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901568. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:
- [Alexander et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alexander-et-al-2006/) - Alexander, B. H., Burns, C. J., Bartels, M. J., Acquavella, J. F., Mandel, J. S., Gustin, C., & Baker, B. A.; "Chlorpyrifos exposure in farm families: results from the farm family exposure study;" Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2006, 16(5), 447-456; DOI: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500475. ABSTRACT: We used urinary biological monitoring to characterize chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)
- [Arnold et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/arnold-et-al-2015/) - Arnold, S. M., Morriss, A., Velovitch, J., Juberg, D., Burns, C. J., Bartels, M., Aggarwal, M., Poet, T., Hays, S., & Price, P.; "Derivation of human Biomonitoring Guidance Values for chlorpyrifos using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of cholinesterase inhibition;" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015, 71(2), 235-243; DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.013. ABSTRACT: A number of
- [Cai et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cai-et-al-2020/) - Cai, Wenyan, Zhang, Feng, Zhong, Lixin, Chen, Dongya, Guo, Haoran, Zhang, Hengdong, Zhu, Baoli, & Liu, Xin; "Correlation between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to glyphosate-induced reduction of serum cholinesterase: A case-control study of a Chinese population;" Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2020, 162, 23-28; DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.006. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (GLP) is one of the most common herbicides
- [Zanardi et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zanardi-et-al-2020/) - Zanardi, M. V., Schimpf, M. G., Gastiazoro, M. P., Milesi, M. M., Munoz-de-Toro, M., Varayoud, J., & Durando, M.; "Glyphosate-based herbicide induces hyperplastic ducts in the mammary gland of aging Wistar rats;" Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2019, 501, 110658; DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110658. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) exposure is known to have adverse effects on endocrine-related tissues.
- [McDermott et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mcdermott-et-al-2019/) - McDermott, S., Hailer, M. K., & Lead, J. R.; "Meconium identifies high levels of metals in newborns from a mining community in the U.S;" Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 135528; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135528. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to determine if we could identify intrauterine exposure to metals in meconium, as a measure
- [Ostrea et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ostrea-et-al-2006/) - Ostrea, E. M., Bielawski, D. M., & Posecion Jr., N C; "Meconium analysis to detect fetal exposure to neurotoxicants;" Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2006, 91(8), 628-629; DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.097956. ABSTRACT: Not Available. FULL TEXT
- [Leite et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/leite-et-al-2019/) - Leite, S. B., Franco de Diana, D. M., Segovia Abreu, J. A., Avalos, D. S., Denis, M. A., Ovelar, C. C., Samaniego Royg, M. J., Thielmann Arbo, B. A., & Corvalan, R.; "DNA damage induced by exposure to pesticides in children of rural areas in Paraguay;" Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2019, 150(3), 290-296; DOI:
- [Sherwin et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sherwin-et-al-2019/) - Sherwin, E., Bordenstein, S. R., Quinn, J. L., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F.; "Microbiota and the social brain;" Science, 2019, 366(6465); DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2016. ABSTRACT: Sociability can facilitate mutually beneficial outcomes such as division of labor, cooperative care, and increased immunity, but sociability can also promote negative outcomes, including aggression and coercion. Accumulating evidence
- [Lajmanovich et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/6747/) - Lajmanovich, R. C., Peltzer, P. M., Attademo, A. M., Martinuzzi, C. S., Simoniello, M. F., Colussi, C. L., Cuzziol Boccioni, A. P., & Sigrist, M.; "First evaluation of novel potential synergistic effects of glyphosate and arsenic mixture on Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles;" Heliyon, 2019, 5(10), e02601; DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02601. ABSTRACT: The toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide
- [Ichikawa et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ichikawa-et-al-2019/) - Ichikawa, G., Kuribayashi, R., Ikenaka, Y., Ichise, T., Nakayama, S. M. M., Ishizuka, M., Taira, K., Fujioka, K., Sairenchi, T., Kobashi, G., Bonmatin, J. M., & Yoshihara, S.; "LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis of neonicotinoids in urine of very low birth weight infants at birth;" Plos One, 2019, 14(7), e0219208; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219208. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely
- [Qiu et al., 2020](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/qiu-et-al-2020/) - Qiu, Shengnan, Fu, Huiyang, Zhou, Ruiying, Yang, Zheng, Bai, Guangdong, & Shi, Baoming; "Toxic effects of glyphosate on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and barrier function in weaned piglets;" Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020, 187; DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109846. ABSTRACT: At present, the public is paying more attention to the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal
- [Daisley et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/daisley-et-al-2018/) - Daisley, B. A., Trinder, M., McDowell, T. W., Collins, S. L., Sumarah, M. W., & Reid, G.; "Microbiota-Mediated Modulation of Organophosphate Insecticide Toxicity by Species-Dependent Interactions with Lactobacilli in a Drosophila melanogaster Insect Model;" Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2018, 84(9); DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02820-17. ABSTRACT: Despite the benefits to the global food supply and agricultural economies, pesticides
- [Xia et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/xia-et-al-2018/) - Xia, X., Sun, B., Gurr, G. M., Vasseur, L., Xue, M., & You, M.; "Gut Microbiota Mediate Insecticide Resistance in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.);" Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018, 9, 25; DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00025. ABSTRACT: The development of insecticide resistance in insect pests is a worldwide concern and elucidating the underlying mechanisms is critical for
- [Koppel et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/koppel-et-al-2017/) - Koppel, N., Maini Rekdal, V., & Balskus, E. P.; "Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota;" Science, 2017, 356(6344); DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2770. ABSTRACT: The human gut microbiota makes key contributions to the metabolism of ingested compounds (xenobiotics), transforming hundreds of dietary components, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals into metabolites with altered activities, toxicities, and lifetimes
- [Larsen et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/larsen-et-al-2017/) - Larsen, A. E., Gaines, S. D., & Deschenes, O.; "Agricultural pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley of California;" Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1), 302; DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00349-2. ABSTRACT: Virtually all agricultural communities worldwide are exposed to agricultural pesticides. Yet, the health consequences of such exposure are poorly understood, and the scientific literature
- [Yamamoto et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/yamamoto-et-al-2016/) - Yamamoto, M., Fujita, M., Mori, C., & Hata, A.; "Survey of motivation to participate in a birth cohort;" Journal of Human Genetics, 2016, 61(9), 787-791; DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.60. ABSTRACT: For a longitudinal prospective cohort study to be successful, participants' motivation to provide information must be maintained. Therefore, this study aimed to identify items that effectively promote
- [Oya et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/oya-et-al-2016/) - Oya, N., Ito, Y., Hioki, K., Asai, Y., Aoi, A., Sugiura, Y., Ueyama, J., Oguri, T., Kato, S., Ebara, T., & Kamijima, M.; "Quantitative analysis of organophosphate insecticide metabolites in urine extracted from disposable diapers of toddlers in Japan;" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017, 220(2 Pt A), 209-216; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.009. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND
- [Michikawa et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/michikawa-et-al-2018/) - Michikawa, T., Nitta, H., Nakayama, S. F., Yamazaki, S., Isobe, T., Tamura, K., Suda, E., Ono, M., Yonemoto, J., Iwai-Shimada, M., Kobayashi, Y., Suzuki, G., Kawamoto, T., Japan, Environment, & Children's Study, Group; "Baseline Profile of Participants in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS);" Journal of Epidemiology, 2018, 28(2), 99-104; DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20170018. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The Japan
- [Michikawa et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/michikawa-et-al-2015/) - Michikawa, T., Nitta, H., Nakayama, S. F., Ono, M., Yonemoto, J., Tamura, K., Suda, E., Ito, H., Takeuchi, A., Kawamoto, T., Japan, Environment, & Children's Study, Group; "The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS): A Preliminary Report on Selected Characteristics of Approximately 10 000 Pregnant Women Recruited During the First Year of the Study;" Journal
- [Kawamoto et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kawamoto-et-al-2014/) - Kawamoto, T., Nitta, H., Murata, K., Toda, E., Tsukamoto, N., Hasegawa, M., Yamagata, Z., Kayama, F., Kishi, R., Ohya, Y., Saito, H., Sago, H., Okuyama, M., Ogata, T., Yokoya, S., Koresawa, Y., Shibata, Y., Nakayama, S., Michikawa, T., Takeuchi, A., Satoh, H., & Working Group of the Epidemiological Research for Children's Environmental, Health; "Rationale and
- [Iwai-Shimada et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/iwai-shimada-et-al-2018/) - Iwai-Shimada, M., Nakayama, S. F., Isobe, T., Michikawa, T., Yamazaki, S., Nitta, H., Takeuchi, A., Kobayashi, Y., Tamura, K., Suda, E., Ono, M., Yonemoto, J., Kawamoto, T., Japan, Environment, & Children's Study, Group; "Questionnaire results on exposure characteristics of pregnant women participating in the Japan Environment and Children Study (JECS);" Environmental Health and Preventative Medicine,
- [Ishitsuka et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ishitsuka-et-al-2017/) - Ishitsuka, K., Nakayama, S. F., Kishi, R., Mori, C., Yamagata, Z., Ohya, Y., Kawamoto, T., & Kamijima, M.; "Japan Environment and Children's Study: backgrounds, activities, and future directions in global perspectives;" Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2017, 22(1), 61; DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0667-y. ABSTRACT: There is worldwide concern about the effects of environmental factors on children's health
- [Hashimoto et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hashimoto-et-al-2017/) - Hashimoto, K., Yasumura, S., Fujimori, K., Kyozuka, H., Wakaki, Y., Sato, A., Hanzawa, H., Yokoyama, T., Sato, T., & Hosoya, M.; "The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) in Fukushima Prefecture-A progress report on the enrollment stage;" Fukushima Journal of Medical Science, 2017, 63(2), 57-63; DOI: 10.5387/fms.2016-17. ABSTRACT: The Japan Environment and Children's Study is
- [Etzel et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/etzel-et-al-2014/) - Etzel, Ruth, Charles, Marie-Aline, Dellarco, Michael, Gajeski, Katie, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Hirschfeld, Steven, Kamijima, Michihiro, Kawamoto, Toshihiro, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Nakayama, Shoji, Schmidt, Börge, Tian, Ying, Wolz, Birgit, Zaros, Cécile, & Zhang, Jun; "Harmonizing Biomarker Measurements in Longitudinal Studies of Children’s Health and the Environment;" Biomonitoring, 2014, 1(1), 50-62; DOI: 10.2478/bimo-2014-0006. ABSTRACT: Large scale studies of environmental
- [Eguchi et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eguchi-et-al-2017/) - Eguchi, A., Otake, M., Hanazato, M., Suzuki, N., Matsuno, Y., Nakaoka, H., Todaka, E., & Mori, C.; "Assessment of questionnaire-based PCB exposure focused on food frequency in birth cohorts in Japan;" Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2017, 24(4), 3531-3538; DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8119-6. ABSTRACT: We investigated the relationship between food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) responses and serum
- [Farina et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/farina-et-al-2019/) - Farina, W. M., Balbuena, M. S., Herbert, L. T., Mengoni Gonalons, C., & Vazquez, D. E.; "Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Honey Bee Sensory and Cognitive Abilities: Individual Impairments with Implications for the Hive;" Insects, 2019, 10(10); DOI: 10.3390/insects10100354. ABSTRACT: The honeybee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator in both undisturbed and agricultural ecosystems. Its
- [Kwiatkowski et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kwiatkowski-et-al-2016/) - Kwiatkowski, C. F., Bolden, A. L., Liroff, R. A., Rochester, J. R., & Vandenbergh, J. G.; "Twenty-Five Years of Endocrine Disruption Science: Remembering Theo Colborn;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2016, 124(9), A151-154; DOI: 10.1289/EHP746 SUMMARY: For nearly 30 years, Dr. Theo Colborn (1927–2014) dedicated herself to studying the harmful effects of endocrinedisrupting chemicals on wildlife, humans,
- [McEwen et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mcewen-et-al-2019/) - McEwen, L. M., O'Donnell, K. J., McGill, M. G., Edgar, R. D., Jones, M. J., MacIsaac, J. L., Lin, D. T. S., Ramadori, K., Morin, A., Gladish, N., Garg, E., Unternaehrer, E., Pokhvisneva, I., Karnani, N., Kee, M. Z. L., Klengel, T., Adler, N. E., Barr, R. G., Letourneau, N., Giesbrecht, G. F., Reynolds, J.
- [Pochron et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pochron-et-al-2019/) - Pochron, S., Simon, L., Mirza, A., Littleton, A., Sahebzada, F., & Yudell, M.; "Glyphosate but not Roundup(R) harms earthworms (Eisenia fetida);" Chemosphere, 2019, 241, 125017; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125017. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup(R) formulations. While multiple studies have documented the toxicity, environmental persistence, and tendency to spread for glyphosate and Roundup(R), few studies
- [Zmora et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zmora-et-al-2019/) - Zmora, N., Suez, J., & Elinav, E.; "You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota;" Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2019, 16(1), 35-56; DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0061-2. ABSTRACT: Since the renaissance of microbiome research in the past decade, much insight has accumulated in comprehending forces shaping the architecture and functionality of resident microorganisms in
- [Marks et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/marks-et-al-2010/) - Marks, A. R., Harley, K., Bradman, A., Kogut, K., Barr, D. B., Johnson, C., Calderon, N., & Eskenazi, B.; "Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118(12), 1768-1774; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002056. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, well-known neurotoxicants, has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits in
- [Kruger et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kruger-et-al-2013/) - Kruger, Monika, Shehata, Awad Ali, Schrodl, Wieland, & Rodloff, Arne; "Glyphosate suppresses the antagonistic effect of Enterococcus spp. on Clostridium botulinum;" Anaerobe, 2013, 20, 74-78; DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.01.005. ABSTRACT: During the last 10-15 years, an increase of Clostridium botulinum associated diseases in cattle has been observed in Germany. The reason for this development is currently unknown.
- [Ackermann et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ackermann-et-al-2015/) - Ackermann, W., Coenen, M., Schrodl, W., Shehata, A. A., & Kruger, M.; "The influence of glyphosate on the microbiota and production of botulinum neurotoxin during ruminal fermentation;" Current Microbiology, 2015, 70(3), 374-382; DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0732-3. ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of glyphosate on the microbiota and on the botulinum
- [Shehata et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/shehata-et-al-2013/) - Shehata, A. A., Schrodl, W., Aldin, A. A., Hafez, H. M., & Kruger, M.; "The effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro;" Current Microbiology, 2013, 66(4), 350-358; DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0277-2. ABSTRACT: The use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. The aim of the present study
- [Tremlett et al, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tremlett-et-al-2017/) - Tremlett, H., Bauer, K. C., Appel-Cresswell, S., Finlay, B. B., & Waubant, E.; "The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review;" Annals of Neurology, 2017, 81(3), 369-382; DOI: 10.1002/ana.24901. ABSTRACT: Almost half the cells and 1% of the unique genes found in our bodies are human, the rest are from microbes, predominantly bacteria, archaea,
- [Rodgaard et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rodgaard-et-al-2019/) - Rodgaard, E. M., Jensen, K., Vergnes, J. N., Soulieres, I., & Mottron, L.; "Temporal Changes in Effect Sizes of Studies Comparing Individuals With and Without Autism: A Meta-analysis;" JAMA Psychiatry, 2019; DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1956. ABSTRACT: IMPORTANCE: The definition and nature of autism have been highly debated, as exemplified by several revisions of the DSM (DSM-III, DSM-IIIR,
- [Patterson et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/patterson-et-al-2018/) - Patterson, E. L., Pettinga, D. J., Ravet, K., Neve, P., & Gaines, T. A.; "Glyphosate Resistance and EPSPS Gene Duplication: Convergent Evolution in Multiple Plant Species;" Journal of Heredity, 2018, 109(2), 117-125; DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx087. ABSTRACT: One of the increasingly widespread mechanisms of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate is copy number variation (CNV) of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
- [de Melo et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-melo-et-al-2019/) - de Melo, M. S., Nazari, E. M., Joaquim-Justo, C., Muller, Y. M. R., & Gismondi, E.; "Effects of low glyphosate-based herbicide concentrations on endocrine-related gene expression in the decapoda Macrobrachium potiuna;" Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019, 26(21), 21535-21545; DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05496-1. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most used herbicides worldwide and are considered
- [Duforestel et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/duforestel-et-al-2019/) - Duforestel, Manon, Nadaradjane, Arulraj, Bougras-Cartron, Gwenola, Briand, Joséphine, Olivier, Christophe, Frenel, Jean-Sébastien, Vallette, François M., Lelièvre, Sophie A., & Cartron, Pierre-François; "Glyphosate Primes Mammary Cells for Tumorigenesis by Reprogramming the Epigenome in a TET3-Dependent Manner;" Frontiers in Genetics, 2019, 10; DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00885. ABSTRACT: The acknowledgment that pollutants might influence the epigenome raises serious concerns regarding
- [Pandey et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pandey-et-al-2019/) - Pandey, A., Dhabade, P., & Kumarasamy, A.; "Inflammatory Effects of Subacute Exposure of Roundup in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue;" Dose Response, 2019, 17(2), 1559325819843380; DOI: 10.1177/1559325819843380. ABSTRACT: Roundup is a popular herbicide containing glyphosate as an active ingredient. The formulation of Roundup is speculated to have critical toxic effects, one among which is chronic
- [Mills et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mills-et-al-2019/) - Mills, P. J., Caussy, C., & Loomba, R.; "Glyphosate Excretion is Associated With Steatohepatitis and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Fatty Liver Disease;" Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2019; DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.03.045. ABSTRACT: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries.(1) Patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are considered
- [Pahwa et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pahwa-et-al-2019/) - Pahwa, M., Beane Freeman, L. E., Spinelli, J. J., Blair, A., McLaughlin, J. R., Zahm, S. H., Cantor, K. P., Weisenburger, D. D., Punam Pahwa, P. P., Dosman, J. A., Demers, P. A., & Harris, S. A.; "Glyphosate use and associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma major histological sub-types: findings from the North American Pooled Project;" Scandinavian
- [Sagiv et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sagiv-et-al-2019/) - Sagiv, S. K., Bruno, J. L., Baker, J. M., Palzes, V., Kogut, K., Rauch, S., Gunier, R., Mora, A. M., Reiss, A. L., & Eskenazi, B.; "Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional neuroimaging in adolescents living in proximity to pesticide application;" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
- [Gage et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gage-et-al-2019/) - Gage, Karla L., Krausz, Ronald F., & Walters, S. Alan; "Emerging Challenges for Weed Management in Herbicide-Resistant Crops;" Agriculture, 2019, 9(8); DOI: 10.3390/agriculture9080180. ABSTRACT: Since weed management is such a critical component of agronomic crop production systems, herbicides are widely used to provide weed control to ensure that yields are maximized. In the last few
- [Jusko et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jusko-et-al-2012/) - Jusko, T. A., Klebanoff, M. A., Brock, J. W., & Longnecker, M. P.; "In-utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and cognitive development among infants and school-aged children;" Epidemiology, 2012, 23(5), 689-698; DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31825fb61d. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) continues to be used for control of infectious diseases in several countries. In-utero exposure to DDT and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has
- [Duty et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/duty-et-al-2003/) - Duty, S. M., Singh, N. P., Silva, M. J., Barr, D. B., Brock, J. W., Ryan, L., Herrick, R. F., Christiani, D. C., & Hauser, R.; "The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay;" Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003, 111(9), 1164-1169; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5756. ABSTRACT: Phthalates are industrial chemicals
- [Wenzel et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wenzel-et-al-2018/) - Wenzel, A. G., Brock, J. W., Cruze, L., Newman, R. B., Unal, E. R., Wolf, B. J., Somerville, S. E., & Kucklick, J. R.; "Prevalence and predictors of phthalate exposure in pregnant women in Charleston, SC;" Chemosphere, 2018, 193, 394-402; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154114. ABSTRACT: Phthalates are plasticizers commonly detected in human urine due to widespread
- [Silva et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/silva-et-al-2003/) - Silva, M. J., Malek, N. A., Hodge, C. C., Reidy, J. A., Kato, K., Barr, D. B., Needham, L. L., & Brock, J. W.; "Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry;" Journal of Chromatography Part B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life
- [Kleter et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kleter-et-al-2011/) - Kleter, Gijs A, Unsworth, B, & Harris, Caroline A; "The impact of altered herbicide residues in transgenic herbicide-resistant crops on standard setting for herbicide residues;" Pest Management Science, 2011, 67, 1193-1210; DOI: 10.1002/ps.2128. ABSTRACT: The global area covered with transgenic (genetically modified) crops has rapidly increased since their introduction in the mid-1990s.Most of these crops
- [Zhang et al., 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2017b/) - Zhang, Ti , Johnson, Eric N., Mueller, Thomas C., & Willenborg, Christian J.; "Early Application of Harvest Aid Herbicides Adversely Impacts Lentil;" Agronomy Journal, 2017, 109(1), 239-248; DOI: 10.2134/agronj2016.07.0419. ABSTRACT: Applying harvest aid herbicides can dry down lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) crops evenly and quickly, and can help control late-emerging weeds. However, improper application timing
- [Zhang et al., 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zhang-et-al-2017/) - Zhang, Ti, Johnson, Eric N., & Willenborg, Christian J.; "Evaluation of Harvest-Aid Herbicides as Desiccants in Lentil Production;" Weed Technology, 2017, 30(3), 629-638; DOI: 10.1614/wt-d-16-00007.1. ABSTRACT: Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave
- [Griffin et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/griffin-et-al-2010/) - Griffin, James L., Boudreaux, Joseph M., & Miller, Donnie K.; "Herbicides As Harvest Aids;" Weed Science, 2017, 58(3), 355-358; DOI: 10.1614/ws-09-108.1. ABSTRACT: Herbicides used as harvest aids are applied at crop maturity to desiccate weed and crop foliage. Weeds present in the harvested crop can increase moisture content and foreign material, reducing grade and market
- [Wigfield et al., 1994](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wigfield-et-al-1994/) - Wigfield, Y. Y., Deneault, F., & Fillion, J.; "Residues of glyphosate and its principle metabolite in certain cereals, oilseeds, and pulses grown in Canada, 1990-1992;" Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1994, 53(4), 543-547; DOI: 10.1007/bf00199024. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate, sold under the trade names of Roundup R (for ground application) and Vision R (for forestry use),
- [Pornprom et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pornprom-et-al-2010/) - Pornprom, T., Sukcharoenvipharat, W., & Sansiriphun, D.; "Weed control with pre-emergence herbicides in vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill);" Crop Protection, 2010, 29(7), 684-690; DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.02.003. ABSTRACT: Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in the early and late rainy seasons in Thailand to evaluate the effect of pre-emergence application of herbicides and determine the herbicide
- [Cessna et al., 1994](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cessna-et-al-1994/) - Cessna, A. J., Darwent, A. L., Kirkland, K. J., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K. N., & Lefkovitch, L. P.; "Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in wheat seed and foliage following preharvest applications;" Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1994, 74(3), 653-661; DOI: 10.4141/cjps94-117. ABSTRACT: In a 2-yr study at four locations in western Canada, residues
- [Cessna et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cessna-et-al-2002/) - Cessna, A. J., Darwent, A. L., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K. N., & Kirkland, K.; "Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in field pea, barley and flax seed following preharvest applications;" Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2002, 82(2), 485-489; DOI: 10.4141/p01-094. ABSTRACT: Maximum residue levels have been established by Health Canada for seed of several
- [Aris and Leblanc, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/aris-and-leblanc-2011/) - Aris, Aziz, & Leblanc, Samuel; "Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada.;" Reproductive Toxicology, 2011, 31, 528-533; DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.004. ABSTRACT: Pesticides associated to genetically modified foods (PAGMF), are engineered to tolerate herbicides such as glyphosate (GLYP) and gluphosinate (GLUF) or insecticides such as the bacterial
- [Nielsen et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nielsen-et-al-2018/) - Nielsen, L. N., Roager, H. M., Casas, M. E., Frandsen, H. L., Gosewinkel, U., Bester, K., Licht, T. R., Hendriksen, N. B., & Bahl, M. I.; "Glyphosate has limited short-term effects on commensal bacterial community composition in the gut environment due to sufficient aromatic amino acid levels;" Environmental Pollution, 2018, 233, 364-376; DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.016. ABSTRACT:
- [Larsen et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/larsen-et-al-2012/) - Larsen, K., Najle, R., Lifschitz, A., & Virkel, G.; "Effects of sub-lethal exposure of rats to the herbicide glyphosate in drinking water: glutathione transferase enzyme activities, levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in liver, kidneys and small intestine;" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2012, 34(3), 811-818; DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.005. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (GLP), the active ingredient of
- [Chlopecka et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chlopecka-et-al-2017/) - Chlopecka, M., Mendel, M., Dziekan, N., & Karlik, W.; "The effect of glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup and its co-formulant, POEA, on the motoric activity of rat intestine - In vitro study;" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 49, 156-162; DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.010. ABSTRACT: The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Roundup, polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) and
- [Beuret et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/beuret-et-al-2005/) - Beuret, Cecilia Judith, Zirulnik, Fanny, & Giménez, María Sofía; "Effect of the herbicide glyphosate on liver lipoperoxidation in pregnant rats and their fetuses;" Reproductive Toxicology, 2005, 19(4), 501-504; DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.09.009. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a post-emergence herbicide that acts on the synthesis of amino acids and other endogenous metabolites in plants. It is commonly used in
- [El-Shenawy, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/el-shenawy-2009/) - El-Shenawy, Nahla S.; "Oxidative stress responses of rats exposed to Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate;" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2009, 28(3), 379-385; DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.06.001. Glyphosate is the active ingredient and polyoxyethyleneamine, the major component, is the surfactant present in the herbicide Roundup formulation. The objective of this study was to analyze potential cytotoxicity of
- [Ford et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ford-et-al-2017/) - Ford, B., Bateman, L. A., Gutierrez-Palominos, L., Park, R., & Nomura, D. K.; "Mapping Proteome-wide Targets of Glyphosate in Mice;" Cell Chemical Biology, 2017, 24(2), 133-140; DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.013. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup, is one of the most widely used pesticides in agriculture and home garden use. Whether glyphosate causes any
- [Gallegos et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gallegos-et-al-2016/) - Gallegos, Cristina E., Bartos, Mariana, Bras, Cristina, Gumilar, Fernanda, Antonelli, Marta C., & Minetti, Alejandra; "Exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide during pregnancy and lactation induces neurobehavioral alterations in rat offspring;" NeuroToxicology, 2016, 53, 20-28; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.015. ABSTRACT: The impact of sub-lethal doses of herbicides on human health and the environment is a matter of controversy.
- [Hued, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hued-2012/) - Hued, Andrea Cecilia, Oberhofer, Sabrina, & de los Ángeles Bistoni, María; "Exposure to a Commercial Glyphosate Formulation (Roundup®) Alters Normal Gill and Liver Histology and Affects Male Sexual Activity of Jenynsia multidentata (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes);" Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012, 62(1), 107-117; DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9686-7. ABSTRACT: Roundup is the most popular commercial glyphosate formulation applied
- [Meshkini et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/meshkini-et-al-2018/) - Meshkini, S., Rahimi-Arnaei, M., & Tafi, A. A.; "The acute and chronic effect of Roundup herbicide on histopathology and enzymatic antioxidant system of Oncorhynchus mykiss;" International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2018; DOI: 10.1007/s13762-018-2095-y. ABSTRACT: Unconventional and uncontrolled use of agricultural pesticides and their influence in aquatic ecosystems during drainage process causes the accumulation
- [Ren et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ren-et-al-2019/) - Ren, X., Dai, P., Perveen, A., Tang, Q., Zhao, L., Jia, X., Li, Y., & Li, C.; "Effects of chronic glyphosate exposure to pregnant mice on hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring;" Environmental Pollution, 2019, 254(Pt A), 112906; DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.074. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup, one of the most popular herbicides in the
- [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/international-federation-of-gynecology-and-obstetrics-2019/) - International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; "Removal of glyphosate from global usage: A Statement by the FIGO Reproductive and Developmental Environmental Health Committee," Available at: https://www.figo.org/statement-glyphosate-removal, Date posted: 07/31/2019, Date accessed: 8/6/2019. SUMMARY: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), a professional group that advocates for OB/GYN groups around the world. They work with
- [Dow AgroSciences, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dow-agrosciences-2016/) - Dow AgroSciences; "Enlist Duo Herbicide Label;" 2016. Full Text
- [Stur et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/stur-et-al-2019/) - Stur, E., Aristizabal-Pachon, A. F., Peronni, K. C., Agostini, L. P., Waigel, S., Chariker, J., Miller, D. M., Thomas, S. D., Rezzoug, F., Detogni, R. S., Reis, R. S. D., Silva Junior, W. A., & Louro, I. D.; "Glyphosate-based herbicides at low doses affect canonical pathways in estrogen positive and negative breast cancer cell lines;"
- [Teleken et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/teleken-et-al-2019/) - Teleken, J. L., Gomes, E. C. Z., Marmentini, C., Moi, M. B., Ribeiro, R. A., Balbo, S. L., Amorim, E. M. P., & Bonfleur, M. L.; "Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure during pregnancy and lactation malprograms the male reproductive morphofunction in F1 offspring;" Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 2019, 1-8; DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000382. ABSTRACT: One
- [Wang et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wang-et-al-2019/) - Wang, L., Deng, Q., Hu, H., Liu, M., Gong, Z., Zhang, S., Xu-Monette, Z. Y., Lu, Z., Young, K. H., Ma, X., & Li, Y.; "Glyphosate induces benign monoclonal gammopathy and promotes multiple myeloma progression in mice;" Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 2019, 12(1), 70; DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0767-9. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate is the most widely used
- [Bakian et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bakian-et-al-2019/) - Bakian, Amanda V., & VanDerslice, James A.; "Pesticides and autism;" BMJ, 2019, 364, l1149; DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1149. ABSTRACT: Editorial in response to von Ehrenstein et al., 2019.
- [Kubsad et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kubsad-et-al-2019/) - Kubsad, D., Nilsson, E. E., King, S. E., Sadler-Riggleman, I., Beck, D., & Skinner, M. K.; "Assessment of Glyphosate Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Pathologies and Sperm Epimutations: Generational Toxicology;" Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1), 6372; DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42860-0. ABSTRACT: Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic
- [Attina et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/attina-et-al-2016/) - Attina, T. M., Hauser, R., Sathyanarayana, S., Hunt, P. A., Bourguignon, J. P., Myers, J. P., DiGangi, J., Zoeller, R. T., & Trasande, L.; "Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis;" Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol, 2016, 4(12), 996-1003; DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30275-3. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to disease
- [Soffritti et al., 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/soffritti-et-al-2002/) - Soffritti, Morando, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Minardi, Franco, & Maltoni, Cesare; "Ramazzini Foundation Cancer Program: History and Major Projects, Life-Span Carcinogenicity Bioassay Design, Chemicals Studied, and Results;" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2002, 982, 26-45. ABSTRACT: The Ramazzini Foundation research program was started over thirty years ago. The features of this program are: (1)
- [Ford and Schust, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ford-and-schust-2009/) - Ford, Holly B., & Schust, Danny J.; "Recurrent pregnancy loss: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy;" Reviews in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2009, 2(2), 76-83. ABSTRACT: Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common occurrence, with approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies resulting in pregnancy failure. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been inconsistently defined. When defined as 3
- [Sacala & Roszak, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sacala-roszak-2019/) - Sacała, Elżbieta, & Roszak, Michał, "Mitigation of glyphosate-based herbicide toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings by ascorbic acid," Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 100(5-7), 550-559. DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2019.1567731. ABSTRACT: The toxicity of glyphosate at 3.6 mg L−1 to maize seedlings raised from un-treated seeds and the effectiveness of seed pretreatment by soaking in 0.25 mmol L−1 ascorbic acid (AsA) solution
- [Crall et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/crall-et-al-2018/) - Crall, James D, Switzer, Callin M, Oppenheimer, Robert L, Ford Versypt, Ashlee N, Dey, Biswadip, Brown, Andrea, Eyster, Mackay, Guerin, Claire, Pierce, Naomi E, Combes, Stacey A, & de Bivort, Benjamin L, "Neonicotinoid exposure disrupts bumblebee nest behavior, social networks, and thermoregulation," Science, 2018, 362(6415), 683-686. DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1598. ABSTRACT: Neonicotinoid pesticides can negatively affect bee
- [Yousef et al., 1995](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/yousef-et-al-1995/) - Yousef, M. I., Salem, M. H., Ibrahim, H. Z., Helmi, S., Seehy, M. A., & Bertheussen, K., "Toxic effects of carbofuran and glyphosate on semen characteristics in rabbits," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 1995, 30(4), 513-534. DOI: 10.1080/03601239509372951. ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic treatment with
- [Wang et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wang-et-al-2018/) - Wang, M., Zhou, X., Zang, X., Pang, Y., Chang, Q., Wang, C., & Wang, Z., "Determination of pesticides residues in vegetable and fruit samples by solid-phase microextraction with a covalent organic framework as the fiber coating coupled with gas chromatography and electron capture detection," Journal of Separation Science, 2018, 41(21), 4038-4046. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800644. ABSTRACT: In
- [Tiegs et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tiegs-et-al-2018/) - Tiegs, A. W., Landis, J., Garrido, N., Scott, R., & Hotaling, J., "Total motile sperm count trend over time across two continents: evaluation of semen analyses from 119,972 infertile men," Fertility and Sterility, 2018, 110(4). DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.093. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: While previous reports of declining sperm counts in the fertile and unselected population are concerning, the
- [Roberts et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/roberts-et-al-2019/) - Roberts, J. R., Dawley, E. H., & Reigart, J. R., "Children's low-level pesticide exposure and associations with autism and ADHD: a review," Pediatric Research, 2019, 85(2), 234-241. DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0200-z. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are chemicals that are designed specifically for the purpose of killing or suppressing another living organism. Human toxicity is possible with any pesticide, and
- [Presutti et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/presutti-et-al-2016/) - Presutti, R., Harris, S. A., Kachuri, L., Spinelli, J. J., Pahwa, M., Blair, A., Zahm, S. H., Cantor, K. P., Weisenburger, D. D., Pahwa, P., McLaughlin, J. R., Dosman, J. A., & Freeman, L. B., "Pesticide exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma in men: An analysis of the North American Pooled Project," International Journal
- [Perego et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/perego-et-al-2017/) - Perego, Maria Chiara, Caloni, Francesca, Cortinovis, Cristina, Schutz, Luis F., Albonico, Marco, Tsuzukibashi, Denise, & Spicer, Leon J., "Influence of a Roundup formulation on glyphosate effects on steroidogenesis and proliferation of bovine granulosa cells in vitro," Chemosphere, 2017, 188, 274-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.007. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) is a non-selective systemic herbicide widely used worldwide. The purpose of
- [Pembrey et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pembrey-et-al-2015/) - Pembrey, M., Saffery, R., Bygren, L. O., & Network in Epigenetic Epidemiology, "Human transgenerational responses to early-life experience: potential impact on development, health and biomedical research," Journal of Medical Genetics, 2014, 51(9), 563-572. DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102577. ABSTRACT: Mammalian experiments provide clear evidence of male line transgenerational effects on health and development from paternal or ancestral early-life
- [Owagboriaye et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/owagboriaye-et-al-2017/) - Owagboriaye, Folarin O., Dedeke, Gabriel A., Ademolu, Kehinde O., Olujimi, Olarenwaju O., Ashidi, Joseph S., & Adeyinka, Aladesida A., "Reproductive toxicity of Roundup herbicide exposure in male albino rat," Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2017, 69(7), 461-468. DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.04.007. ABSTRACT: The incidence of infertility in human is on the increase and the use of Roundup herbicide
- [Owagboriaye et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/owagboriaye-et-al-2019/) - Owagboriaye, F., Dedeke, G., Ademolu, K., Olujimi, O., Aladesida, A., & Adeleke, M., "Comparative studies on endogenic stress hormones, antioxidant, biochemical and hematological status of metabolic disturbance in albino rat exposed to roundup herbicide and its active ingredient glyphosate," Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04759-1. ABSTRACT: There have been growing concerns and
- [Olsson and Brandt, 1988](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/olsson-and-brandt-1988/) - Olsson, H., & Brandt, L., "Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men occupationally exposed to organic solvents," Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 1988, 14(4), 246-251. ABSTRACT: An occupational history of exposure to organic solvents, defined as daily occupational exposure for at least one year, was more common among 167 men with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's
- [Oates et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/oates-et-al-2014/) - Oates, Liza, Cohen, Marc, Braun, Lesley, Schembri, Adrian, & Taskova, Rilka, "Reduction in urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites in adults after a week-long organic diet," Environmental Research, 2014, 132, 105-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.021. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Conventional food production commonly uses organophosphate (OP) pesticides, which can have negative health effects, while organic food is deemed healthier because it
- [Nevison, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nevison-2014/) - Nevison, C. D., "A comparison of temporal trends in United States autism prevalence to trends in suspected environmental factors," Environmental Health, 2014, 13, 73. DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-73. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diagnosed autism has increased rapidly over the last several decades among U.S. children. Environmental factors are thought to be driving this increase and a
- [Lang and Nuevo-Chiquero, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lang-and-nuevo-chiquero-2012/) - Lang, K., & Nuevo-Chiquero, A., "Trends in self-reported spontaneous abortions: 1970-2000," Demography, 2012, 49(3), 989-1009. DOI: 10.1007/s13524-012-0113-0. ABSTRACT: Little is known about how the miscarriage rate has changed over the past few decades in the United States. Data from Cycles IV to VI of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were used to examine
- [Jasper et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jasper-et-al-2012/) - Jasper, R., Locatelli, G. O., Pilati, C., & Locatelli, C., "Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup(®)," Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2012, 5(3), 133-140. DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0022-5. ABSTRACT: We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of glyphosate-Roundup® on male and female albino Swiss mice. The animals were treated
- [Ingaramo et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ingaramo-et-al-2016/) - Ingaramo, P. I., Varayoud, J., Milesi, M. M., Schimpf, M. G., Munoz-de-Toro, M., & Luque, E. H., "Effects of neonatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on female rat reproduction," Reproduction, 2016, 152(5), 403-415. DOI: 10.1530/REP-16-0171. ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated whether neonatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) alters the reproductive performance and the
- [Hernández-Plata et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hernandez-plata-et-al-2015/) - Hernández-Plata, Isela, Giordano, Magda, Díaz-Muñoz, Mauricio, & Rodríguez, Verónica M., "The herbicide glyphosate causes behavioral changes and alterations in dopaminergic markers in male Sprague-Dawley rat," NeuroToxicology, 2015, 46, 79-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.001. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (Glyph) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations. Reports of Glyph exposure in humans and animal models suggest that it may
- [Donahue et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/donahue-et-al-2010/) - Donahue, S. M., Kleinman, K. P., Gillman, M. W., & Oken, E., "Trends in birth weight and gestational length among singleton term births in the United States: 1990-2005," Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2010, 115(2 Pt 1), 357-364. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cbd5f5. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes over time in birth weight for gestational age and in gestational length
- [Chang et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chang-et-al-2018/) - Chang, S., Nazem, T. G., Gounko, D., Lee, J., Bar-Chama, N., Shamonki, J. M., Antonelli, C., & Copperman, A. B., "Eleven year longitudinal study of U.S. sperm donors demonstrates declining sperm count and motility," Fertility and Sterility, 2018, 110(4), e54-e55. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.170. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Physicians and public health experts have been investigating whether there is
- [Cattani et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cattani-et-al-2017/) - Cattani, D., Cesconetto, P. A., Tavares, M. K., Parisotto, E. B., De Oliveira, P. A., Rieg, C. E. H., Leite, M. C., Prediger, R. D. S., Wendt, N. C., Razzera, G., Filho, D. W., & Zamoner, A., "Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring: Implication of glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress,"
- [Catov et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/catov-et-al-2016/) - Catov, J. M., Lee, M., Roberts, J. M., Xu, J., & Simhan, H. N., "Race Disparities and Decreasing Birth Weight: Are All Babies Getting Smaller?," American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016, 183(1), 15-23. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv194. ABSTRACT: The mean infant birth weight in the United States increased for decades, but it might now be decreasing. Given race
- [Cai et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cai-et-al-2017/) - Cai, Wenyan, Ji, Ying, Song, Xianping, Guo, Haoran, Han, Lei, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Xin, Zhang, Hengdong, Zhu, Baoli, & Xu, Ming, "Effects of glyphosate exposure on sperm concentration in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 55, 148-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.015. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Correlation between exposure to glyphosate and sperm concentrations is
- [Beranger et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/beranger-et-al-2018/) - Beranger, R., Hardy, E. M., Dexet, C., Guldner, L., Zaros, C., Nougadere, A., Metten, M. A., Chevrier, C., & Appenzeller, B. M. R., "Multiple pesticide analysis in hair samples of pregnant French women: Results from the ELFE national birth cohort," Environment International, 2018, 120, 43-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.023. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests
- [Slaby et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/slaby-et-al-2019/) - Slaby, S., Titran, P., Marchand, G., Hanotel, J., Lescuyer, A., Lepretre, A., Bodart, J. F., Marin, M., & Lemiere, S., "Effects of glyphosate and a commercial formulation Roundup(R) exposures on maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes," Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04596-2. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are often found at high concentrations in small ponds
- [Pahwa et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pahwa-et-al-2012/) - Pahwa, M., Harris, S. A., Hohenadel, K., McLaughlin, J. R., Spinelli, J. J., Pahwa, P., Dosman, J. A., & Blair, A., "Pesticide use, immunologic conditions, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men in six provinces," International Journal of Cancer, 2012, 131(11), 2650-2659. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27522. ABSTRACT: Pesticide exposures and immune suppression have been independently associated
- [Wozniak et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wozniak-et-al-2018/) - Wozniak, E., Sicinska, P., Michalowicz, J., Wozniak, K., Reszka, E., Huras, B., Zakrzewski, J., & Bukowska, B., "The mechanism of DNA damage induced by Roundup 360 PLUS, glyphosate and AMPA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells - genotoxic risk assessement," Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018, 120, 510-522. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.035. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most heavily
- [Varayoud et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/varayoud-et-al-2017/) - Varayoud, J., Durando, M., Ramos, J. G., Milesi, M. M., Ingaramo, P. I., Munoz-de-Toro, M., & Luque, E. H., "Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the uterus of adult ovariectomized rats," Environmental Toxicology, 2017, 32(4), 1191-1201. DOI: 10.1002/tox.22316. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations. Different reports suggest that glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs)
- [Valle et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/valle-et-al-2018/) - Valle, A. L., Mello, F. C. C., Alves-Balvedi, R. P., Rodrigues, L. P., & Goulart, L. R., "Glyphosate detection: methods, needs and challenges," Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-018-0789-5. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is considered toxicologically harmful and presents potential association with human carcinogenesis and other chronic diseases, including mental and reproductive behaviors. The challenges to analyse
- [Townsend et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/townsend-et-al-2017/) - Townsend, M., Peck, C., Meng, W., Heaton, M., Robison, R., & O'Neill, K., "Evaluation of various glyphosate concentrations on DNA damage in human Raji cells and its impact on cytotoxicity," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 85, 79-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.002. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a highly used active compound in agriculturally based pesticides. The literature regarding the
- [Tarazona et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tarazona-et-al-2017/) - Tarazona, J. V., Court-Marques, D., Tiramani, M., Reich, H., Pfeil, R., Istace, F., & Crivellente, F., "Glyphosate toxicity and carcinogenicity: a review of the scientific basis of the European Union assessment and its differences with IARC," Archives of Toxicology, 2017, 91(8), 2723-2743. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1962-5. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. It is
- [Szepanowski et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/szepanowski-et-al-2018/) - Szepanowski, F., Szepanowski, L. P., Mausberg, A. K., Albrecht, P., Kleinschnitz, C., Kieseier, B. C., & Stettner, M., "Differential impact of pure glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicide in a model of peripheral nervous system myelination," Acta Neuropatholologica, 2018, 136(6), 979-982. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1938-4. ABSTRACT: Not available. FULL TEXT
- [Shergill et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/shergill-et-al-2018/) - Shergill, Lovreet S., Barlow, Blake R., Bish, Mandy D., & Bradley, Kevin W., "Investigations of 2,4-D and Multiple Herbicide Resistance in a Missouri Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population," Weed Science, 2018, 66(3), 386-394. DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2017.82. ABSTRACT: Research was conducted from 2015 to 2017 to investigate the potential for 2,4-D and multiple herbicide resistance in a waterhemp
- [Santovito et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/santovito-et-al-2018/) - Santovito, A., Ruberto, S., Gendusa, C., & Cervella, P., "In vitro evaluation of genomic damage induced by glyphosate on human lymphocytes," Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2018, 25(34), 34693-34700. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3417-9. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is an important broad-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture and residential areas for weed and vegetation control, respectively. In our study, we
- [Rice et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rice-et-al-2018/) - Rice, J.R., Dunlap, P., Ramaiahgari, S., Ferguson, S., Smith-Roe, S.L., & DeVito, M., "Poster: Effects of Glyphosate and its Formulations on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Cell Viability in HepaRG and HaCaT Cell Lines, 2018, Presented at the Society of Toxicology Conference. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient found in herbicide formulations worldwide. GLY
- [Nardi et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nardi-et-al-2017/) - Nardi, Jessica, Moras, Patricia Bonamigo, Koeppe, Carina, Dallegrave, Eliane, Leal, Mirna Bainy, & Rossato-Grando, Luciana Grazziotin, "Prepubertal subchronic exposure to soy milk and glyphosate leads to endocrine disruption," Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017, 100, 247-252. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.030. ABSTRACT: Lactose intolerance is characterized by low or inexistent levels of lactase, and the main treatment consists of
- [Motta et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/motta-et-al-2018/) - Motta, Erick V S, Raymann, Kasie, & Moran, Nancy A, "Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(41), 10305-10310. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803880115. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate, the primary herbicide used globally for weed control, targets the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme in the shikimate
- [Milesi et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/milesi-et-al-2018/) - Milesi, Maria M, Lorenz, Virginia, Pacini, Guillermina, Repetti, Maria R, Demonte, Luisina D, Varayoud, Jorgelina, & Luque, Enrique H, "Perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide impairs female reproductive outcomes and induces second-generation adverse effects in Wistar rats," Archives of Toxicology, 2018, 92(8), 2629-2643. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2236-6. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most globally used herbicides
- [Mesnage et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/4233/) - Mesnage, Robin, & Antoniou, Michael N, "Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety Profile of Commercial Pesticides," Frontiers in Public Health, 2017, 5, 361. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00361. ABSTRACT: Commercial formulations of pesticides are invariably not single ingredients. Instead they are cocktails of chemicals, composed of a designated pesticidal "active principle" and "other ingredients," with the latter collectively
- [Martinez et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/martinez-et-al-2018/) - Martinez, Daisy A, Loening, Ulrich E, & Graham, Margaret C, "Impacts of glyphosate-based herbicides on disease resistance and health of crops: a review," Environmental Sciences Europe, 2018, 30(1), 2. DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0131-7. ABSTRACT: Based on experimental data from laboratory and field, numerous authors have raised concern that exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) may pre-dispose crops to
- [Martin et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/martin-et-al-2018/) - Martin, F. L., Martinez, E. Z., Stopper, H., Garcia, S. B., Uyemura, S. A., & Kannen, V., "Increased exposure to pesticides and colon cancer: Early evidence in Brazil," Chemosphere, 2018, 209, 623-631. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.118. ABSTRACT: Environmental factors may increase colon cancer (CC) risk. It has been suggested that pesticides could play a significant role in
- [Luo et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/luo-et-al-2017/) - Luo, Lei, Wang, Fei, Zhang, Yiyuan, Zeng, Ming, Zhong, Caigao, & Xiao, Fang, "In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of Roundup (glyphosate) in L-02 hepatocytes," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2017, 52(6), 410-417. DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1293449. ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study was to elucidate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Roundup and to reveal
- [Kniss, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kniss-2016/) - Kniss, A. R., "Long-term trends in the intensity and relative toxicity of herbicide use," Nature Communications, 2017, 8, 14865. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14865. ABSTRACT: Herbicide use is among the most criticized aspects of modern farming, especially as it relates to genetically engineered (GE) crops. Many previous analyses have used flawed metrics to evaluate herbicide intensity and toxicity
- [Kwiatkowska et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kwiatkowska-et-al-2017/) - Kwiatkowska, Marta, Reszka, Edyta, Wozniak, Katarzyna, Jablonska, Ewa, Michalowicz, Jaromir, & Bukowska, Bozena, "DNA damage and methylation induced by glyphosate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro study)," Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017, 105, 93-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.051. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a very important herbicide that is widely used in the agriculture, and thus the
- [Krimsky and Gillam, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/krimsky-and-gillam-2018/) - Krimsky, Sheldon, & Gillam, Carey, "Roundup litigation discovery documents: implications for public health and journal ethics," Journal of Public Health Policy, 2018, 39(3), 318-326. DOI: 10.1057/s41271-018-0134-z. ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the court-released discovery documents obtained from litigation against Monsanto over its herbicide Roundup and through Freedom of Information Act requests (requests to regulatory agencies and
- [Koo et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/koo-et-al-2018/) - Koo, Dal-Hoe, Molin, William T, Saski, Christopher A, Jiang, Jiming, Putta, Karthik, Jugulam, Mithila, Friebe, Bernd, & Gill, Bikram S, "Extrachromosomal circular DNA-based amplification and transmission of herbicide resistance in crop weed Amaranthus palmeri," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(13), 3332-3337. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719354115. ABSTRACT: Gene amplification
- [Kasuba et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kasuba-et-al-2018/) - Kasuba, Vilena, Milic, Mirta, Rozgaj, Ruzica, Kopjar, Nevenka, Mladinic, Marin, Zunec, Suzana, Vrdoljak, Ana Lucic, Pavicic, Ivan, Cermak, Ana Marija Marjanovic, Pizent, Alica, Lovakovic, Blanka Tariba, & Zeljezic, Davor, "Effects of low doses of glyphosate on DNA damage, cell proliferation and oxidative stress in the HepG2 cell line," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(23),
- [Jiang et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jiang-et-al-2018/) - Jiang, X., Zhang, N., Yin, L., Zhang, W. L., Han, F., Liu, W. B., Chen, H. Q., Cao, J., & Liu, J. Y., "A commercial Roundup(R) formulation induced male germ cell apoptosis by promoting the expression of XAF1 in adult mice.," Toxicology Letters, 2018, 296, 163-172, DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1067. ABSTRACT: Roundup(R) is extensively used for weed
- [Hong et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hong-et-al-2018/) - Hong, Y., Yang, X., Huang, Y., Yan, G., & Cheng, Y., "Assessment of the oxidative and genotoxic effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis," Chemosphere, 2018, 210, 896-906. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.069. ABSTRACT: In the present study, an acute toxic test was performed to assess the oxidative stress and genotoxic effects of the
- [Henner and Backhaus, 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/henner-and-backhaus-2019/) - Hollert, Henner, & Backhaus, Thomas, "Some food for thought: a short comment on Charles Benbrook´s paper 'How did the US EPA and IARC reach diametrically opposed conclusions on the genotoxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides?' and its implications," Environmental Sciences Europe, 2019, 31(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12302-019-0187-z. ABSTRACT: Not available. FULL TEXT
- [Hicks et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hicks-et-al-2018/) - Hicks, Helen L., Comont, David, Coutts, Shaun R., Crook, Laura, Hull, Richard, Norris, Ken, Neve, Paul, Childs, Dylan Z., & Freckleton, Robert P., "The factors driving evolved herbicide resistance at a national scale," Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 2(3), 529-536. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0470-1. ABSTRACT: Repeated use of xenobiotic chemicals has selected for the rapid evolution of resistance,
- [Harre et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/harre-et-al-2017/) - Harre, Nick T., Nie, Haozhen, Robertson, Renae R., Johnson, William G., Weller, Stephen C., & Young, Bryan G., "Distribution of Herbicide-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in Indiana and Characterization of Distinct Glyphosate-Resistant Biotypes," Weed Science, 2017, 65(06), 699-709. DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2017.56. ABSTRACT: Giant ragweed is a highly competitive weed that continually threatens crop production systems due
- [Guerrero Schimpf et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/guerrero-schimpf-et-al-2018/) - Guerrero Schimpf, M., Milesi, M. M., Luque, E. H., & Varayoud, J.m "Glyphosate-based herbicide enhances the uterine sensitivity to estradiol in rats," Journal of Endocrinology, 2018, 239(2), 197-213. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-18-0207. ABSTRACT: In a previous work, we detected that postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) alters uterine development in prepubertal rats causing endometrial hyperplasia and
- [Green, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/green-2018/) - Green, J. M., "The rise and future of glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crops," Pest Management Science, 2018, 74(5), 1035-1039. DOI: 10.1002/ps.4462. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crops had a revolutionary impact on weed management practices, but the epidemic of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds is rapidly decreasing the value of these technologies. In areas that fully adopted glyphosate and GR
- [Feat-Vetel et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/feat-vetel-et-al-2018/) - Feat-Vetel, Justyne, Larrigaldie, Vanessa, Meyer-Dilhet, Geraldine, Herzine, Ameziane, Mougin, Camille, Laugeray, Anthony, Gefflaut, Thierry, Richard, Olivier, Quesniaux, Valerie, Montecot-Dubourg, Celine, & Mortaud, Stephane, "Multiple effects of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium and its main metabolite on neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of newborn mice," NeuroToxicology, 2018, 69, 152-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.001. ABSTRACT: The globally used herbicide
- [EPA, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2017/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Revised Glyphosate Issue Paper: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential," Office of Pesticide Programs, December 12, 2017, Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?Lab=OPP&dirEntryId=337935. SUMMARY: Not available. FULL TEXT
- [DeVito, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/devito-2017/) - DeVito, Michael, "Update on NTP Studies of Glyphosate," Presented at the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Board of Scientific Counselors Meeting, December 7-8, 2017. SUMMARY: Not available. FULL TEXT
- [Dellaferrera et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dellaferrera-et-al-2018/) - Dellaferrera, Ignacio, Cortés, Eduardo, Panigo, Elisa, De Prado, Rafael, Christoffoleti, Pedro, & Perreta, Mariel, "First Report of Amaranthus hybridus with Multiple Resistance to 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate," Agronomy, 2018, 8(8). DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080140. ABSTRACT: In many countries, Amaranthus hybridus is a widespread weed in agricultural systems. The high prolificacy and invasive capacity as well as the
- [Defarge et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/defarge-et-al-2018/) - Defarge, N., Spiroux de Vendomois, J., & Seralini, G. E., "Toxicity of formulants and heavy metals in glyphosate-based herbicides and other pesticides," Toxicology Reports, 2018, 5, 156-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.025. ABSTRACT: The major pesticides of the world are glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), and their toxicity is highly debated. To understand their mode of action, the comparative herbicidal
- [de Souza et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-souza-et-al-2017/) - de Souza, Janaina Sena, Kizys, Marina Malta Letro, da Conceicao, Rodrigo Rodrigues, Glebocki, Gabriel, Romano, Renata Marino, Ortiga-Carvalho, Tania Maria, Giannocco, Gisele, da Silva, Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro, Dias da Silva, Magnus Regios, Romano, Marco Aurelio, & Chiamolera, Maria Izabel, "Perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide alters the thyrotrophic axis and causes thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance
- [De Almeida et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-almeida-et-al-2018/) - De Almeida, L. K. S., Pletschke, B. I., & Frost, C. L., "Moderate levels of glyphosate and its formulations vary in their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a whole blood model and in human cell lines with different estrogen receptor status," 3 Biotech, 2018, 8(10), 438. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1464-z. ABSTRACT: In vitro studies were conducted to determine the
- [Davoren and Schiestl, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/davoren-et-al-2018/) - Davoren, Michael J, & Schiestl, Robert H., "Glyphosate-based herbicides and cancer risk: a post-IARC decision review of potential mechanisms, policy and avenues of research," Carcinogenesis, 2018, 39:10, 1207-1215. DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgy105. ABSTRACT: Since its initial sales in the 1970s, the herbicide glyphosate attained widespread use in modern agriculture, becoming the most commercially successful and widely used herbicide
- [Clausing et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/clausing-et-al-2018/) - Clausing, P., Robinson, C., & Burtscher-Schaden, H., "Pesticides and public health: an analysis of the regulatory approach to assessing the carcinogenicity of glyphosate in the European Union," Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2018, 72(8), 668-672, DOI:10.1136/jech-2017-209776. ABSTRACT: The present paper scrutinises the European authorities' assessment of the carcinogenic hazard posed by glyphosate based on
- [Caballero et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/caballero-et-al-2018/) - Caballero, M., Amiri, S., Denney, J. T., Monsivais, P., Hystad, P., & Amram, O., "Estimated Residential Exposure to Agricultural Chemicals and Premature Mortality by Parkinson's Disease in Washington State," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15(12). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122885. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated residential
- [Bailey et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bailey-et-al-2018/) - Bailey, D. C., Todt, C. E., Burchfield, S. L., Pressley, A. S., Denney, R. D., Snapp, I. B., Negga, R., Traynor, W. L., & Fitsanakis, V. A., "Chronic exposure to a glyphosate-containing pesticide leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production in Caenorhabditis elegans," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2048, 57, 46-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.11.005.
- [Anifandis et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/anifandis-et-al-2017/) - Anifandis, G., Amiridis, G., Dafopoulos, K., Daponte, A., Dovolou, E., Gavriil, E., Gorgogietas, V., Kachpani, E., Mamuris, Z., Messini, C. I., Vassiou, K., & Psarra, A. G., "The In Vitro Impact of the Herbicide Roundup on Human Sperm Motility and Sperm Mitochondria," Toxics, 2017, 6:1, DOI:10.3390/toxics6010002. ABSTRACT: Toxicants, such as herbicides, have been hypothesized to affect
- [Alarcon et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alarcon-et-al-2019/) - Alarcon, R., Ingaramo, P. I., Rivera, O. E., Dioguardi, G. H., Repetti, M. R., Demonte, L. D., Milesi, M. M., Varayoud, J., Munoz-de-Toro, M., & Luque, E. H., "Neonatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide alters the histofunctional differentiation of the ovaries and uterus in lambs," Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2019, 482, 45-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.007. ABSTRACT:
- [Manservisi et al., 2019](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manservisi-et-al-2019/) - Manservisi, Fabiana, Lesseur, Corina, Panzacchi, Simona, Mandrioli, Daniele, Falcioni, Laura, Bua, Luciano, Manservigi, Marco, Spinaci, Marcella, Galeati, Giovanna, Mantovani, Alberto, Lorenzetti, Stefano, Miglio, Rossella, Andrade, Anderson Martino, Kristensen, David Møbjerg, Perry, Melissa J., Swan, Shanna H., Chen, Jia, & Belpoggi, Fiorella. "The Ramazzini Institute 13-week pilot study glyphosate-based herbicides administered at human-equivalent dose to Sprague
- [Cocco et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cocco-et-al-2013/) - Cocco, Pierluigi, Satta, Giannina, Dubois, Stefania, Pili, Claudia, Pilleri, Michela, Zucca, Mariagrazia, ‘t Mannetje, Andrea Martine, Becker, Nikolaus, Benavente, Yolanda, de Sanjosé, Silvia, Foretova, Lenka, Staines, Anthony, Maynadié, Marc, Nieters, Alexandra, Brennan, Paul, Miligi, Lucia, Ennas, Maria Grazia, & Boffetta, Paolo, "Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the EPILYMPH study," Occupational and Environmental
- [Hohenadel et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hohenadel-et-al-2011/) - Hohenadel, Karin, Harris, Shelley A, McLaughlin, John R, Spinelli, John J, Pahwa, Punam, Dosman, James A, Demers, Paul A, & Blair, Aaron., "Exposure to multiple pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men from six Canadian provinces," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011, 8(6), 2320-2330. doi:10.3390/ijerph8062320. ABSTRACT: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been
- [Wijkstrom et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/4021/) - Wijkstrom, Julia; Jayasumana, Channa; Dassanayake, Rajeewa; Priyawardane, Nalin; Godakanda, Nimali; Siribaddana, Sisira; Ring, Anneli; Hultenby, Kjell Soderberg, Magnus; Elinder, Carl-Gustaf; Wernerson, Annika, "Morphological and clinical findings in Sri Lankan patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu): Similarities and differences with Mesoamerican Nephropathy, PLoS One, 2018, 13:3, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0193056. ABSTRACT: In Sri Lanka, an endemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) is
- [Connolly et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/connolly-et-al-2018/) - Connolly A, Jones K, Basinas I, Galea KS, Kenny L, McGowan P, Coggins MA, "Exploring the half-life of glyphosate in human urine samples," International Journal of Hygeine and Environmental Health, 2018 (EPub), doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.09.004. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently classified glyphosate as a Group 2A ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’.
- [Jayasumana, 2015b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jayasumana-2015b/) - Jayasumana C, Paranagama P, Agampodi S, Wijewardane C, Gunatilake S, Siribaddana S, "Drinking well water and occupational exposure to Herbicides is associated with chronic kidney disease in Padavi-Sripura, Sri Lanka," 2015, Environmental Health, 14:6, DOI:10.1186/1476-069X-14-6. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) among paddy farmers in was first reported in 1994 and
- [Bradman et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradman-et-al-2013/) - Bradman, Asa; Kogut, Katherine; Eisen, Ellen A; Jewell, Nicholas P; Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam; Castorina, Rosemary; Chevrier, Jonathan; Holland, Nina T; Barr, Dana Boyd; Kavanagh-Baird, Geri; Eskenazi, Brenda, "Variability of organophosphorous pesticide metabolite levels in spot and 24-hr urine samples collected from young children during 1 week," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013, 121:118-124. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1104808. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites in spot urine samples are
- [Samarasinghe, 2013-2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/samarasinghe-2013-2014/) - Buddhini Samarasinghe, "The Hallmarks of Cancer, Parts 1-9," Scientific American, September 1, 2013-October 8, 2014. SUMMARY: The Hallmarks of Cancer are the ten characteristics that differentiate a cancer cell from a normal cell. Over the course of a year, science translator Dr. Buddhini Samarasinghe tackled each of the the ten Hallmarks of Cancer in a guest
- [Pallett, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pallett-2018/) - Pallett K, "Engineered Crop Tolerance to Glyphosate and its Impact on the Use of the Herbicide," Outlooks on Pest Management, December 2018. doi:10.1564/v29_dec_11. ABSTRACT: The agricultural importance and particularly the consequences of the use of glyphosate in crops engineered to be tolerant to this non-selective herbicide is discussed in some of the other articles in this
- [Richmond, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/richmond-2018/) - Richmond, Martha E., "Glyphosate: A review of its global use, environmental impact, and potential health effects on humans and other species," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Published online 09/28/2018, doi:10.1007/s13412-018-0517-2. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate, [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine], was synthesized in 1950 and patented as a chemical chelator, capable of binding metals such as calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Glyphosate’s
- [Gullickson, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gullickson-2018/) - Gil Gullickson, "Minnesota Dicamba Temperature, Cutoff Dates Credited for Less Off-Target Movement," Successful Farming, Published Online September 27, 2018. SUMMARY: Looks at upcoming re-registration decision on dicamba by EPA. Reports that "in 2017, inquiries regarding off-target dicamba in the Roundup Ready 2 Xtend system tallied 99 inquires per 1 million acres. This year, it’s down
- [Neff, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/neff-2018/) - Lisa Neff, "Farmers, conservationists challenge Trump’s EPA, Monsanto over crop-damaging pesticide," The Wisconsin Gazette, February 13, 2018. SUMMARY: Wisconsin Gazette describes the suit against the EPA and Monsanto, which was initiated by five agricultural and environmental watchdog organizations: the Center for Biological Diversity, Center for Food Safety, Earthjustice, National Family Farm Coalition, and Pesticide Action Network. The
- [Hettinger, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hettinger-2018/) - Johnathan Hettinger, "EPA eased herbicide regulations following Monsanto research, records show," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 1, 2018. SUMMARY: Reports on a document review investigation that reveals that Monsanto's own science played a key role in how the use restrictions for the new dicamba formulations for use with Xtend crops were set. EPA had originally proposed a larger,
- [Bradley, 2018a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradley-2018a-2/) - Kevin Bradley, “July 15 Dicamba injury update. Different Year, same questions,” Integrated Pest Management, University of Missouri, July 19, 2018. SUMMARY: latest drift-damage estimates from 2018 have been released by Dr. Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri Division of Plant Sciences. Bradley has been compiling national numbers since the crisis began and is one of the most respected, independent
- [Beck, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/beck-2018/) - Madelyn Beck, "Federal Suit Alleges Companies Knew Dicamba Would Drift, Monsanto Created Monopoly," KUNC Radio, August 8, 2018. SUMMARY: Describes court documents filed August 2018 on two “master complaints” in the dicamba drift Multi District Litigation (MDL) pending in federal court. The first complaint is a crop damage class action, and the second alleges antitrust violations. Lawyers representing the
- [Kennedy, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kennedy-2018/) - Merritt Kennedy, "West Texas Vineyards Blasted By Herbicide Drift From Nearby Cotton Fields," NPR, August 21, 2018. SUMMARY: Reports on vineyards in Texas damaged by dicmaba drift from Xtend cotton plantings. Grapes are particularly sensitive to dicamba, and can take years to recover. Radio portion includes interviews with farmers on both sides of the issue. Dicamba
- [Polansek, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/polansek-2018/) - Tom Polansek, "U.S. seed sellers push for limits on Monsanto, BASF weed killer," Reuters, August 16, 2018. SUMMARY: Reports on the 2018 dicamba drift crisis and the decision by two large U.S. seed sellers to urge EPA to ban dicamba use overtop of growing resistant crops. Harry Stine, CEO of Stine Seeds, says : "“I’ve been
- [Chow, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chow-2018/) - Lorraine Chow, "Top Seed Companies Urge EPA to Limit Dicamba," EcoWatch, August 17, 2018. SUMMARY: Reports on comments by top seed companies in U.S. to EPA urging they ban dicamba use in summer and fall. Includes a statement by Beck's Hybrids, the largest seed company in the U.S.. FULL TEXT
- [Steckel, 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/steckel-2018/) - Larry Steckel, "Dicamba drift problems not an aberration," Delta Farm Press, August 8, 2018. SUMMARY: Veteran Tennessee extension weed scientist Larry Steckel writes about the ongoing drift crisis. He estimates that only 100,000 acres of non-Xtend soybeans remain in the state, and 40% of those are showing injury from dicamba. He stand by efforts of
- [Bradley, 2018a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradley-2018a/) - Kevin Bradley, "July 15 Dicamba injury update. Different Year, same questions," University of Missouri, Integrated Pest Management online article, July 19, 2018. SUMMARY: First update on 2018 dicamba drift damage. Reports 1.1 million acres of soybeans damaged, and 605 total complaints across all crops. FULL TEXT
- [Davis and Frisvold, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/davis-and-frisvold-2017/) - Adam S. Davis, George B. Frisvold, "Are herbicides a once in a century method of weed control?," Pest Management Science, 2017, 73:11, DOI: 10.1002/ps.443. ABSTRACT: The efficacy of any pesticide is an exhaustible resource that can be depleted over time. For decades, the dominant paradigm – that weed mobility is low relative to insect pests and
- [Gould et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gould-et-al-2018/) - Fred Gould, Zachary S. Brown, Jennifer Kuzma, "Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance?," Science, May 18, 2018, 360: 6390, DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3780. ABSTRACT: Resistance to insecticides and herbicides has cost billions of U.S. dollars in the agricultural sector and could result in millions of lives lost to insect-vectored diseases. We mostly continue to use pesticides as if
- [Skinner et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/skinner-et-al-2015/) - Skinner MK, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Haque MM, "Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of sperm epimutations promote genetic mutations," Epigenetics, 2015, 10:8, DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1062207. ABSTRACT A variety of environmental factors have been shown to induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and phenotypic variation. This involves the germline transmission of epigenetic information between generations. Exposure specific transgenerational sperm epimutations
- [Manikkam et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manikkam-et-al-2013/) - Mohan Manikkam, Rebecca Tracey, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Michael K. Skinner , "Plastics Derived Endocrine Disruptors (BPA, DEHP and DBP) Induce Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Obesity, Reproductive Disease and Sperm Epimutations," PLoS ONE, January 24, 2013, 8:1, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055387 ABSTRACT: Environmental compounds are known to promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease in subsequent generations (F1–F3) following ancestral
- [Manikkam et al., 2012c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manikkam-et-al-2012c/) - Mohan Manikkam, Rebecca Tracey, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Michael K. Skinner , "Dioxin (TCDD) Induces Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Adult Onset Disease and Sperm Epimutations," PLoS ONE, 2012, 7:9, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046249. ABSTRACT: Environmental compounds can promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease in subsequent generations following ancestral exposure during fetal gonadal sex determination. The current study examined the ability
- [Simon-Delso et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/simon-delso-et-al-2015/) - N. Simon-Delso,corresponding author V. Amaral-Rogers, L. P. Belzunces, J. M. Bonmatin, M. Chagnon, C. Downs, L. Furlan, D. W. Gibbons, C. Giorio, V. Girolami, D. Goulson, D. P. Kreutzweiser, C. H. Krupke, M. Liess, E. Long, M. McField, P. Mineau, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. A. Morrissey, D. A. Noome, L. Pisa, J. Settele, J.
- [Liebman et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/liebman-et-al-2016/) - Matt Liebman, Bàrbara Baraibar, Yvonne Buckley, Dylan Childs, Svend Christensen, Roger Cousens, Hanan Eizenberg, Sanne Heijting, Donato Loddo, Aldo Merotto Jr, Michael Renton, Marleen Riemens, "Ecologically sustainable weed management: How do we get from proof-of-concept to adoption?," Ecological Applications, 26:5, 2016, DOI: 10.1002/15-0995 ABSTRACT: Weed management is a critically important activity on both agricultural and non‐agricultural lands,
- [Nowell et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nowell-et-al-2018/) - Nowell Lisa H., Moran Patrick W., Schmidt Travis S., Norman Julia E., Nakagaki Naomi, Shoda Megan E., Mahler Barbara J., Van Metre Peter C., Stone Wesley W., Sandstrom Mark W., Hladik Michelle L., "Complex mixtures of dissolved pesticides show potential aquatic toxicity in a synoptic study of Midwestern U.S. streams," Science of the Total Environment, 613-614, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.156 ABSTRACT: Aquatic organisms in streams are exposed to
- [Stone et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/stone-et-al-2014/) - Wesley A. Stone, Robert J,. Gillom, and Karen R. Ryberg, "Pesticides in U.S. Streams and Rivers: Occurrence and Trends during 1992−2011," Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48, DOI: 10.1021/es5025367 ABSTRACT: During the 20 years from 1992 to 2011, pesticides were found at concentrations that exceeded aquatic-life benchmarks in many rivers and streams that drain agricultural, urban, and mixed-land use
- [Westerman et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/westerman-et-al-2005/) - Paula R. Westerman, Matt Liebman, Fabián D. Menalled, Andrew H. Heggenstaller, Robert G. Hartzler, Philip M. Dixon, "Are many little hammers effective? Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) population dynamics in two- and four-year crop rotation systems," Weed Science, 53, 2005. ABSTRACT: To improve understanding of relationships between crop diversity, weed management practices, and weed population dynamics, we used data from a
- [Liebman, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/liebman-2017/) - Matt Liebman, "Cultural techniques to manage weeds," in Integrated weed management for sustainable agriculture, Ed: Robert Zimdahl, 2017, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. SUMMARY: The focus of this chapter is on cultural techniques that can also contribute to effective weed management strategies, including choice of crop density, crop arrangement, and crop genotype, and manipulation of initial crop size, soil fertility,
- [Liebman and Davis, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/liebman-and-davis-2009/) - Matt Liebman and Adam Davis, "Managing Weeds in Organic Farming Systems: An Ecological Approach," In Organic Farming: The Ecological System, Ed: Charles Francis, 2009. SUMMARY: In this chapter, we describe major components of the weed management tool kit for organic farming, highlighting areas in which important advances have been made in the last decade. We then argue that instead
- [Laugeray et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/laugeray-et-al-2014/) - Anthony Laugeray, Ameziane Herzine, Olivier Perche,1,2 Betty Hébert, Marine Aguillon-Naury, Olivier Richard, Arnaud Menuet, Séverine Mazaud-Guittot, Laurianne Lesné, Sylvain Briault, Bernard Jegou, Jacques Pichon, Céline Montécot-Dubourg, and Stéphane Mortaud, "Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Low Dose Glufosinate Ammonium Induces Autism-Like Phenotypes in Mice," Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2014, 8:390, DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00390 ABSTRACT: Glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is one of the
- [McDuffie et al., 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mcduffie-et-al-2001/) - Helen H. McDuffie, Punam Pahwa, John R. McLaughlin, John J. Spinelli, Shirley Fincham, James A. Dosman, Diane Robson, Leo F. Skinnider and Norman W. Choi, "Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Specific Pesticide Exposures in Men: Cross-Canada Study of Pesticides and Health," Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, & Prevention, 2001, 10. ABSTRACT: Our objective in the study was to investigate the
- [Steckel, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/steckel-2012/) - Larry Steckel, "Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds: Lessons Learned in Tennessee," Presentation to the Iowa Soybean Association, On-Farm Network Conference, Ames, IA, February 16, 2012 SUMMARY: Describes aggressive spread of glyphosate reisistant weeds and the importance of proactive management, including prevention and early detection and recommends herbicide protocols to control weeds. FULL TEXT
- [Shaw, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/shaw-2017/) - William Shaw, PhD, "Elevated Urinary Glyphosate and Clostridia Metabolites With Altered Dopamine Metabolism in Triplets With Autistic Spectrum Disorder or Suspected Seizure Disorder: A Case Study," Integrative Medicine, 2017, 16:1. CONTEXT: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which a number of genetic, environmental, and nutritional causes have been proposed. Glyphosate is used widely as a crop desiccant
- [Kriebel et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kriebel-et-al-2016/) - David Kriebel, ScD, Polly J. Hoppin, ScD, Molly M. Jacobs, MPH, Richard W. Clapp, DSc, "Environmental and Economic Strategies for Primary Prevention of Cancer in Early Life," Pediatrics, 2016, 138:s1, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-4268 ABSTRACT: This article summarizes the evidence for environmental toxic exposures contributing to cancers in early life, focusing on the most common cancer sites in this age
- [Lerro et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lerro-et-al-2017-2/) - Catherine C. Lerro, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Lützen Portengen, Daehee Kang, Kyoungho Lee, Aaron Blair, Charles F. Lynch, Berit Bakke, Anneclaire J. De Roos, and Roel C.H. Vermeulen, "A longitudinal study of atrazine and 2,4-D exposure and oxidative stress markers among Iowa corn farmers," Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2017, 58, DOI: 10.1002/em.22069 ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species, potentially
- [Agopian et al., 2013a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/agopian-et-al-2013/) - A.J. Agopian, PhD, Yi Cai, MS, Peter H. Langlois, PhD, Mark A. Canfield, PhD, and Philip J. Lupo, PhD, "Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Risk for Choanal Atresia and Stenosis in Offspring," Journal of Pediatrics 2013, 162:3, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.08.012 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between estimated residential maternal exposure to atrazine during pregnancy and the risk for choanal
- [Weichenthal et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/weichenthal-et-al-2010/) - Scott Weichenthal, Connie Moase, and Peter Chan, "A Review of Pesticide Exposure and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort," Environmental Health Perspectives, 118, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901731 ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed epidemiologic evidence related to occupational pesticide exposures and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified from the AHS publication list
- [Mesnage et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2016/) - Robin Mesnage, Sarah Z. Agapito-Tenfen, Vinicius Vilperte, George Renney, Malcolm Ward, Gilles-Eric Séralini, Rubens O. Nodari & Michael N. Antoniou, "An integrated multi-omics analysis of the NK603 Roundup-tolerant GM maize reveals metabolism disturbances caused by the transformation process," Nature: Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:37855, DOI: 10.1038/srep37855 ABSTRACT: Glyphosate tolerant genetically modified (GM) maize NK603 was assessed as ‘substantially equivalent’ to its
- [Alvarez-Moya et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/alvarez-moya-et-al-2014/) - Carlos Alvarez-Moya, Mónica Reynoso Silva, Carlos Valdez Ramírez, David Gómez Gallardo, Rafael León Sánchez, Alejandro Canales Aguirre, Alfredo Feria Velasco, "Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity of glyphosate isopropylamine salt in three different organisms," Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2014, 37:1, DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572014000100016 ABSTRACT: There is considerable controversy with regard to the genotoxicity of glyphosate,
- [McBirney et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mcbirney-et-al-2017/) - Margaux McBirney, Stephanie E. King, Michelle Pappalardo, Elizabeth Houser, Margaret Unkefer, Eric Nilsson, Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman, Daniel Beck, Paul Winchester, Michael K. Skinner, "Atrazine induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease, lean phenotype and sperm epimutation pathology biomarkers," PLOS One, 2017, 12:9, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184306 ABSTRACT: Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental toxicants and other factors have been shown to promote
- [Avila-Vazquez et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/avila-vazquez-et-al-2018/) - Avila-Vazquez, M., Difilippo, F.S., Lean, B.M., Maturano, E. and Etchegoyen, A., "Environmental Exposure to Glyphosate and Reproductive Health Impacts in Agricultural Population of Argentina," Journal of Environmental Protection, 2018, 9, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2018.93016. ABSTRACT: Argentina annually utilizes 240,000 tones of glyphosate in industrial agriculture and a change in the profile of morbidity is perceived for physicians of agricultural areas; now reproductive disorders seem to prevail.
- [Lim et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lim-et-al-2009/) - Soo Lim, Sun Young Ahn, In Chan Song, Myung Hee Chung, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Ki-Up Lee, Youngmi Kim Pak , Hong Kyu Lee, "Chronic Exposure to the Herbicide, Atrazine, Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance," PLOS One, 2009, 4:4, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005186 ABSTRACT: There is an apparent overlap between areas in the USA where
- [Di Renzo et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/di-renzo-et-al-2015/) - Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Jeanne A. Conry, Jennifer Blake, Mark S. DeFrancesco, Nathaniel DeNicola, James N. Martin Jr., Kelly A. McCue, David Richmond, Abid Shah, Patrice Sutton, Tracey J. Woodruff, Sheryl Ziemin van der Poel, Linda C. Giudice, "International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics opinion on reproductive health impacts of exposure to toxic environmental chemicals," International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2015, 131, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.002 ABSTRACT: Exposure to
- [Séralini et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/seralini-et-al-2014/) - Gilles-Eric Séralini, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin and Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, "Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize," Environmental Sciences Europe, Bridging Science and Regulation at the Regional and European Level, 2014, 26:14. DOI: 10.1186/s12302-014-0014-5 ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The health effects of a
- [Lopes et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lopes-et-al-2014/) - Lopes FM, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, da Silva AC, Guazzelli VG, Tavares G, da Rosa CE, "Effect of glyphosate on the sperm quality of zebrafish Danio rerio," Aquatic Toxicology, 2014, 155, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.006. ABSTRACT Glyphosate is a systemic, non-selective herbicide widely used in agriculture worldwide. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
- [Armiliato et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/3736/) - Armiliato N, Ammar D, Nezzi L, Straliotto M, Muller YM, Nazari EM, "Changes in ultrastructure and expression of steroidogenic factor-1 in ovaries of zebrafish Danio rerio exposed to glyphosate," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A, 2014, 77:7, DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.880393. ABSTRACT Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum organophosphate (OP) herbicide, highly soluble in water, and when applied
- [Eriksson et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eriksson-et-al-2008/) - Mikael Eriksson, Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg and Måns Åkerman, "Pesticide exposure as risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma including histopathological subgroup analysis," International Journal of Cancer, 2008, 123, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23589 ABSTRACT: We report a population based case–control study of exposure to pesticides as risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Male and female subjects aged 18–74 years living in Sweden were included during
- [Bellinger, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bellinger-2012/) - David C. Bellinger, "A Strategy for Comparing the Contributions of Environmental Chemicals and Other Risk Factors to Neurodevelopment of Children," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012, 120:4, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104170 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The impact of environmental chemicals on children’s neurodevelopment is sometimes dismissed as unimportant because the magnitude of the impairments are considered to be clinically insignificant. Such a judgment reflects a failure to
- [De Roos et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-roos-et-al-2003/) - A J De Roos, S Zahm, K Cantor, D Weisenburger, F Holmes, L Burmeister, and A Blair, "Integrative assessment of multiple pesticides as risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men," Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2003, 60:9, DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.9.e1 ABSTRACT: METHODS: During the 1980s, the National Cancer Institute conducted three case-control studies of NHL in the
- [Band et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/band-et-al-2011/) - Band PR, Abanto Z, Bert J, Lang B, Fang R, Gallagher RP, Le ND., "Prostate cancer risk and exposure to pesticides in British Columbia farmers," Prostate, 2011, 71:2, DOI: 10.1002/pros.21232. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies have reported an increased risk of prostate cancer among farmers. Our aim was to assess the risk of developing prostate cancer in
- [Waddell et al., 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/waddell-et-al-2001/) - Waddell BL, Zahm SH, Baris D, Weisenburger DD, Holmes F, Burmeister LF, Cantor KP, Blair A., "Agricultural use of organophosphate pesticides and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among male farmers (United States).," Cancer Causes Control, 2001, 12:6. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Data from three population-based case-control studies conducted in Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Minnesota were pooled to
- [Cabello et al., 2001](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cabello-et-al-2001/) - Gertrudis Cabello, Mario Valenzuela, Arnaldo Vilaxa, Viviana Durán, Isolde Rudolph, Nicolas Hrepic, and Gloria Calaf, "A Rat Mammary Tumor Model Induced by the Organophosphorous Pesticides Parathion and Malathion, Possibly through Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001, 109:5. ABSTRACT: Environmental chemicals may be involved in the etiology of breast cancers. Many studies have addressed the association between cancer in
- [Duke, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/duke-2015/) - Stephen O Duke, "Perspectives on transgenic, herbicide‐resistant crops in the United States almost 20 years after introduction," Pest Management Science, 2015, 71:5, DOI: 10.1002/ps.3863. ABSTRACT: Herbicide-resistant crops have had profound impacts on weed management. Most of the impact has been by glyphosate-resistant maize, cotton, soybean, and canola. Significant economic savings, yield increases, and more efficacious and
- [Loomis et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/loomis-et-al-2015/) - Dana Loomis, Kathryn Guyton, Yann Grosse, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Heidi Mattock, Kurt Straif, "Carcinogenicity of lindane, DDT, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid," The Lancet, 2015, 16, DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00081-9. SUMMARY: Summarizes the findings of 26 experts from 13 countries who met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Lyon, France) to assess the carcinogenicity of the insecticides lindane and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), and
- [Koureas et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/koureas-et-al-2011/) - Koureas M, Tsakalof A, Tsatsakis A, Hadjichristodoulou C., "Systematic review of biomonitoring studies to determine the association between exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides and human health outcomes," Toxicology Letters, 2012, 210:2, DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.007. ABSTRACT: For the appropriate protection of human health it is necessary to accurately estimate the health effects of human exposure to toxic compounds.
- [Schütte et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schutte-et-al-2017/) - Gesine Schütte, Michael Eckerstorfer, Valentina Rastelli, Wolfram Reichenbecher, Sara Restrepo‑Vassalli, Marja Ruohonen‑Lehto, Anne‑Gabrielle Wuest Saucy, and Martha Mertens, "Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants," Environmental Sciences Europe, 2017, 29:5, DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y. ABSTRACT: Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are
- [Marouani et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/marouani-et-al-2017/) - Neila Marouani, Olfa Tebourbi, Donia Cherif, Dorsaf Hallegue, Mohamed Tahar Yacoubi, Mohsen Sakly, Moncef Benkhalifa, Khemais Ben Rhouma, "Effects of oral administration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, January 2017, Volume 24:1, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7656-3. ABSTRACT: The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used worldwide in agriculture as a selective
- [Ranjbar et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ranjbar-et-al-2015/) - Mahsa Ranjbar, Michael A. Rotondi, Chris I. Ardern, and Jennifer L. Kuk, "The Influence of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Metabolites on the Relationship between BMI and Cardiometabolic Health Risk," Journal of Obesity, 2015, DOI: 10.1155/2015/687914 ABSTRACT: The objective was to determine whether detectable levels of OP metabolites influence the relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study was
- [Tsao et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tsao-et-al-2016/) - Yun-Chen Tsao, Yung-Chun Lai, Hsiu-Chuan Liu, Ray H. Liu, and Dong-Liang Lin, "Simultaneous Determination and Quantitation of Paraquat, Diquat, Glufosinate and Glyphosate,in Postmortem Blood and Urine by LC–MS-MS," Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 40, 2016, DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw042 ABSTRACT: A simple method, incorporating protein-precipitation/organic backwashing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS), has been successfully developed for the simultaneous analysis of
- [Bolognesi et al., 1997](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bolognesi-et-al-1997/) - Claudia Bolognesi, Stefania Bonatti, Paolo Degan, Elena Gallerani, Marco Peluso, Roberta Rabboni, Paola Roggieri, and Angelo Abbondandolo, "Genotoxic Activity of Glyphosate and Its Technical Formulation Roundup," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, 1997, DOI: 10.1021/jf9606518 ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) is an effective herbicide acting on the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants. The genotoxic potential of this herbicide
- [Benachour et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benachour-et-al-2007/) - N. Benachour, H. Sipahutar, S. Moslemi, C. Gasnier, C. Travert, G. E. Séralini, "Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Roundup on Human Embryonic and Placental Cells," Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53:1, July 2007, DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0154-8 ABSTRACT: Roundup® is the major herbicide used worldwide, in particular on genetically modified plants that have been designed to tolerate it. We have tested the toxicity and endocrine disruption potential of Roundup
- [Dallegrave et al., 2003](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dallegrave-et-al-2003/) - Eliane Dallegrave, Fabiana DiGiorgio Mantese, Ricardo Soares Coelho, Janaı´na Drawans Pereira, Paulo Roberto Dalsenter, Augusto Langeloh, "The teratogenic potential of the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup in Wistar rats," Toxicology Letters, 142, 2003, DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00483-6. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the teratogenicity of the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup† (as commercialized in Brazil) to Wistar rats. Dams were
- [Robinson et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/antoniou-et-al-2012/) - CJ Robinson, M Antoniou, MEM Habib, CV Howard, RC Jennings, C Leifert, RO Nodari, and J Fagan, "Teratogenic Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: Divergence of Regulatory Decisions from Scientific Evidence," Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, S:4, 2012, DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.S4-006. ABSTRACT: The publication of a study in 2010, showing that a glyphosate herbicide formulation and glyphosate alone caused malformations in the embryos of Xenopus
- [Mulvany and Parker, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mulvany-and-parker-2017/) - Lydia Mulvany and Mario Parker, “Monsanto Shrugs Off Herbicide Concerns With Surprise Profit,” Bloomberg, October 4, 2017. SUMMARY Reports on Monsanto’s rising economic fortunes. Stock prices were up recently 20 cents a share, even though analysts had estimated the company would be at a 42-cent loss. Monsanto attributes much of this to their new dicamba-resistant Xtend
- [Pucci, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pucci-2017/) - Jackie Pucci, "Missouri Latest State to Set Cut-off Dicamba Date for ’18," CropLife, November 20, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports on the Dicamba ban on Engenia use in Missouri for 2018 after June 10 (some counties) or July 15 (all counties). Adds the detail that all applicators will be required to receive mandatory training by state Extension offices.
- [FERN's Ag Insider, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ferns-ag-insider-2017/) - FERN's Ag Insider, "Missouri limits use of BASF’s dicamba weedkiller," November 16,2017. SUMMARY: The Missouri Agriculture Department announces a partial ban on the use of BASF's Engenia on cotton and soybeans. Engenia applicatiosn will be banned after June 10, 2018 in 10 southeastern counties most affected this year, and after July 15 across the rest of
- [Davies, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/davies-2017/) - Steve Davies, “No dicamba use after April 15, Arkansas plant board says,” Agri-Pulse, November 8, 2017. SUMMARY: On Wednesday November 7, the Arkansas State Plant Board voted 10-3 to ban dicamba use between April 16-October 31 in 2018. Monsanto was “fiercely opposed” to this ban, which now heads to the executive committee of the Arkansas
- [Bradley, 2017c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradley-2017c/) - Kevin Bradley, “A Final Report on Dicamba-injured Soybean Acres,” University of Missouri, Integrated Pest and Crop Management, October 30, 2017. Final compilation of state by state dicamba damage complaints reveals: 2,708 dicamba related complaints across 25 states Approximately 3.6 million acres of soybeans injured See the FULL TEXT link for maps.
- [Lipton, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lipton-2017/) - Eric Lipton, “Crops in 25 States Damaged by Unintended Drift of Weed Killer,” The New York Times, November 1, 2017. SUMMARY: “Dicamba has damaged more than 3.6 million acres of soybean crops, or about 4 percent of all soybeans planted in the United States this year.” Reuben Baris, acting chief of the herbicide branch at
- [Mills et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mills-et-al-2017/) - Paul J. Mills, PhD, Izabela Kania-Korwel, PhD, John Fagan, PhD, Linda K.McEvoy, PhD, Gail A. Laughlin, PhD, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD, "Excretion of the Herbicide Glyphosate in Older Adults Between 1993 and 2016," October 24, 2017, Journal of the American Medical Association, 318:16, DOI:10.1001/jama.2017.11726. ABSTRACT: The herbicide Roundup is sprayed onto genetically modified crops and applied as a desiccant to most small non–genetically modified
- [Biesecker, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/biesecker-2017/) - Michael Biesecker, “EPA, herbicide makers agree to new limits for use of dicamba,” Associated Press, October 13, 2017. SUMMARY: The EPA announced its deal with Monsanto, BASF and DuPont to allow dicamba use in 2018 with “tangible changes” that will be implemented in the upcoming growing season. Dicamba will be labeled “restricted use” and applicators
- [Nelsen, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nelsen-2017/) - Arthur Nelsen, "Monsanto banned from European parliament," The Guardian, September 28, 2017. SUMMARY: Lobbyists affiliated with the company were banned in September 2017 after Monsanto failed to attend a hearing about alleged regulatory interference. The company is under investigation for influencing regulatory studies conducted for glyphosate relicensing. FULL TEXT
- [Charles, 2017c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/charles-2017c/) - Dan Charles, "A Wayward Weedkiller Divides Farm Communities, Harms Wildlife," NPR, October 7, 2017. SUMMARY: This NPR radio story focuses on the farmer to farmer conflicts engendered by the dicamba drift crisis. Some farmers are eager for the new technology to address herbicide-resistant glyphosate, while others are devastated by drift damage. David Wildly, an Arkansas
- [Hettinger, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hettinger-2017/) - Johnathan Hettinger, "Complaints surge about weed killer dicamba’s damage to oak trees," October 9, 2017, Midwest Center for Investigative Reporting. SUMMARY: Dicamba drift is being blamed for damage to oak trees in Iowa, Illinois, and Tennessee. More than 1,000 complaints were filed in Iowa, and in Tennessee the oak trees at the state's largest natural lake were
- [American Soybean Association, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/american-soybean-association-2017/) - American Soybean Association, " ASA Steps up Urgency in Search for Answers on Dicamba Damage," ASA News Release, September 25, 2017. SUMMARY: This American Soybean Association (ASA) news release addresses dicamba drift damage, now an issue in 21 of the 30 soybean producing states, and reiterates their support of new formulations since "farmers need and
- [Horstmeier, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/horstmeier-2017/) - Greg Horstmeier, " Dicamba: Arkansas Plant Board Unanimously Sets Mid-April Limit," AgFax, September 22, 2017. SUMMARY: The Arkansas State Plant Board reached a unanimous decision to ban dicamba use in the state from August 16 - October 31, 2018 in an attempt to mitigate damage from drift. This would allow spring and fall burndown and
- [Polansek, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/polansek-2017b/) - Tom Polansek, "EPA to allow use of dicamba next year, but with safeguards," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 19, 2017. SUMMARY: This story reports on the EPA's decision to allow dicamba use in 2018, although with yet to be determined additional rules to mitigate damages. The acting chief of the herbicide branch Reuben Baris is quoted
- [Carson et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/carson-et-al-2017/) - Carson Thurman, Preston Lee, Mary Margaret Gay, and John McCants, "Part Two: Dicamba Drift Issues Ensnaring Farmer," Growing Georgia, August 15, 2017. SUMMARY: Summarizes dicamba drift lawsuits thus far. FULL TEXT
- [Gray, 2017c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gray-2017c/) - Bryce Gray, “Reported dicamba damage still escalating nationally, according to updated survey,” St Louis Post-Dispatch, August 14, 2017. SUMMARY: University of Missouri weed scientist Kevin Bradley has updated his dicamba damage numbers, showing that numbers have almost doubled already in just a few weeks to 2,242 complaints and an estimated 3.1 million acres. FULL TEXT
- [Bennett, 2017c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bennett-2017c/) - Chris Bennett (Bennett, 2017c), "Dicamba Lawsuits Mounting," AgPro, September 14, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports that farmers in over 10 states are now involved in dicamba lawsuits, and "dicamba-related litigation has only just begun." The core of the cases is that the new dicamba formulations are inherently "incapable of being routinely and safely applied to cotton and
- [Monsanto, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2017b/) - Ty Vaughn for Monsanto, "Historic Testing of Our Dicamba Formulation, XtendiMax® with VaporGrip® Technology," Monsanto website, August 24, 2017. SUMMARY: In response to criticism that volatility was not adequately studied, the this statement reviews Monsanto's belief that they conducted extensive and "historic testing" of the new formulations, claiming a 90% reduction in volubility. FULL TEXT
- [ClassAction, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/classaction-2017/) - ClassAction, "Morgan & Morgan Files Lawsuit on Behalf of Farmers Impacted by Dicamba," PR Newswire, September 11, 2017. SUMMARY: The firm Morgan and Morgan filed a lawsuit on September 10th against Monsanto, BASF, and DuPont - the major producers of dicamba in the U.S.. The suit was filed in Illinois on behalf of the owner/operator
- [Polansek, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/polansek-2017/) - Tom Polansek, "Monsanto fights to sell Arkansas farmers herbicide linked to crop damage," Reuters, September 7, 2017. SUMMARY: Monsanto has formally petitioned the state of Arkansas to reject the proposed ban on dicamba spraying after April 15. The task force set up by Governor Hutchinson following thousands of complaints of crop damage from dicamba use
- [Polansek and Flitter, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/polansek-and-flitter-2017/) - Tom Polansek and Emily Flitter, "EPA eyes limits for agricultural chemical linked to crop damage," Reuters, September 5, 2017. SUMMARY: More details on proposed EPA regulatory action ahead of 2018 growing season to address dicamba damage crisis. EPA is considering a cut-off date in spring or early summer for dicamba applications, allowing pre-emergence spraying only.
- [Abbott, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/abbott-2017-2/) - Chuck Abbott, "Dicamba is ‘tremendous success,’ says Monsanto; EPA mulls rule change," FERN's AG Insider, August 31, 2017. SUMMARY: Monsanto claims they will have enough dicamba-resistant seed available for half the U.S. soybean acreage, and chief technology officer Robb Fraley described dicamba as a "tremendous success" for most farmers. EPA, however, is considering changes ahead
- [Dewey, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dewey-2017/) - Caitlin Dewey, "This miracle weed killer was supposed to save farms. Instead, it’s devastating them." The Washington Post, 8/29/2017. SUMMARY: Washington Post story reports on ongoing damage from dicamba. Important points in the article include the potential for drift- "According to a 2004 assessment, dicamba is 75 to 400 times more dangerous to off-target plants
- [Smith, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-2016a/) - Steve Smith, "RE: Citizen's Petition to Classify Pesticides with the Active Ingredient Dicamba as Restricted Use," Save Our Crops Coalition Petition to the EPA, May 24, 2016. SUMMARY: Non-target plant damage associated with herbicide spray drift and volatilization is a major concern for specialty crop growers and processors. Credible estimates project significant increases in the
- [AAPCO, 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/aapco-2005/) - Association of American Pesticide Control Operators," 2005 Pesticide Drift Enforcement Survey," 2005. SUMMARY: Reports on the results from 2002 and 2003 farmer surveys, including on pesticide drift damage. FULL TEXT
- [Center for Food Safety, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/center-for-food-safety-2012-2/) - Center for Food Safety, "Summary of Center for Food Safety’s Science Comments to EPA on Monsanto’s Request to Register Dicamba Herbicide for Use on Monsanto’s Dicamba-Resistant MON 87708 Soybean," September 21, 2012. SUMMARY: In brief, the introduction of MON 87708 would trigger a huge increase in the use of dicamba herbicide in American agriculture. This in turn would
- [Smith, 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-2013/) - Steve Smith, Comment of the Save Our Crops Coalition, RE: Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities; Pesticide Products; Receipt of Applications to Register New Uses, Docket Nos. EPA–HQ–OPP–2012–0841-0001, EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0215-0002, Thursday, January 17, 2013. SUMMARY: The Save Our Crops Coalition (SOCC) is a grassroots coalition
- [Smith, 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/smith-2010/) - Steve Smith, "Deployment of Dicamba-resistant soybeans and what it will mean to canned and frozen food processors and specialty crop growers in the Midwest," Testimony before Congress, Domestic Policy Subcommittee of Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, September 30, 2010. SUMMARY: Steve Smith, the Director of Agriculture at Red Gold, the largest canned tomato processor in the U.S., testifies before
- [Monsanto, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2017/) - Robb Fraley for Monsanto, "Dicamba Drift: Monsanto Announces Action Plan," Monsanto Blog in AgFax, August 8, 2017. SUMMARY: Monsanto releases a 3 part plan to address the surge in dicamba drift complaints. FULL TEXT
- [Bradley, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradley-2017b/) - Kevin Bradley, August 14, 2017, "Update on Dicamba-related Injury Investigations and Estimates of Injured Soybean Acreage," Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter, University of Missouri. SUMMARY: Updates numbers of dicamba damage nationally- 2,242 complaints and estimated 3.1 million acres damaged. FULL TEXT
- [Hightower, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hightower-2017/) - Mary Hightower, “Dicamba Drift: Arkansas Researchers Find All Formulations Volatile; 876 Injury Reports,” AgFax, August 10, 2017. SUMMARY: The Plant Board reports 876 complaints as of 8/10. An estimated 35% of the state's 3.5 million acres and 300,000 of the 400,000 acres of cotton are planted in dicamba resistant acreage that would be sprayed with
- [Abbott, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/abbott-2017/) - Chuck Abbott, “Arkansas Task Force Aims for Long-Term Recommendations on Use of Dicamba,” The Fern, August 9, 2017. SUMMARY: Arkansas has appointed a 21-member task force to help identify solutions for the dicamba drift damage problem, with 900 complaints received this year so far. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1999a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1999a-2/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid); Pesticide Tolerance," 40 CFR Part 180, Federal Register, January 6, 1999, Vol. 64, No. 3. SUMMARY: Updates tolerances for dicamba. FULL TEXT
- [DuPont, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-2015/) - DuPont, FeXapan Herbicide Label, July 23, 2015, EPA Registration Number 352-913. SUMMARY: First label for BASF FeXapan Herbicide containing DGA dicamba and inert ingredients intended to reduce volatility and drift. FULL TEXT
- [Gray, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gray-2017-2/) - Bryce Gray, "Reports of crop damage resurfacing since Missouri dicamba ban lifted," St Louis Post-Dispatch, August 4, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports that the dicamba ban in Missouri was lifted in Mid-July and farmers had resumed spraying. Damage reports are re-occurring. One farmer quoted in the story compares his Missouri acres where "every acre" is showing damage to
- [Parker, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/parker-2017/) - Mario Parker, "Pesticide ‘Drifting’ Wreaks Havoc Across U.S. Crops," Bloomberg, August 1, 2017. SUMMARY: Bloomberg reports on the dicamba damage numbers. Article includes key information from Monsanto about number of acres planted in dicamba-resistant soybeans (20 million) and cotton (5 million) in 2017. This represents about 25% percent of the national soybean crop and about
- [Bradley, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bradley-2017/) - Kevin Bradley, July 25, 2017, "Ag Industry, Do we have a problem yet?," Integrated Pest and Crop Management, University of Missouri. SUMMARY: Article summarizes the total number of dicamba-related drift complaints as 1,411 as of July 19, 2017. Arkansas leads with 686 complaints, while Missouri has over 200. Estimates of acres damaged are up to 2.5
- [EPA, 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2000/) - Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Parts 180, 185, and 186, "Consolidation of Certain Food and Feed Additive Tolerance Regulations," Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 101, May 24, 2000. SUMMARY: The Office of Pesticide Programs is transferring certain of the pesticide food and feed additive regulations that are now in 40 CFR parts 185 and 186 to part 180. These regulations are
- [Coupe et. al, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/coupe-et-al-2011/) - Richard H Coupe, Stephen J Kalkhoff, Paul D Capelc, and Caroline Gregoired, "Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins," Pest Management Science, 2012, 68:1, 16-30, DOI: 10.1002/ps.2212. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a herbicide used widely throughout the world in the production of many crops and is heavily used on soybeans, corn and
- [Zobiole et. al, 2010b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zobiole-et-al-2010-2/) - Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole, Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr., Robert John Kremer, Jamil Constantin, Carlos Moacir Bonato, Antonio Saraiva Muniz, "Water use efficiency and photosynthesis of glyphosate-resistant soybean as affected by glyphosate," Biochemistry and Physiology, 2010, 97: 182-193, DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.01.004. ABSTRACT: Previous studies comparing cultivars of different maturity groups in different soils demonstrated that early maturity group cultivars were more sensitive to
- [Londo et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/londo-et-al-2014/) - Jason Paul Londo, John McKinney, Matthew Schwartz, Mike Bollman, Cynthia Sagers, and Lidia Watrud, "Sub-lethal glyphosate exposure alters flowering phenology and causes transient male-sterility in Brassica spp," BMC Plant Biology, 2014, 14:70. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Herbicide resistance in weedy plant populations can develop through different mechanisms such as gene flow of herbicide resistance transgenes from crop species into compatible weedy
- [Johnson et. al, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/johnson-et-al-2009/) - William G. Johnson, Vince M. Davis, Greg R. Kruger, Stephen C. Weller, "Influence of glyphosate-resistant cropping systems on weed species shifts and glyphosate-resistant weed populations," European Journal of Agonomy, 2009, 31, 162-172, DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.008. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops have facilitated increases in conservation tillage production practices and simplified weed control in GR corn, soybean, canola and cotton. Increased
- [Bonini et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bonini-et-al-2009/) - E.A. Bonini, M.L.L. Ferrarese, R. Marchiosi, P.C. Zonetti, O. Ferrarese-Filho, "A simple chromatographic assay to discriminate between glyphosate-resistant and susceptible soybean (Glycine max) cultivars," European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31:3, 1730176, DOI: 10.1016/e.eja.2009.03.006. ABSTRACT: In glyphosate-susceptible soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), the herbicide glyphosate [(N-phosphonomethyl)glycine] inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, causing a massive accumulation of the metabolite
- [Yamada, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/yamada-2009/) - T. Yamada, "Glyphosate interactions with physiology, nutrition, and diseases of plants: Threat to agricultural sustainability?," European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31:3, 111-176. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Cakmak et. al, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cakmak-et-al-2009/) - Ismail Cakmak, Atilla Yazici, Yusuf Tutus, Levent Ozturk, "Glyphosate reduced seed and leaf concentrations of calcium, manganese, magnesium, and iron in non-glyphosate resistant soybean," European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31:3, 114-119, DOI: 10.1016/e.eja.2009.07.001. ABSTRACT: Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of glyphosate drift on plant growth and concentrations of mineral nutrients in leaves and seeds
- [Fernandez et. al, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/fernandez-et-al-2009/) - M.R. Fernandez, R.P. Zentner, P. Basnyat, D. Gehl, F. Selles, D. Huber, "Glyphosate associations with cereal diseases caused by Fusarium spp. in the Canadian Prairies," Eurpoean Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31:3, 133-143, DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.07.003. ABSTRACT: Fusarium pathogens cause important diseases, such as root/crown rot and Fusarium head blight (FHB), in cereal crops. These diseases can be caused by
- [Oliveira et. al, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/de-campos-et-al-2016/) - Regis de Campos Oliveira, Lucas Kortz Vilas Boas, and Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, "Assessment of the potential toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides on the photosynthesis of Nitella microcarpa var. wrightii (Charophyceae)," Phycologia, 2016, 55:5, 577-584, DOI: 10.2216/16-12.1. ABSTRACT: Although macroalgae are considered one of the most important primary producers in streams, to our knowledge there has been no research
- [Cuhra et. al, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cuhra-et-al-2014/) - M. Cuhra, T. Traavik, and T. Bohn, "Life cycle fitness differences in Daphnia magna fed Roundup-Ready soybean or convetional soybean or organic soybean," Aquaculture Nutrition, 2014, DOI: 10.1111/ani.12199. ABSTRACT: A lifelong feeding study with soybean from different production systems was carried out in the crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea), an acknowledged model organism for ecotoxicological studies. Experimental diets were prepared with
- [Turrini et. al, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/turrini-et-al-2015/) - Alessandra Turrini, Cristiana Sbrana, Manuela Giovannetti, "Belowground environmental effects of transgenic crops: a soil microbial perspective," Research in Microbiology, 2015, 166, 121-131, DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.02.006. ABSTRACT: Experimental studies investigated the effects of transgenic crops on the structure, function and diversity of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities playing key roles in belowground environments. Here we review available data on direct, indirect and
- [Newman et. al, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/newman-et-al-2016/) - Molli M. Newman, Nicola Lorenz, Nigel Hoilett, Nathan R. Lee, Richard P. Dick, Mark R. Liles, Cliff Ramsier, Joseph W. Kloepper, "Changes in rhizosphere bacterial gene expression following glyphosate treatment," Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 553, 32-41, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.078. ABSTRACT: In commercial agriculture, populations and interactions of rhizosphere microflora are potentially affected by the use of specific agrichemicals, possibly by affecting gene expression
- [Aristilde et. al, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/aristilde-et-al-2017/) - Ludmilla Aristilde, Michael L. Reed, Rebecca A. Wilkes, Tracy Youngster, Matthew A. Kukurugya, Valerie Katz, and Clayton R. S. Sasaki, "Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species," Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2017, 5:34, DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00034. ABSTRACT: Previous studies have reported adverse effects of glyphosate on crop-beneficial soil bacterial species, including several soil Pseudomonas species. Of particular interest is the elucidation
- [Kremer, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kremer-2014/) - Robert J. Kremer, "Environmental Implications of Herbicide Resistance: Soil Biology and Ecology," Weed Science, 2014, 62. ABSTRACT: Soil microbial community structure and activity are linked to plant communities. Weeds may alter their soil environment, selecting for specific rhizosphere microbial communities. Rhizosphere modification occurs for many crop and horticultural plants. However, impacts of weeds in agroecosystems on soil biology and
- [Tesfamariam et. al, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/tesfamariam-et-al-2009/) - Tsehaye Tesfamariam, S. Bott, I. Cakmak, V. Römheld, G. Neumann, "Glyphosate in the rhizosphere—Role of waiting times and different glyphosate binding forms in soils for phytotoxicity to non-target plants," European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31, 126-132, DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.007. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the most widely used non-selective, systemic herbicide. It is easily translocated from shoot to roots and
- [Kremer and Means, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kremer-and-means-2009/) - Robert J. Kremer and Nathan E. Means, "Glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crop interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms," European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31:3, 153-161, DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.06.004. ABSTRACT: Current crop production relies heavily on transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) cultivars. Widespread cultivation of transgenic crops has received considerable attention. Impacts of glyphosate on rhizosphere microorganisms and activities are reviewed based on published
- [Kremer et. al, 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kremer-et-al-2005/) - Robert J. Kremer, Nathan E. Means, and Sujung Kim, "Glyphosate Affects Soybean Root Exudation and Rhizosphere Microorganisms," International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2005, 85:15, 1155-1174, DOI: 10.1080/03067310500273146. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a non-selective, broad-spectrum herbicide that kills plants by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is necessary for synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A secondary mode
- [Saska et.al, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/saska-et-al-2016/) - Pavel Saska, Jiří Skuhrovec, Jan Lukáš, HsinChi, Shu-JenTuan & Alois Honěk, "Treatment by glyphosate-based herbicide alters life history parameters of the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum," Nature: Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:27801, DOI: 10.1038/srep27801. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is the number one herbicide in the world. We investigated the sub-lethal effects of this herbicide on the aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), using an age-stage, two-sex life
- [Hansen and Rosley, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hansen-and-rosley-2016/) - Lone Rykær Hansen, Peter Roslev, "Behavioral responses of juvenile Daphnia magna after exposure to glyphosate and glyphosate-copper complexes," Aquatic Toxicology, 2016, 179: 36-43, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.010. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the active ingredient in a range of popular broad-spectrum herbicide formulations. Glyphosate is a chelating agent that can form stable complexes with divalent metal ions including Cu(II). Little is known about
- [Sol Balbuena et. al, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/balbuena-et-al-2015/) - María Sol Balbuena, Léa Tison, Marie-Luise Hahn, Uwe Greggers, Randolf Menzel, and Walter M. Farina, "Effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate on honeybee navigation," Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 218: 2799-2805; doi: 10.1242/jeb.117291. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate (GLY) is a herbicide that is widely used in agriculture for weed control. Although reports about the impact of GLY in snails, crustaceans and amphibians exist,
- [Gaupp-Berghausen et. al, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gaupp-berghausen-et-al-2015/) - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Martin Hofer, Boris Rewald, and Johann G. Zaller, "Glyphosate-based herbicides reduce the activity and reproduction of earthworms and lead to increased soil nutrient concentrations," Nature: Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 12886, DOI: 10.1038/srep12886. ABSTRACT: Herbicide use is increasing worldwide both in agriculture and private gardens. However, our earthworms, is still very scarce. In a greenhouse experiment, we assessed the impact of the most
- [Ryberg and Gilliom, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ryberg-and-gilliom-2015/) - Karen R. Ryberg and Robert J. Gilliom, "Trends in pesticide concentrations and use for major rivers of the United States," Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 538: 431-444, DOI: /10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.095. ABSTRACT: Trends in pesticide concentrations in 38 major rivers of the United States were evaluated in relation to use trends for 11 commonly occurring pesticide compounds. Pesticides monitored in
- [Brodeur et. al, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/brodeur-et-al-2016/) - Julie Celine Brodeur, Solene Malpel, Ana Belen Anglesio, Diego Cristos, María Florencia D'Andrea, María Belen Poliserpi, "Toxicities of glyphosate- and cypermethrin-based pesticides are antagonic in the tenspotted livebearer fish (Cnesterodon decemmaculatus)," Chemosphere, 2016, 155:429-435, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.075. ABSTRACT: Although pesticide contamination of surface waters normally occurs in the form of mixtures, the toxicity and interactions displayed by such mixtures have been little characterized until
- [Ma et. al, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/ma-et-al-2014/) - Junguo Ma, Yanzhen Bu, Xiaoyu Li, "Immunological and histopathological responses of the kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sublethally exposed to glyphosate," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015, 39: 1-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.004. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide frequently used world widely in agricultural and non-agricultural areas to control unwanted plants. Health risk of chronic and subchronic exposure of glyphosate
- [Brodeur et. al, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/brodeur-et-al-2014/) - Julie Céline Brodeur, María Belén Poliserpi, María Florencia D'Andrea, Marisol Sánchez, "Synergy between glyphosate- and cypermethrin-based pesticides during acute exposures in tadpoles of the common South American Toad Rhinella arenarum," Chemosphere, 2014, 112:70-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.065. ABSTRACT: The herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide cypermethrin are key pesticides of modern management in soy and corn cultures. Although these pesticides are likely to co-occur
- [Relyea, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/relyea-2011/) - Rick A. Relyea, "Amphibians Are Not Ready for Roundup®," in Wildlife Ecotoxicology: Forensic Approaches, J.E. Elliott et al. (eds.), 2011, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4_9. ABSTRACT: The herbicide glyphosate, sold under a variety of commercial names including Roundup® and Vision® , has long been viewed as an environmentally friendly herbicide. In the 1990s, however, after nearly 20 years of use, the
- [Mahler et. al, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mahler-et-al-2016/) - Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC, Burley TE, Loftin KA, Meyer MT, Nowell LH, "Similarities and differences in occurrence and temporal fluctuations in glyphosate and atrazine in small Midwestern streams (USA) during the 2013 growing season," Science of the Total Environment, 2017 ,579:149-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.236. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate and atrazine are the most intensively used herbicides in the
- [Bento et. al, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bento-et-al-2016/) - Bento CP, Yang X, Gort G, Xue S, van Dam R, Zomer P, Mol HG, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V, "Persistence of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in loess soil under different combinations of temperature, soil moisture and light/darkness," Science of the Total Environment, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.215. ABSTRACT: The dissipation kinetics of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic
- [Kaskey and Mulvany, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kaskey-and-mulvany-2016b/) - Jack Kaskey and Lydia Mulvany, “Creating a Problem- And a Lucrative Solution,” Bloomberg, September 5, 2016. SUMMARY: Discusses the herbicide treadmill and how it has sparked the development of, and demand for, dicamba-resistant technology. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2016a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "COMPLIANCE ADVISORY: High Number of Complaints Related to Alleged Misuse of Dicamba Raises Concerns," August 2016. SUMMARY: EPA and state agencies have received an unusually high number of reports of crop damage that appear related to misuse of herbicides containing the active ingredient dicamba. Investigations into the alleged misuse are ongoing. This Compliance Advisory is intended
- [USDA, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/usda-2014/) - United States Department of Agriculture, "Monsanto Petitions (10-188-01p and 12-185-01p) for Determinations of Nonregulated Status for Dicamba-Resistant Soybean and Cotton Varieties: Final Environmental Impact Statement," December 2014. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) received two requests (petitions) from Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO (Monsanto) seeking determinations of nonregulated status for
- [EPA, 2016c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2016b/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Dicamba; Pesticide Tolerances," Federal Register, 40 CFR Part 180, December 8, 2016. SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of dicamba in or on cotton, gin byproducts; cotton, undelinted seed; soybean, forage; and soybean, hay. Monsanto Company requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Sets the cRfD at
- [Monsanto, 2005b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2005b/) - Monsanto, "Monsanto, UNL Sign Agreement to Develop Dicamba-Tolerant Crops," Monsanto Press Release, March 23, 2005. SUMMARY: Monsanto press release announcing agreement with University of Nebraska-Lincoln to develop dicamba-resistant crops. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2016a/) - Monsanto, Monsanto Meeting Whistle Stop Tour - Day 1, Monsanto Official Transcript, August 17, 2016. SUMMARY: Detailed transcript of Monsanto investor meeting in August 2016 where dicamba and glyphosate investments and projections were discussed. FULL TEXT
- [BASF, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-2016-2/) - BASF, Engenia Herbicide Label, December 20, 2016, EPA Registration Number: 7969-345. SUMMARY: EPA label for Engenia Herbicide for dicamba-resistant crops. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2016b/) - Monsanto, XtendiMax With VaporGrip Technology Herbicide Label, November 9, 2016, EPA Registration Number 524-617. SUMMARY: Label for XtendiMax with VaporGrip Herbicide for use with dicamba-tolerant crops. FULL TEXT
- [Kaskey and Mulvany, 2016a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kaskey-and-mulvany-2016/) - Jack Kaskey and Lydia Mulvany, "Monsanto Seeds Unleash Unintended Consequences Across U.S. Farms," Bloomberg, September 1, 2016. SUMMARY: Reports on dicamba damage in 2016 after Monsanto allows sales of dicamba-resistant crops even though the EPA had not yet approved the new dicamba formulations meant for use with the new GE seeds. Farmers tell Bloomberg they feel
- [Barber, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/barber-2017/) - Tom Barber, "Dicamba Drift and Potential Effects on Soybean Yield," AGWatch Network, July 7, 2016. SUMMARY: Tom Barber, an Extension Weed Scientist at the University of Arkansas, posts a chilling overview of what he has observed in soybean fields in several parts of the state. His piece “Dicamba Drift and Potential Effects on Soybean Yield”
- [Gillam, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gillam-2015/) - Carey Gillam, “Monsanto to invest more than $1bln in dicamba herbicide production,” Reuters, June 24, 2015. SUMMARY: Reports on Monsanto plans to invest heavily in dicamba production in preparation for the launch of dicamba-resistant crops. A major plant expansion underway in Luling, Louisiana to meet rising demand for dicamba and Monsanto tells Reuters it sees “a 200
- [Behrens et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/behrens-et-al-2007/) - Mark Behrens, Nedim Mutlu, Sarbani Chakraborty, Razvan Dumitru, Wen Zhi Jiang, "Dicamba Resistance: Enlarging and Preserving Biotechnology-Based Weed Management Strategies," Science, 316, 2007, DOI: 10.1126/science.1141596. ABSTRACT: Abstract: The advent of biotechnology-derived, herbicide-resistant crops has revolutionized farming practices in many countries. Facile, highly effective, environmentally sound, and profitable weed control methods have been rapidly adopted by crop producers who value the
- [Steil, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/steil-2017/) - Mark Steil, "State investigating Monsanto weed killer after farmers' complaints," MPRnews, July 20, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports on about 2 dozen complaints received by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture about damage from dicamba. The debate continues over what's to blame- farmers spraying improperly or on the wrong weather days, the use of generic formulations that lack
- [Gray, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gray-2017/) - Bryce Gray, "Class lawsuit takes aim at dicamba producers, accuses Monsanto reps of condoning illegal spraying," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 23, 2017. SUMMARY: This article reports on the class action lawsuit filed July 18th in federal court in Monsanto's home state of Missouri. The lawsuit claims that despite public statements urging farmers to wait for
- [BASF, 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-2007/) - BASF, Status Herbicide Label, August 24, 2007, EPA Registration Number: 7969-242. SUMMARY: Early herbicide label for Status herbicide, containing sodium dicambaplus DFFP and safener. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2006/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Dicamba and Associated Salts," June 8, 2006. SUMMARY: Re-registration documentation for dicamba, including health and environmental assessments. FULL TEXT
- [BASF, 1999](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-1998/) - BASF, Distinct Herbicide Label, October 25, 1999, EPA Registration Number: 7969-150. SUMMARY: First label for Distinct herbicide, containing sodium dicamba plus diflufenzopyr (DFFP). FULL TEXT
- [BASF, 1992](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-1992/) - BASF, Clarity Herbicide Label, July 23, 1992, EPA Registration Number: 55947-46. SUMMARY: Early label for Clarity Herbicide containing the diglycolamine (DGA) form of dicamba. FULL TEXT
- [BASF, 1985](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-1985/) - BASF, Marksman Herbicide Label, September 9, 1985, EPA Registration Number: 876-451. SUMMARY: Early label for Marksman herbicide with dicamba plus atrazine. FULL TEXT
- [Associated Press, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/associated-press-2016/) - Associated Press, "Arkansas governor approves board’s limits on dicamba use," The Washington Times, January 4, 2017. SUMMARY: Reports that Gov. Hutchinson has approved the Arkansas State Plant Board's proposal to limit when and where dicamba can be sprayed in the upcoming planting season. It includes a requirement for a 1 mile buffer zone before spraying
- [Demillo, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/demillo-2017/) - Andrew Demillo, "Weed Killer Turns Neighbor Against Neighbor in Farm Country," Associated Press, July 17, 2017. SUMMARY: This AP article sheds light on Mike Wallace, the Arkansas farmer who was shot and killed in October 2016 by the manager of the neighboring farm during a confrontation over damage to Wallace's farm from dicamba drift. Mike's
- [BASF, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/basf-2016/) - BASF Press Release, "Engenia herbicide from BASF now registered by EPA," Farm Industry News, 2016. SUMMARY: BASF press release about EPA approval of Engenia herbicide for dicamba-tolerant soybean and cotton. Includes claims of a 70% reduction in volatility. FULL TEXT
- [Laws, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/laws-2016/) - Forrest Laws, "EPA issues highly-restricted label for new dicamba formulation," Delta FarmPress, November 8, 2016. SUMMARY: The EPA approves dicamba for use on herbicide-resistant crops. The formulation approved is for use with Monsanto's new Xtendimax with Vapor Grip Technology, which contains additives intended to decrease volubility and reduce drift. FULL TEXT
- [Jibben, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jibben-2016/) - Betsy Jibben, "Farmers Waiting for EPA Approval of Dicamba," AgWeb, November 7, 2016. SUMMARY: A mess was created in 2016 when Monsanto began selling its dicamba-tolerant Xtend soybeans before the herbicide designed to use with the GE seeds was approved by the EPA. Farmers bought the seed anyway because of its high yield. Some farmers
- [Manley, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manley-2016/) - Marci Manley, "AR Man Shot Dead in Farm Dispute," KARK NBC 4 News Broadcast, October 28, 2016, posted at www.arkansasmatters.com, SUMMARY: In a shocking turn of events, farmer-to-farmer conflict over dicamba drift from off-label herbicide use ended in murder when a man was shot during a meeting about damaged crops. FULL TEXT
- [Charles, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/charles-2016/) - Dan Charles, "How Monsanto And Scofflaw Farmers Hurt Soybeans In Arkansas, " NPR, August 1, 2016. SUMMARY: NPR story describes the illegal spraying of dicamba on soybean fields in Arkansas where Monsanto began selling its Xtend dicamba-resistant soybeans before the EPA had approved the new dicamba herbicide formulation for use with the GE seeds. Monsanto
- [Scribner et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sribner-et-al-2007/) - Elisabeth A. Scribner, William A. Battaglin, Robert J. Gilliom, and Michael T. Meyer, "Concentrations of Glyphosate, Its Degradation Product, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, and Glufosinate in Ground- and Surface-Water, Rainfall, and Soil Samples Collected in the United States, 2001-06," August 2007, United States Geological Service. ABSTRACT: The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a number of studies from 2001
- [de Brito Rodrigues et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rodrigues-et-al-2016/) - Laís de Brito Rodrigues, Rhaul de Oliveira , Flávia Renata Abe, Lara Barroso Brito, Diego Sousa Moura, Marize Campos Valadares, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Danielle Palma de Oliveria, and Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira, "Ecotoxicological Assessment of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36:7, DOI: 10.1002/etc.3580. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because
- [van Bruggen et al., 2018](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/van-bruggen-et-al-2015/) - Ariena H.C. van Bruggen, Max Teplitski, Volker Mai, Kwang Cheol Jeong, Joan D. Flocks, Maria R. Finckh, and J. Glenn Morris, Jr., "Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate," 2018, Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 616-617, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The WHO reclassified the herbicide glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans, and concerns about potential side effects of the
- [Casabe et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/casabe-2007/) - Norma Casabé, Lucas Piola, Julio Fuchs, María Luisa Oneto, Laura Pamparato, Silvana Basack, Rosana Giménez, Rubén Massaro, Juan C. Papa and Eva Kesten, "Ecotoxicological Assessment of the Effects of Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos in an Argentine Soya Field," Journal of Soils and Sediment, 2007, DOI: 10.1065/JSS2007.04.224. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Continuous application of pesticides may pollute soils and affect
- [Winchester Herald Chronicle, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/winchester-herald-chronicle-2017/) - "Tennessee Dept. of Agriculture issues new measures for Dicamba," July 12, 2017, Winchester Herald Chronicle. SUMMARY: The Tennessee Department of Agriculture responded to increased farmer-to-farmer complaints of damage from dicamba drift by enacting new rules on dicamba use in the state. The rules include requiring special licensing and record keeping for applicators, banning the use of
- [Gullickson, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gullickson-2017/) - Gil Gullickson, "Why Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean Technology is in Trouble," July 11, 2017, Successful Farming, SUMMARY: This article reports on dicamba drift in Missouri, where damage to date is tallied at 203,045 acres on soybeans, as well as over 6,500 acres of other crops and gardens, including certified organic vegetable farms. The damage appears to be caused
- [Begemann and Skiles, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/begemann-and-skiles-2017/) - Sonja Begemann and Susan Skiles Luke, July 10, 2017, "Arkansas, Missouri Ban Dicamba," AgWeb. SUMMARY: Effective just after midnight on July 11, Arkansas finalizes a 120-day emergency ban on dicamba sales and use. Missouri also banned dicamba the week before, with the intent of re-opening sales once the investigation into complaints of damage from dicamba
- [Begemann, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bagemann-2017/) - Sonja Begemann, "Dicamba Damage Watch," July 6, 2017, AgPro. SUMMARY: Describes the symptoms of dicamba damage - cupped and wrinkled soybean leaves - and other culprits that could be the cause such as other herbicide damage, pests such as aphids and various plant diseases. It can take 7 to 21 days for dicamba damage to
- [Charles, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/charles-2017b/) - Dan Charles, "Damage From Wayward Weedkiller Keeps Growing," July 6, 2017, NPR. SUMMARY: NPR Morning Edition radio piece reports that dicamba-related complaints in Arkansas are up from 250 at the end of June to 550 by July 6th. Estimates of potential damaged soybeans are up to 2 million acres. The new Monsanto dicamba resistant cotton and
- [Hickey, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hickey-2017/) - Chris Hickey, "Legislative Panel Delays Decision On Arkansas Dicamba Ban," July 6, 2017, NPR. SUMMARY: Reports that the subcommittee of the Arkansas Legislative Council deferred a decision on whether to ban use and sale of dicamba. Governor Asa Hutchinson referred the decision to the committee following hi approval of a 120-day emergency ban proposed by
- [Associated Press, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/associated-press-2017/) - Associated Press, "Farm chemical linked to oak damage," July 2, 2017, Quad-City Times, SUMMARY: Reports that almost 1,000 residents of Iowa have contacted the state Department of Natural Resources about damaged leaves on oak trees (photo, right) that looked like insect damage. Research from the University of Illinois in 2004 showed that herbicide drift was likely
- [Steed, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/steed-2017/) - Stephen Steed, "Governor approves dicamba prohibition in Arkansas," Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette, SUMMARY: Reports that on June 31, Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson submitted a letter that approved the Arkansas Plant Board's proposed 120-emergency ban on dicamba sale and use in the state. He wrote that " the volume of complaints do justify emergency action;" 507
- [Bennett, 2017b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bennett-2017b/) - Chris Bennett, "Arkansas Dicamba Ban Passes, Heads to Governor's Desk," June 26, 2017, AgPro. SUMMARY: Report on the vote of the Arkansas plant board on June 23 for a 120-day emergency ban on dicamba use after 242 complaints of damage from drift were received. The article points out the huge problem of herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth
- [Bennett, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bennett-2017a/) - Chris Bennett, "Dicamba Drift Reports Rise in Tenessee," June 26, 2017, Ag Web. SUMMARY: Reports that as of June 26, Tennesse Department of Agriculture has open investigations on 27 dicamba drift complaints, compared to only 3 in the same time period last year. FULL TEXT
- [Charles, 2017a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/charles-2017/) - Dan Charles, "Arkansas Tries To Stop An Epidemic Of Herbicide Damage," June 23, 2017, NPR. SUMMARY: NPR story focusing on the farmer-vs-farmer conflicts arising in Arkansas due to dicamba damage. By press date, 242 complaints had been received by state regulators. On June 23, 2017 the Arkansas Plant Board voted to ban any spraying of
- [Steed, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/steed-2016/) - Stephen Steed, "Dicamba decision looms for governor; limit herbicide’s use, Arkansas panel urges," December 18, 2016, Arkansas Online. SUMMARY: The governor of Arkansas Asa Hutchinson is pondering whether to accept recommendations by the state Plant Board to limit dicamba use in the coming growing season over concerns about damage from drift from new GE dicamba-tolerant crops. FULL
- [EPA, 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2009/) - Environmental Protection Agency, December 2009, "Glyphosate Final Work Plan: Registration Review Case No. 0178" SUMMARY: This document lays out the work plan for the latest 15-year glyphosate Registration Review. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1977](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/2816/) - Environmental Protection Agency, July 1, 1977, Memo on glyphosate toxicology studies. SUMMARY: This memo briefly describes 8 glyphosate toxicology studies by the laboratory IBT. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1998](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1998/) - Environmental Protection Agency, April 20, 1998, Glyphosate- Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment Committee, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: This memo describes the official confirmation of the change in the glyphosate cRfD from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg/day. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1973](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1973/) - Environmental Protection Agency, May 24, 1973, Memo on Toxicology of Glyphosate. SUMMARY: This memo reports on the results of several toxicology studies on glyphosate for humans and animals and is one of the earliest available regulatory documents for this herbicide. FULL TEXT
- [Zeneca, 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zeneca-2000/) - Zeneca Ag Products (subsidiary of Syngenta), 2000, Touchdown Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 10182-437. SUMMARY: First Touchdown glyphosate-based herbicide label. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2005a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2005/) - Monsanto, March 9, 2005, Powermax Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 524-549. SUMMARY: First label for Powermax glyphosate herbicide for Roundup Ready crops. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2002/) - Monsanto, 2002, Ultra Max II Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number 524-537. SUMMARY: First Ultra Max II glyphosate herbicide for Roundup Ready crops label. FULL TEXT
- [Bayer, 2002](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/bayer-2002/) - Bayer, 2002, Glyphosate Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 72155-16. SUMMARY: Early Bayer glyphosate herbicide label. FULL TEXT
- [Micro Flo, 1999](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/micro-flo-1999/) - Micro Flo (BASF subsidiary), 1999, Glyphosate Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 51036-312. SUMMARY: First BASF company glyphosate herbicide label. FULL TEXT
- [Dow, 1999](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dow-1999/) - Dow Agro Sciences, 1999, Glyphosate Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 62719-319. SUMMARY: Label for one of Dow's first glyphosate-based herbicides. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 1996](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-1996/) - Monsanto, 1996, Roundup Herbicide Label, EPA Registration Number: 524-445. SUMMARY: First label for Roundup Ready soybeans. FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 1994](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-1994/) - Monsanto, 1994, Roundup Ultra Herbicide Label. SUMMARY: First herbicide label for Roundup Ultra. Full Text
- [Franz, 1983](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/franz-1983/) - Franz, John E., September 20, 1983, "Salts of N-Phosphonomethyl glycine," U.S. Patent # 4,405,531. ABSTRACT: N-phosphonomethylglycine and novel derivatives thereof useful as phytotoxicants or herbicides. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1996](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1996/) - Environmental Protection Agency, April 10, 1996, 40 CFR Parts 180, 186: Pesticide Tolerances, Federal Register, 61:70. SUMMARY: This document establishes tolerances and feed additive regulations for residues of the herbicide glyphosate [(N-phosphonometyhyl) glycine] for alfalfa hay, alfalfa forage, and other commodities. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1997](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1997/) - Environmental Protection Agency, April 11, 1997, 40 CFR Parts 180, 185, and 186: Pesticide Tolerances, Federal Register, 62:70. SUMMARY: This rule establishes permanent tolerances for residues of the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in or on the raw agricultural commodities (RACs) corn, field, grain; corn, field, stover; corn, field, forage; aspirated grain fractions; sorghum, grain; sorghum, grain, stover; and oats.
- [EPA, 1994b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1994b/) - Environmental Protection Agency, March 17, 1994, Memo on Metabolism Committee Meetings on March 17, 1994 on Glyphosate and AMPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: Reports on the Health Effects Decision to not include AMPA in glyphosate tolerance calculations. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1994a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1994a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, March 2, 1994, Scientific Data Review on Glyphosate and AMPA residues, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: This document contains information to be presented to the Health Effects Division Metabolism Committee at a meeting on March 9, 1994 about Glyphosate and AMPA regulation. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1992b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1992/) - Environmental Protection Agency, December 15, 1992, "Dietary Exposure Analysis for Glyphosate in Support of the Reregistration Eligibility Document," Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: Memo provides a Dietary Risk Evaluation System for glyphosate as part of the reregistration process. This document confirms that EPA has changed the RfD to 2.0 mg/kg/day. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1991](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1991/) - Environmental Protection Agency, October 30, 1991, Memo on the second peer review of glyphosate oncogenicity, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: This memo reports on the conclusions of the Health Effects Division Carcinogenicity Peer Review Committee meeting of June 26, 1991 where the committee concluded that glyphosate should be classified as Group E- evidence
- [EPA, 1989](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1989/) - Environmental Protection Agency, January 30, 1989, Memo on petition to increase glyphosate tolerances on soybeans, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Dietary Exposure Branch. SUMMARY: In this memo, the Dietary Exposure Branch recommends approving Monsanto's petition to raise tolerances for soybeans to 20 ppm from 6 ppm, soybean straw from 15 to 200 ppm, and soybean
- [EPA, 1982a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1982a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, February 9, 1982, Memo on Lifetime Feeding Study in Rats with Glyphosate, Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1986a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1986a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, March 11, 1986, Memo on Additional Histopathological Evaluations of Chronic Feeding Study of Glyphosate in Mice, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. SUMMARY: Report of review of additional pathological and statistical information on mice kidney tumors. FULL TEXT
- [National Research Council, 1987](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/national-research-council-1987/) - National Research Council, "Regulating Pesticides in Food: The Delaney Paradox," National Academy Press, 1987. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1985b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1985b/) - Environmental Protection Agency, Memo on glyphosate mouse oncogenicity study, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, April 3, 1985. SUMMARY: This memo describes conclusions that glyphosate was found to be cancer- causing in male mice, causing kidney tumors in a dose-related manor and includes the consensus report by the committee. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1985a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1985a/) - Environmental Protection Agency, Memo on the Consensus Review of Glyphosate, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, March 4, 1985. SUMMARY: This memo reports on a meeting of the Toxicolgy Branch in February 1985 to discuss the potential oncogenic response of glyphosate where the group classified glyphosate as a Category C oncogen, meaning it may cause
- [EPA, 1982b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1982/) - Environmental Protection Agency, Memo on increase of temporary tolerances for glyphosate on soybeans, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, September 3, 1982. SUMMARY: This memo discusses a request to increase the tolerance for glyphosate on soybean grain and hulls and describes an ADI of 0.1 mg/kg/day. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1979](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1979/) - Environmental Protection Agency, Petition proposing the establishment of tolerance for residues of glyphosate, November 13, 1979. SUMMARY: Petition by Monsanto Agricultural Products, Inc. requests the establishment of a tolerance for residues of glyphosate and its metabolite in stone fruit at 0.2 ppm and refers to an ADI of 0.05 mg/kg/day. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1975](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1975/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Request for the establishment of final tolerances," for Pesticide Petition # 5F1536, 1975. SUMMARY: Request for the establishment of final tolerances for combined negligible residues of the herbicide N-phosphonomethyl glycine (glyphosate) and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid in or on forage grasses (crop group) and soybean forage and hay at 0.2 ppm;
- [Franz, 1974](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/us-patent-office-1974/) - Franz, John E., "N. Phosphonomethyl-glycine Phytotoxicant Compositions," U.S. Patent 3,799,758, March 26, 1974. ABSTRACT: N-phosphonomethylglycine and novel derivatives thereof useful as phytotoxicants or herbicides. FULL TEXT
- [EPA, 1993](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-1993/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED): Glyphosate," Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, September 1993. ABSTRACT: All pesticides sold or distributed in the United States must be registered by EPA, based on scientific studies showing that they can be used without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment. Because of advances in
- [EPA, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/epa-2016/) - Environmental Protection Agency, "Glyphosate Issue Paper: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential," EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs, September 12, 2016. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Purdue Extension, 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/purdue-extension-2013/) - Purdue Extension, "Corn and Soybean Herbicide Chart," 2013. ABSTRACT: This chart groups herbicides by their modes of action to assist you in selecting herbicides 1) to maintain greater diversity in herbicide use and 2) to rotate among herbicides with different sites of action to delay the development of herbicide resistance. FULL TEXT
- [Walsh et al., 2000](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/2615/) - Lance P. Walsh, Chad McCormick, Clyde Martin, and Douglas M. Stocco, "Roundup Inhibits Steroidogenesis by Disrupting Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Protein Expression," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2000, 108. ABSTRACT: Recent reports demonstrate that many currently used pesticides have the capacity to disrupt reproductive function in animals. Although this reproductive dysfunction is typically characterized by alterations in serum steroid
- [Monsanto, 2015c](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2015c/) - Monsanto, "Roundup Ready Plus 2015 Weed Management Recommendations and Incentives: Southwest," 2015. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2015b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2015b/) - Monsanto, "Roundup Ready Plus 2015 Weed Management Recommendations and Incentives: Plains, Midwest, and Northeast," 2015. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Monsanto, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/monsanto-2015/) - Monsanto, "Roundup Ready Plus 2015 Weed Management Recommendations and Incentives: Midsouth and Southeast," 2015. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Erickson and Bomgardner, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/erickson-and-bomgardner-2015/) - Britt E. Erickson, Melody M. Bomgardner, "Resistant weeds, fears of health effects drive market for alternatives to widely used herbicide," Chemical and Engineering News, 2015, 93:37. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Raines et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/raines-et-al-2014/) - Nathan Raines MPH, Marvin González MD MS, Christina Wyatt MD MS, Mark Kurzrok, Christopher Pool, Tiziana Lemma, Ilana Weiss MPH, Carlos Marín, Valerio Prado, Eugenia Marcas, Karina Mayorga, Jean Franco Morales, Aurora Aragón MD PhD, Perry Sheffield MD MPH, "Risk Factors for Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Nicaraguan Community Affected by Mesoamerican Nephropathy," MEDICC
- [Mesnage et al., 2015b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2015b/) - Robin Mesnage, Matthew Arno, Manuela Costanzo, Manuela Malatesta, Gilles-Eric Séralini and Michael N. Antoniou, "Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure," Environmental Health, 2015, 14:70, DOI 10.1186/s12940-015-0056-1. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the major pesticides used worldwide. Converging evidence suggests that GBH, such as Roundup, pose a particular
- [Mesnage et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2015/) - R. Mesnage, N. Defarge, J. Spiroux de Vendomois, G.E. Seralini, "Potential toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations below regulatory limits," Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015, 84, DOI: 10.1016/J.FCT.2015.08.012. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GlyBH), including Roundup, are the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Their uses have increased exponentially since their introduction on the market. Residue levels in
- [Marc et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/marc-et-al-2004/) - Julie Marc, Robert Belle, Julia Morales, Patrick Cormier, and Odile Mulner-Lorillon, "Formulated Glyphosate Activates the DNA-Response Checkpoint of the Cell Cycle Leading to the Prevention of G2/M Transition," Toxicological Sciences, 2004, 82, DOI:10.1093/TOXSCI/KFH281. ABSTRACT: A glyphosate containing pesticide impedes at 10 mM glyphosate the G2/M transition as judged from analysis of the first cell cycle of sea urchin development.
- [Guyton et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/guyton-et-al-2015/) - Kathryn Z Guyton, Dana Loomis, Yann Grosse, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Chiara Scoccianti, Heidi Mattock, Kurt Straif, on behalf of the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group, "Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate," The Lancet, 2015, 16, DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70134-8. ABSTRACT: Not Avaialble FULL TEXT
- [Hartzler et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/hartzler-et-al-2006/) - Bob Hartzler, Chris Boerboom, Glenn Nice, Peter Sikkema, "Understanding Glyphosate To Increase Performance: The Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops Series," Purdue Extension, 2006. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate and Roundup Ready® crops are popular because they provide consistent, broad spectrum weed control with minimal risk of crop injury. On occasion, however, growers experience poor weed control with glyphosate, generally because of application or
- [Schafer et al., 2004](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schafer-et-al-2004/) - Kristin S. Schafer, Margaret Reeves, Skip Spitzer, Susan E. Kegley, "Chemical Trespass: Pesticides in Our Bodies and Corporate Accountability," Report by the Pesticide Action Network North America, May 2004. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [DuPont Pioneer, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dupont-pioneer-2015/) - DuPont Pioneer (Canada), "From seed to harvest 2015: Pioneer brand products and services," 2015. SUMMARY: Industry brochure of products and services available in 2015 for Canadian farmers. FULL TEXT
- [Paganelli et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/paganelli-et-al-2010/) - Alejandra Paganelli, Victoria Gnazzo, Helena Acosta, Silvia L. López, and Andrés E. Carrasco, "Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling," Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2010, 23:10, DOI: 10.1021/TX1001749. ABSTRACT: The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate is widely used in agriculture worldwide. There has been ongoing controversy regarding the possible adverse effects of
- [Soloneski et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/soloneski-et-al-2016/) - Sonia Soloneski, Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute, and Marcelo L. Larramendy, "Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23:17, DOI: 10.1007/S11356-016-6992-7. ABSTRACT: The acute toxicity of two herbicide formulations, namely, the 57.71 % dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel(®) and
- [Szekacs and Darvas, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/szekacs-and-darvas-2012/) - András Székács and Béla Darvas, "Forty Years with Glyphosate," 2010, in Herbicides- Properties, Synthesis, and Control of Weeds, edited by Mohammed Naguib Abd El-Ghany Hasaneen. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Dill et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dill-et-al-2010/) - Gerald M. Dill, R. Douglas Sammons, Paul C. C. Feng, Frank Kohn, Keith Kretzmer, Akbar Mehrsheikh, Marion Bleeke, Joy L. Honegger, Donna Farmer, Dan Wright, and Eric A. Haupfear, "Glyphosate: Discovery, Development, Applications, and Properties," 2010, in Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds: History, Development, and Management, Edited by Vijay K. Nandula. ABSTRACT: Not Avaialble FULL
- [Markel et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/markel-et-al-2015/) - Markel TA, Proctor C, Ying J, Winchester PD, "Environmental pesticides increase the risk of developing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2015, 50:8, DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2014.12.009. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a condition noted within the first several weeks of life that results in hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle between the stomach and duodenum.
- [Reigart and Roberts, 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/reigart-and-roberts-2013/) - Reigart, Routt, Roberts, James, "Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning," US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs, 2013, Sixth Edition. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Wagner-Schuman et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/wagner-schuman-et-al-2015/) - Wagner-Schuman M, Richardson JR, Auinger P, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Yolton K, Froehlich TE., "Association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children," Environmental Health, 2015, 14:44. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid pesticides cause abnormalities in the dopamine system and produce an ADHD phenotype in animal models, with
- [Jackson et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jackson-et-al-2009/) - Jackson RJ, Minjares R, Naumoff KS, Patel BS, Martin LK, "Agriculture Policy is Health Policy," Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 2009; 4(3): 393-408, DOI: 10.1080/19320240903321367. ABSTRACT: The Farm Bill is meant to supplement and secure farm incomes, ensure a stable food supply, and support the American farm economy. Over time, however, it has evolved
- [Jackson and Malloy, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jackson-and-malloy-2011/) - Jackson RJ, Malloy TF, "Environmental public health law: three pillars," The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2011; 39 Suppl 1: 34-6. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Sisto et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/sisto-et-al-2015/) - Renata Sisto, Arturo Moleti, L’ubica Palkovičová Murínová, Soňa Wimmerová, Kinga Lancz, Juraj Tihányi, Kamil Čonka, Eva Šovčíková, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Todd A. Jusko, and Tomáš Trnovec, "Environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides and deficits in cochlear status in children," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22:19, DOI: 10.107/S11356-015-489-5. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis
- [Benbrook, 2016b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benbrook-2016b/) - Charles Benbrook, "Enhancements Needed in GE Crop and Food Regulation in the U.S.," Frontiers in Public Health, March 31, 2016, DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2016.0059. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Young et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/young-et-al-2013/) - Heather A Young, John D Meeker, Sheena E Martenies, Zaida I Figueroa, Dana Boyd Barr and Melissa J Perry, "Environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm sex chromosome disomy: a cross-sectional study," Environmental Health, 2013, 12:111, DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-111. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The role of environmental pesticide exposures, such as pyrethroids, and their relationship to sperm abnormalities are not well
- [Evans et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/evans-et-al-2015/) - Jeffrey A Evans, Patrick J Tranel, Aaron G Hager, Brian Schutte, Chenxi Wu, Laura A Chatham, and Adam S Davis, "Managing the evolution of herbicide resistance," 2015, Pest Management Science, 72, DOI 10.1002/ps.4009. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Understanding and managing the evolutionary responses of pests and pathogens to control efforts is essential to human health and survival. Herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds undermine agricultural sustainability, productivity
- [Zimdahl, 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zimdahl-2011/) - Robert L. Zimdahl, "My View: Editorial," Weed Science, 2011, 59:3, DOI: 10.1614/WS-D-11-00010.1. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Harker et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/harker-et-al-2012/) - K. Neil Harker, John T. O’Donovan, Robert E. Blackshaw, Hugh J. Beckie, C. Mallory-Smith, and Bruce D. Maxwell, "Our View," Weed Science, 2012, 60, DOI: 10.1614/WS-D-11-00177.1. Perhaps the incidence and impact of glyphosate-resistant weed species are now great enough that real solutions to glyphosate resistance can be discussed without much backlash. It is clear to most weed
- [Crews et al., 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/crews-et-al-2007/) - David Crews, Andrea C. Gore, Timothy S. Hsu, Nygerma L. Dangleben, Michael Spinetta, Timothy Schallert, Matthew D. Anway, and Michael K. Skinner, "Transgenerational epigenetic imprints on mate preference," PNAS, 2007, 104:14, DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.0610410104. ABSTRACT: Environmental contamination by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) can have epigenetic effects (by DNA methylation) on the germ line and promote disease across subsequent generations.
- [Skinner, 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/skinner-2016/) - Michael Skinner, "Unified theory of evolution," 2016, Aeon, available online at: https://aeon.co/essays/on-epigenetics-we-need-both-darwin-s-and-lamarck-s-theories. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Manikkam et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manikkam-et-al-2014/) - Mohan Manikkam, M. Muksitul Haque, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Eric E. Nilsson, Michael K. Skinner , "Pesticide Methoxychlor Promotes the Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Adult-Onset Disease through the Female Germline," PLoS ONE, 2014, 9:7, DOI: 10.371/JOURNAL.PONE.0102091. ABSTRACT: Environmental compounds including fungicides, plastics, pesticides, dioxin and hydrocarbons can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease in future generation
- [Skinner, 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/skinner-2015/) - Michael K. Skinner, "Environmental Epigenetics and a Unified Theory of the Molecular Aspects of Evolution: A Neo-Lamarckian Concept that Facilitates Neo-Darwinian Evolution," Genome Biology and Evolution, 2015, 7:5, DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EW073. ABSTRACT: Environment has a critical role in the natural selection process for Darwinian evolution. The primary molecular component currently considered for neo-Darwinian evolution involves genetic
- [Casteel, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/casteel-2017/) - Shaun Casteel, "Soybean Physiology: How Well Do You Know Soybeans?," 2017, Slide Presentation Prepared for Purdue University Soybean Station. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Lawton, 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/lawton-2017/) - Kurt Lawton, “Weed control outlook: Soybeans & corn,” Corn and Soybean Digest, February 7, 2017. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT See Hygeia Analytics Blog post about this article here: https://hygeia-analytics.com/2017/02/17/more-bad-news-on-the-resistant-weed-front/
- [Fisher et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/fisher-et-al-2012/) - Madeline Fisher, "Many Little Hammers: Fighting Weed Resistance with Diversified Management," 2012, Society of Agronomy Report, available online at: https://www.agronomy.org/files/publications/csa-news/many-little-hammers.pdf. ABSTRACT: Not Available FULL TEXT
- [Davis et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/davis-et-al-2012/) - Adam S. Davis, Jason D. Hill, Craig A. Chase, Ann M. Johanns, and Matt Liebman, "Increasing Cropping System Diversity Balances Productivity, Profitability and Environmental Health," PLoS One, 2012, 7:10, DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0047149 ABSTRACT: Balancing productivity, profitability, and environmental health is a key challenge for agricultural sustainability. Most crop production systems in the United States are characterized by
- [Pleasants and Oberhauser, 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/pleasants-and-oberhauser-2012/) - John M. Pleasants and Karen S. Oberhauser, "Milkweed loss in agricultural fields because of herbicide use: effect on the monarch butterfly population," Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2012, 6:2, DOI: 10.1111/J.1752-4598.2012.00196.X. ABSTRACT: 1. The size of the Mexican overwintering population of monarch butter- flies has decreased over the last decade. Approximately half of these butterflies come from the
- [Zobiole et al., 2010a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/zobiole-et-al-2010a/) - Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole, Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr, Don Morgan Huber, Jamil Constantin, César de Castro, Fábio Alvares de Oliveira, Adilson de Oliveira Jr, "Glyphosate reduces shoot concentrations of mineral nutrients in glyphosate-resistant soybeans," Plant and Soil, 2009, 328:1, DOI: 10.1007/s11104-009-0081-3. ABSTRACT: Although glyphosate-resistant (GR) technology is used in most countries producing soybeans (Glycine max
- [Gaines et al., 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gaines-et-al-2009/) - Todd A. Gaines, Wenli Zhang, Dafu Wang, Bekir Bukun, Stephen T. Chisholm, Dale L. Shaner, Scott J. Nissen, William L. Patzoldt , Patrick J. Tranel , A. Stanley Culpepper , Timothy L. Grey , Theodore M. Webster , William K. Vencill, R. Douglas Sammons, Jiming Jiang, Christopher Prestoni, Jan E. Leacha, and Philip Westraa, "Gene
- [Eker et al., 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/eker-et-al-2006/) - Selim Eker, Levent Ozturk, Atilla Yazici, Bulent Erenoglu, Volker Romheld, Ismail Cakmak, "Foliar-Applied Glyphosate Substantially Reduced Uptake and Transport of Iron and Manganese in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plants," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, DOI: 10.1021/JF0625196 ABSTRACT: Evidence clearly shows that cationic micronutrients in spray solutions reduce the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate for weed control due to
- [Anway et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/anway-et-al-2005/) - Anway, Matthew D., Cupp, Andrea S., Uzumcu, Mehmet, and Skinner, Michael K., "Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors and Male Fertility," Science, 2005, 308:5727, DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1108190. ABSTRACT: Transgenerational effects of environmental toxins require either a chromosomal or epigenetic alteration in the germ line. Transient exposure of a gestating female rat during the period of gonadal sex determination
- [Chevrier et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/chevrier-et-al-2011/) - Cecile Chevrier, Gwendolina Limon, Christine Monfort, Florence Rouget, Ronan Garlantezec, et al., "Urinary biomarkers of prenatal atrazine exposure and adverse birth outcomes in the PELAGIE birth cohort," Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, 119:7, DOI: 10.1289/EHP.100277. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of atrazine toxicity in developing organisms from experimental studies, few studies—and fewer epidemiologic investigations—have examined the potential
- [Cocker et al., 2011](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/cocker-et-al-2011/) - J. Cocker, H. J. Mason, N. D. Warren and R. J. Cotton, "Creatinine adjustment of biological monitoring results," Occupational Medicine, 2011, 61, DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr084. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Biological monitoring (BM) aids exposure assessment but where this is based on incomplete collections of single urine voiding measurement of creatinine is often used to adjust analyte concentrations for the effects
- [Dill, 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/dill-2005/) - Gerald M Dill, "Glyphosate-resistant crops: history, status and future," Pest Management Science, 2005, 61, DOI: 10.1002/PS.1008. ABSTRACT: The commercial launch of glyphosate-resistant soybeans in 1996 signaled the beginning of a new era in weed management in row crops. Today, over 80% of the soybeans grown in the USA are glyphosate resistant. Since that time, many crops
- [Binimelis et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/binimelis-et-al-2009/) - Rosa Binimelis, Walter Pengue, Iliana Monterroso, ‘‘'Transgenic treadmill': Responses to the emergence and spread of glyphosate-resistant johnsongrass in Argentina," Geoforum, 2009, 40:4. ABSTRACT: The broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate has become the largest-selling crop-protection product worldwide. The increased use of glyphosate is associated with the appearance of a growing number of tolerant or resistant weeds, with socio-environmental consequences
- [Mortensen et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mortensen-et-al-2012/) - David A. Mortensen, J. Franklin Egan, Bruce D. Maxwell, Matthew R. Ryan, Richard G. Smith, "Navigating a Critical Juncture for Sustainable Weed Management," BioScience, 2012, 62:1. ABSTRACT: Agricultural weed management has become entrenched in a single tactic—herbicide-resistant crops—and needs greater emphasis on integrated practices that are sustainable over the long term. In response to the outbreak
- [Weselak et al., 2008](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/weselak-et-al-2008/) - Weselak M, Arbuckle TE, Wigle DT, Walker MC, Krewski D, "Pre- and post-conception pesticide exposure and the risk of birth defects in an Ontario farm population.," Reproductive Toxicology, 2008, 25:4, DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.05.060. ABSTRACT: The use of pesticides has enhanced the health and economies of nations around the world by improving crop production. However, pesticides may pose
- [Thongprakaisang et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/thongprakaisang-et-al-2013/) - Thongprakaisang S, Thiantanawat A, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Satayavivad J, "Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors," Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013 59, DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.057. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is an active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide and it is believed to be less toxic than other pesticides. However, several recent studies showed
- [Swan, 2006](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/swan-2006/) - Swan SH, "Semen quality in fertile US men in relation to geographical area and pesticide exposure," International Journal of Andrology, 2006, 29:1. ABSTRACT: We conducted the first US study to compare semen quality among study centres using standardized methods and strict quality control. We present data on semen quality in partners of 493 pregnant women
- [Skinner, 2007](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/skinner-2007/) - Skinner MK1, "Endocrine disruptors and epigenetic transgenerational disease etiology," Pediatric Research, 2007, 61:5 Pt 2. ABSTRACT: Exposure to an environmental factor (e.g. endocrine disruptor) during embryonic gonadal sex determination appears to be epigenetically reprogram the male germ-line and subsequently promote transgenerational adult-onset disease. Disease phenotypes resulting from this epigenetic phenomenon include testis abnormalities, prostate disease,
- [Skinner et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/skinner-et-al-2012/) - Skinner MK, Manikkam M, Haque MM, Zhang B, Savenkova MI, "Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of somatic transcriptomes and epigenetic control regions," Genome Biology, 2012, 13:10, DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-10-r91. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease involves a variety of phenotypic changes, suggesting a general alteration in genome activity. RESULTS: Investigation of different tissue transcriptomes in
- [Skinner et al., 2013a](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/486/) - Skinner MK, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Haque M, Nilsson E, Bhandari R, McCarrey JR, "Environmentally induced transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming of primordial germ cells and the subsequent germ line," PLoS One, 2013, 8:7, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066318. (Erratum in PLoS One. 2013;8(7). DOI:10.1371/annotation/7683bb48-85db-4c7e-87c0-304a7d53a587.) ABSTRACT: A number of environmental factors (e.g. toxicants) have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease
- [Skinner et al., 2013b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/482/) - Skinner MK, Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Haque M, Nilsson EE, "Ancestral dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure promotes epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity," BMC Medicine, 2013, 11:228, DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-228. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. The present
- [Schreinemachers, 2010](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/schreinemachers-2010/) - Schreinemachers DM, "Perturbation of lipids and glucose metabolism associated with previous 2,4-D exposure: a cross-sectional study of NHANES III data, 1988-1994," Environmental Health, 2010, 9:11, DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-11. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Results from previous population studies showed that mortality rates from acute myocardial infarction and type-2 diabetes during the 1980s and 1990s in rural, agricultural counties of Minnesota, Montana,
- [Rocheleau et al., 2009](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/rocheleau-et-al-2009/) - Rocheleau CM, Romitti PA, Dennis LK, "Pesticides and hypospadias: a meta-analysis.," Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2009, 5:1, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2008.08.006. ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To use meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the findings of the current body of published literature regarding the risk of hypospadias resulting from parental exposure to pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of Pub Med for original
- [Rissman and Adli, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/465/) - Rissman EF, Adli M, "Minireview: transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: focus on endocrine disrupting compounds," Endocrinology, 2014, 155:8, DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1123. ABSTRACT: The idea that what we eat, feel, and experience influences our physical and mental state and can be transmitted to our offspring and even to subsequent generations has been in the popular realm for a long time. In
- [Richard et al., 2005](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/richard-et-al-2005/) - Richard S, Moslemi S, Sipahutar H, Benachour N, Seralini GE, "Differential effects of glyphosate and roundup on human placental cells and aromatase, " Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005, 113:6. ABSTRACT: Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide used worldwide, including on most genetically modified plants that have been designed to tolerate it. Its residues may thus enter the food
- [Omoike et al., 2015](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/omoike-et-al-2015/) - Omoike OE, Lewis RC, Meeker JD, "Association between urinary biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate insecticides and serum reproductive hormones in men from NHANES 1999-2002," Reproductive Toxicology, 2015, 53, DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.005. ABSTRACT: Exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides may alter reproductive hormone levels in men and increase the risk for poor reductive health and other adverse health outcomes. However,
- [Nilsson et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/nilsson-et-al-2012/) - Nilsson E, Larsen G, Manikkam M, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Savenkova MI, Skinner MK, "Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian disease," PLoS ONE, 2012, 7:5, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036129. ABSTRACT: The actions of environmental toxicants and relevant mixtures in promoting the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian disease was investigated with the use of a fungicide, a pesticide mixture,
- [Mesnage et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2013/) - Mesnage R, Bernay B, Séralini GE, "Ethoxylated adjuvants of glyphosate-based herbicides are active principles of human cell toxicity," Toxicology, 2013, 313:2-3, DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.006. ABSTRACT: Pesticides are always used in formulations as mixtures of an active principle with adjuvants. Glyphosate, the active ingredient of the major pesticide in the world, is an herbicide supposed to be specific on
- [Mesnage et al., 2017](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/mesnage-et-al-2017/) - Mesnage R, Renney G, Séralini GE, Ward M, Antoniou MN, "Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide," Scientific Reports, 2017, 7:39328, DOI: 10.1038/srep39328. ABSTRACT: The impairment of liver function by low environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) is still a debatable and unresolved
- [Manikkam et al., 2012b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manikkam-et-al-2012b/) - Manikkam M, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Tracey R, Haque MM, Skinner MK, “Transgenerational actions of environmental compounds on reproductive disease and identification of epigenetic biomarkers of ancestral exposures,” PLoS One, 2012, 7:2. ABSTRACT: Environmental factors during fetal development can induce a permanent epigenetic change in the germ line (sperm) that then transmits epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease
- [Manikkam et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/manikkam-et-al-2012/) - Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK, “Pesticide and insect repellent mixture (permethrin and DEET) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations,” Reproductive Toxicology, 2012, 34:4, DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.010. ABSTRACT: Environmental compounds are known to promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease. The current study was designed to determine if a “pesticide mixture” (pesticide permethrin
- [Kabasenche and Skinner, 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/kabasenche-and-skinner-2014/) - Kabasenche WP, Skinner MK, “DDT, epigenetic harm, and transgenerational environmental justice,” Environmental Health, 2014, 13:62, DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-62. ABSTRACT: Although the environmentally harmful effects of widespread dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) use became well-known following Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962), its human health effects have more recently become clearer. A ban on the use of DDT has been in place for
- [Jensen et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/jensen-et-al-2016/) - Jensen PK, Wujcik CE, McGuire MK, McGuire MA, “Validation of reliable and selective methods for direct determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in milk and urine using LC-MS/MS,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health – Part B, 2016, 51:4, DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1120619. ABSTRACT: Simple high-throughput procedures were developed for the direct analysis of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and aminomethylphosphonic acid
- [Gasnier et al., 2009.](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/gasnier-et-al-2009/) - Gasnier C, Dumont C, Benachour N, Clair E, Chagnon MC, Séralini GE, “Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines,” Toxicology, 2009, 262:3. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.006. ABSTRACT: Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used across the world; they are commercialized in different formulations. Their residues are frequent pollutants in the environment. In addition, these herbicides are
- [Defarge et al., 2016](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/defarge-et-al-2016/) - Defarge N, Takács E, Lozano VL, Mesnage R, Spiroux de Vendômois J, Séralini GE, Székács A, “Co-Formulants in Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Disrupt Aromatase Activity in Human Cells below Toxic Levels,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, 13:3. ABSTRACT: Pesticide formulations contain declared active ingredients and co-formulants presented as inert and confidential compounds. We tested
- [Collotta et al., 2013](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/collotta-et-al-2013/) - Collotta, M, Bertazzi, PA, Bollati, V, “Epigenetics and pesticides,” Toxicology, 2013, 307, DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.017. ABSTRACT: Pesticides, a wide class of environmental contaminants, may cause both acute and delayed health effects in exposed subjects. These effects can range from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as affecting the nervous system, the reproductive system
- [Clair et al., 2012](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/clair-et-al-2012/) - Clair E, Mesnage R, Travert C, Séralini GÉ, “A glyphosate-based herbicide induces necrosis and apoptosis in mature rat testicular cells in vitro, and testosterone decrease at lower levels,” Toxicology In Vitro, 2012, 26:2, doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.009. ABSTRACT: The major herbicide used worldwide, Roundup, is a glyphosate-based pesticide with adjuvants. Glyphosate, its active ingredient in plants and its main
- [Castillo-Fernandez et al., 2014](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/366/) - Castillo-Fernandez JE, Spector TD, Bell JT, “Epigenetics of discordant monozygotic twins: implications for disease,” Genome Medicine, 2014, 6:7, doi: 10.1186/s13073-014-0060-z. ABSTRACT: Monozygotic (MZ) twins share nearly all of their genetic variants and many similar environments before and after birth. However, they can also show phenotypic discordance for a wide range of traits. Differences at the epigenetic
- [Benachour and Seralini, 2009.](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/benachour-and-seralini-2009/) - Benachour N, Séralini GE, "Glyphosate formulations induce apoptosis and necrosis in human umbilical, embryonic, and placental cell," Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2009, 22(1):97-105, doi: 10.1021/ tx800218n. ABSTRACT: We have evaluated the toxicity of four glyphosate (G)-based herbicides in Roundup formulations, from 10(5) times dilutions, on three different human cell types. This dilution level is far below agricultural
- [Agopian et al, 2013b](https://hh-ra.org/bibliographies/agopian-et-al-2013b/) - Agopian AJ, Lupo PJ, Canfield MA, Langlois PH, “Case-control study of maternal residential atrazine exposure and male genital malformations,” American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2013, 161A:5, doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35815. ABSTRACT: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been associated with risk for male genital malformations. However, residential prenatal exposure to atrazine, an endocrine disrupting pesticide,

## HS Radio Episodes

- [Episode 114: LeAnna Compagna](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-114-leanna-compagna/) - LeAnna Compagna is a third generation organic farmer in Middlebury, Vermont. Together with her husband they are farming on their own dairy farm as well as on LeAnna’s parents farm that became an organic farm in 2007, when her parents sold the herd of cows that had come with the farm and replaced it with
- [Episode 113: Piper Davis](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-113-piper-davis/) - Piper Davis is a celebrated baker and partner at Grand Central Bakery, a regional chain of 10 cafes and artisan bakeries in the Pacific Northwest. An avid baker, cook and good food provisioner, she is the co-author of “The Grand Central Baking Book” and is Board Chair of the national nonprofit Chefs Collaborative. Tune in to learn more
- [Episode 112: Dr. Philip Landrigan (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-112-dr-philip-landrigan-re-run/) - Dr. Philip Landrigan is a pediatrician and epidemiologist, as well as Professor, Director of the Global Public Health Program and of the Global Pollution Observatory at the Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society at Boston College. His research focuses on toxic chemicals in the environment and their effects on children’s health and development. Tune
- [Episode 109: Rick Nahmias and Food Forward](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-109-rick-nahmias-and-food-forward/) - Rick Nahmias is the founder and CEO of Food Forward, and an award winning photographer and writer who is focused on the faces and stories of marginalized communities. He is an internationally recognized speaker on food justice and social innovation issues and his work has been profiled in dozens of media outlets. Tune in to learn
- [Episode 111: George Siemon (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-111-george-siemon-re-run/) - George Siemon is an organic pioneer and the co-founder and former CEO of CROPP/Organic Valley. In September 2022, George was one of the recipients of the 2022 Honorary Recognition Award from the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. The Honorary Recognition Award recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to their professions, their communities and
- [Episode 110: Marianne LeGreco (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-110-marianne-legreco-re-run/) - Dr. Marianne LeGreco is an Associate Professor and Graduate Program Director in the Department of Communications Studies at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. She is also the co-author of “Everybody Eats: Communication and the Paths to Food Justice” which was published in 2021. Tune in to learn more about: Marianne’s inspiration for studying communications;
- [Episode 108: Reginaldo Haslett Marroquin](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-108-reginaldo-haslett-marroquin/) - Reginaldo Haslett-Marroquin engages immigrants, farmers old and new, and established agricultural entrepreneurs in his life’s work of designing, refining, and championing a global model for poultry-powered, planet cooling, scalable and regenerative agriculture. Reginaldo has immersed himself in this work by launching the non-profit Regenerative Agriculture Alliance, co-founding the Tree-Range® Chicken brand, and recently being named CEO
- [Episode 107: Bill Tracy](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-107-bill-tracy/) - Bill Tracy is a Professor in the Department of Agronomy, Chair of the Masters program in Agroecology, and is the Clif Bar and Organic Valley Endowed Chair in Plant Breeding for Organic Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Tune in to learn more about: – Sweet corn breeding; – Breeding for climate; – Why diversity
- [Episode 106: Erin Silva](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-106-erin-silva/) - Dr. Erin Silva is an Associate Professor and State Extension Specialist in Organic and Sustainable Cropping Systems in the Department of Plant Pathology as well as the Director for the Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at UW-Madison. Tune in to learn more about: Her work in agroecology
- [Episode 105: Cathy Erway](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-105-cathy-erway/) - Cathy Erway is a James Beard and IACP (The International Association of Culinary Professionals) award winning food writer and the author of the cookbooks “The Food of Taiwan”, “Sheet Pan Chicken”, and the memoir “The Art of Eating In: How I Learned to Stop Spending and Love the Stove”. She hosts the podcast Self Evident, exploring Asian America’s stories. Tune
- [Episode 104: George Siemon](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-104-george-siemon/) - George Siemon is an organic pioneer and the co-founder and former CEO of CROPP/Organic Valley. In September 2022, George was one of the recipients of the 2022 Honorary Recognition Award from the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. The Honorary Recognition Award recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to their professions, their communities and
- [Episode 102: Lauren Perkins](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-102-lauren-perkins/) - Lauren Perkins is a 4th generation organic dairy farmer at Perk Organic Dairy Farm in Frankford, West Virginia. Lauren grew up on the 1,000-acre farm that her great-grandfather started in 1942. At 26, she became the first woman in her family to manage the dairy farm. Tune in to learn more about: The story of
- [Episode 101: Robert Gottlieb](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-101-robert-gottlieb/) - Robert Gottlieb is Professor Emeritus of Urban and Environmental Policy and the Founder and former Director of the Urban & Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College. Professor Gottlieb research is focused on environmental and food justice, care politics, power and inequality, global cities and the infrastructure of everyday life. He is also the author of
- [Episode 100: Wade Miller](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-100-wade-miller/) - Wade Miller is the Vice President of Farm Resources and Sustainability at Coulee Region Organic Produce Pools (CROPP)/Organic Valley, the nation’s largest organic, farmer-owned cooperative and one of the world’s largest organic consumer brands. Tune in to learn more about: Wade’s career path in agriculture; Sustaining family farms and recognizing that they are the caretakers of the
- [Episode 99: Nicole Rakobitsch](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-99-nicole-rakobitsch/) - Nicole Rakobitsch is the Director of Sustainability at Cooperative Regions of Organic Producer Pools (CROPP)/Organic Valley. Organic Valley is America’s largest cooperative of organic farmers and one of the nation’s leading organic brands. Tune in to learn more about: Nicole’s path that led her to sustainability and to Organic Valley; Why organic farmers are the real
- [Episode 98: Dr. Niesha Douglas](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-98-dr-niesha-douglas/) - Dr. Niesha Douglas is an educator, author and writer. Dr. Douglas has over 15 years of experience in higher education and over 6 years of experience in community development. Dr. Douglas is a community activist that believes in giving back to the community that helped her grow and develop into a professional and leader. She
- [Episode 97: Dr. Marion Nestle](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-97-dr-marion-nestle/) - Dr. Marion Nestle is the Paulette Goddard Professor of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, Emerita, at New York University in the department she chaired from 1988-2003 and from which she retired in September 2017. She is also Visiting Professor of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell. Dr. Nestle holds honorary degrees from Transylvania University in Kentucky
- [Episode 96: Dr. André Leu](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-96-dr-andre-leu/) - Dr. André Leu is the international director of Regeneration International, an organization that promotes food, farming and land use systems that regenerate and stabilize climate systems, the health of the planet and people, communities, culture and local economies. He is an internationally recognized speaker and the author of “Growing Life”, “Poisoning our Children” and the “Myths of
- [Episode 95: Marianne LeGreco](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-95-marianne-legreco/) - Dr. Marianne LeGreco is an Associate Professor and Graduate Program Director in the Department of Communications Studies at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. She is also the co-author of “Everybody Eats: Communication and the Paths to Food Justice” which was published in 2021. Tune in to learn more about: Marianne’s inspiration for studying communications;
- [Episode 94: Naima Dhore](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-94-naima-dhore/) - Naima Dhore is a first-generation Somali-American farmer, activist and educator committed to look after Mother Earth and community building. She is the Program Director at the Somali American Farmers Association and owner of Naima’s Farm LLC, where she supports future Somali-American farmers in Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about: Naima’s home country of Somalia and their
- [Episode 93: Don Stuart](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-93-don-stuart/) - Don Stuart has worked in natural resources and the environment for over 40 years. He served as Pacific Northwest Regional Director for the American Farmland Trust, was the Executive Director for the Washington Association of Conservation Districts, as well as a former Alaska commercial salmon fisherman, a former Seattle trial attorney, and a Lieutenant in the
- [Episode 92: Annie Shattuck](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-92-annie-shattuck/) - Dr. Annie Shattuck is an Assistant Professor at Indiana University. Her research interests include sustainable food systems and food politics in the United States, and agrarian change, agricultural development and rural health in Southeast Asia. She is a former National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow, and a fellow of the Institute for Food and Development
- [Episode 91: Javier Zamora](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-91-javier-zamora/) - Immigrating to the United States in 1986, Javier Zamora worked in the service industry in southern California for 20 years before going back to school at the age of 43, earning his GED and a degree in landscape design before enrolling in the horticulture program at Cabrillo College. Sharpening his farming skills through the Agriculture and
- [Episode 90: Dr. Julie Guthman](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-90-dr-julie-guthman/) - Dr. Julie Guthman is a Professor of Social Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her publications include four books and over forty articles in peer-reviewed professional journals. In 2017 and 2018, Dr. Guthman received fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Tune in to learn more
- [Episode 89: Teresa Mares](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-89-teresa-mares/) - Dr. Teresa Mares is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Vermont and is the Director of the Graduate Program in Food Systems. She received her M.A. (2005) and Ph.D. (2010) in Sociocultural Anthropology from the University of Washington. She also completed a graduate certificate in Women Studies at the University of Washington.
- [Episode 88: Dr. Leonardo Trasande (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-88-dr-leonardo-trasande-re-run/) - This week we are revisiting one of our interviews with Dr. Leonardo Trasande. Dr. Leonardo Trasande, Jim G. Hendrick MD Professor, is the Director of the Division of Environmental Pediatrics and Vice Chair for Research in the Department of Pediatrics at the New York University (NYU) School of Medicine. Dr. Trasande is also the author of the 2019
- [Episode 86: Raj Patel (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-86-raj-patel-re-run/) - This week we are revisiting one of our interviews with Raj Patel. Raj Patel is an award-winning author, film-maker and academic. He is a Research Professor in the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, Austin and a Senior Research Associate at the Unit for the Humanities at the university
- [Episode 85: John Ikerd (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-85-john-ikerd-re-run/) - This week we are revisiting one of our interviews with Dr. John Ikerd. Dr. John Ikerd is a retired Professor Emeritus of Agricultural & Applied economics at the University of Missouri, author, speaker as well as a leading figure in the sustainability revolution—one who is capable of deep insights but also has the capacity to
- [Episode 84: Jacob Hundt](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-84-jacob-hundt/) - Jacob Hundt is Executive Director, Board Member and a Faculty member at Thoreau College in Viroqua, Wisconsin. Growing up on a dairy farm in the Driftless Region of southwestern Wisconsin and one of the founding students of the Youth Initiative High School, Jacob gathered inspiration for transformation in higher education through his studies at Deep Springs College, the American University in
- [Episode 83: Dr. Michelle Perro](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-83-dr-michelle-perro/) - Dr. Michelle Perro is a veteran pediatrician with over 40 years of experience in acute and integrative medicine. Dr. Perro has transformed her clinical practice to include pesticide and health advocacy more than fifteen years ago. She is also the co-author of the book “What’s Making Our Children Sick” as well as Executive Director of
- [Episode 82: Molly Jahn](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-83-molly-jahn/) - Dr. Molly Jahn is a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where she holds appointments in the Department of Agronomy, the Nelson Institute, the Global Health Institute (on leave 2019-20 for Government Service), and a $0 appointment in the Wisconsin School of Law. She is currently on an Interagency Personnel Agreement from UW-Madison to work
- [Episode 81: Andy Fisher](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-81-andy-fisher/) - Andy Fisher is the Executive Director of the Ecological Farming Association and has been a leading force for social justice in the anti-hunger and food movements in the U.S. since the mid 1990s. He co-founded and led the Community Food Security Coalition for over 17 years and published his first book “ Big Hunger, The
- [Episode 80: Tony Bedard (Re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-80-tony-bedard-re-run/) - This week we are revisiting our interview with Tony Bedard. Tony Bedard is the Chief Executive Officer of Frontier Co-op, whose mission to nourish people and planet is rooted in corporate social responsibility. Tony has also led more than 25 humanitarian missions to El Salvador and Haiti to support projects in the areas of education, clean
- [Episode 79: Dave Goulson (Re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-79-dave-goulson-re-run/) - This week we are revisiting our interview with Professor Dave Goulson. Dave Goulson is a Professor of Biology at the University of Sussex (England), who specializes in bee ecology. Professor Goulson has published more than 300 scientific articles on the ecology and conservation of bumblebees and other insects, plus seven books, including the Sunday Times
- [Episode 78: Rachael Jones](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-78-rachel-jones/) - Rachael Jones is a farmer and a co-founder of Locavore Farm and Sumac Creek Farm, which are situated 43-miles south of downtown Chicago in Kankakee County, Illinois. In 2013, Rachael was named Economic Development Leader of the Year by the Small Business Administration and in 2019 she received an Innovation in Agriculture Award from Kankakee County on behalf
- [Episode 77: Dr. Christopher Carter](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-77-dr-christopher-carter/) - Dr. Christopher Carter is an assistant professor of theology and religious studies at the University of San Diego and a pastor in the United Methodist Church. He just published his first book “The Spirit of Soul Food: Race, Faith, and Food Justice” and is on the board of directors of Farm Forward, an anti-factory farming
- [Episode 76: Liz Carlisle](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-76-liz-carlisle/) - Liz Carlisle is an Assistant Professor in the Environmental Studies Program at UC Santa Barbara, where she teaches courses on food and farming. She has written three books about regenerative farming and agroecology: “Lentil Underground” (2015), “Grain by Grain” (2019, with co-author Bob Quinn), and most recently, “Healing Grounds: Climate, Justice, and the Deep Roots of Regenerative Farming” (2022). Tune in to
- [Episode 75: Tammi Jonas](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-75-tammi-jonas/) - Tammi Jonas is an agroecologist, farmer, mindful meatsmith, agrarian activist, author and academic with a focus on ethical, ecologically sound and socially-just food system. Tammi is the President of the Australian Food Sovereignty Alliance and the founder and owner of Jonai Farms and Meatsmiths, a 69 acre farm in Eganstown (Australia), where together with her husband, she pasture
- [Episode 74: Michel Nischan](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-74-michel-nischan/) - Chef Michel Nischan is the founder and Executive Chairman of Wholesome Wave, the founder of Wholesome Crave, and co-founder of the James Beard Foundation’s Chefs Action Network. Michel is a four-time James Beard Award winning chef with over 30 years of leadership advocating for a more healthy and sustainable food system. Tune in to learn more about:
- [Episode 103: Frances Moore Lappé (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-103-frances-moore-lappe-re-run/) - Frances Moore Lappé is the author or co-author of twenty books about world hunger, living democracy, and the environment, beginning with the three-million-copy Diet for a Small Planet in 1971. She is the co-founder of three organizations including the Oakland-based think tank Food First and the Small Planet Institute, which she leads with her daughter, Anna Lappé, and the Small
- [Episode 73: Elena Terry](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-73-elena-terry/) - Elena Terry is the Executive Chef/Founder of Wild Bearies, a non-profit community outreach catering organization that supports participants to overcome alcohol and other drug abuse issues or emotional traumas. One of her goals has been to develop mentorship programs that help build stronger communities within the Indigenous Food Sovereignty movement. Developing the Native American Food Sovereignty
- [Episode 72: Larry Jacobs](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-72-larry-jacobs/) - Together with his wife Sandra Belin, Larry Jacobs founded Jacobs Farm, a successful northern California organic farming operation specializing in fresh culinary herbs in 1980. In 1986, they launched Del Cabo, a collective with a unique vision for social change and sustainability. Sandra and Larry were awarded the prestigious Organic Trade Association’s (OTA) 2007 Organic Farming Leadership
- [Episode 71: Sarah Nelson](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-71-sarah-nelson/) - Sarah Nelson is the Executive Director for the organization 18 Reasons, a non-profit cooking school in the San Francisco area, with the mission to empower the community with the confidence and creativity to buy, cook and eat good food every day. Tune in to learn more about: Why and when we stopped cooking and the negatives
- [Episode 70: Dr. Ricardo Salvador](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-70-dr-ricardo-salvador/) - Dr. Ricardo Salvador is a senior scientist and director of the Food and Environment Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. He has over four decades of experience working with citizens, scientists, economists, and politicians to transition our current food system into one that grows healthy foods while employing sustainable and socially equitable practices. Tune in
- [Episode 69: Michelle Horovitz](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-69-michelle-horovitz/) - Michelle Horovitz is co-founder and Vice President of Innovation at Appetite For Change (AFC), a nonprofit social enterprise organization in Minneapolis, MN, which is dedicated to using food as a tool to build health, wealth and social change. AFC works with residents to build strong families and healthy, equitable communities around food. Tune in to learn
- [Episode 68: Jeanette Burlingame](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-68-jeanette-burlingame/) - Jeanette Burlingame is the Program Manager at the Community Hunger Solutions in Viroqua, Wisconsin. Community Hunger Solutions is dedicated to connecting healthy, locally produced food with community members who face barriers to access. Tune in to learn more about: Jeanette’s story; About Community Hunger Solutions and their programs; How food pantries are still filled with processed food
- [Episode 67: Alicia Kennedy](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-67-alicia-kennedy/) - Originally from New York, Alicia Kennedy is an accomplished food writer based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Her weekly newsletter “From the Desk of Alicia Kennedy” delves into the topics of food culture, politics and media, and has over 17,000 subscribers. She also contributed a recipe to the 50th anniversary of Frances Moore Lappé’s “Diet
- [Episode 66: Dr. Robert Kremer](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-66-dr-robert-kremer/) - Dr. Robert Kremer is an adjunct professor of soil science in both the Division of Plant Science and the School of Natural Resources at the University of Missouri. Dr. Kremer served as a research microbiologist for 32 years with the Cropping Systems and Water Quality research unit in Columbia, MO. Tune in to learn more
- [Episode 65: Dr. David Haas](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-56-dr-david-haas/) - Dr. David Haas is the Robert A. Munsick Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Vice Chair for Research in the OBGYN Department at Indiana University School of Medicine. Dr. Haas, a former US Navy Medical Corps Commander, is also an ex-officio member of the Board of Directors for the Heartland Health Research Alliance, the sponsor
- [Episode 64: Dr. Asa Bradman](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-64-dr-asa-bradman/) - Dr. Asa Bradman is an expert in exposure assessment and epidemiology, focusing on occupational and environmental exposures to pregnant women, children, and farmworkers living in agricultural communities. In 1998, he co-founded the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH) in the UC Berkeley School of Public Health. In 2020, Dr. Bradman joined the faculty
- [Episode 63: Autumn Ness](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-63-autumn-ness/) - Autumn Ness, Director of the Hawai’i Program of Beyond Pesticides, is a community organizer and policy consultant to state and county legislators on agriculture, pesticide, and housing policy. Autumn was a leader in the historic citizens’ initiative for a moratorium on genetically engineered crops in Maui County, which won at the ballot box in 2014, but
- [Episode 62: Chris Bradshaw](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-62-chris-bradshaw/) - Christopher Bradshaw is the Founder and Executive Director of Dreaming Out Loud Inc., a food justice social enterprise that seeks to create economic opportunities for the D.C. metro region’s marginalized communities through building a healthy, equitable food system. Bradshaw was named an Ashoka-American Express Emerging Innovator in 2015, one of Food Trust’s 20 Leaders Under 40,
- [Episode 61: Aimée Code](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-61-aimee-code/) - Aimée Code is the Pesticide Program Director at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. For more than 20 years she has worked to promote ecologically-sound pest management. In 2013 she launched the Xerces Pesticide Program. In this role, she works with community activists, farmers, scientists and decision makers to eliminate harmful pesticide uses and create resilient
- [Episode 60: Dave Goulson](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-60-dave-goulson/) - Dave Goulson is a Professor of Biology at the University of Sussex (England), who specializes in bee ecology. Professor Goulson has published more than 300 scientific articles on the ecology and conservation of bumblebees and other insects, plus seven books, including the Sunday Times bestsellers “A Sting in the Tale” (2013), “The Garden Jungle” (2019),
- [Episode 59: Dr. Joan Dye Gussow (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-59-dr-joan-dye-gussow-re-run/) - Dr. Joan Dye Gussow is a Professor Emeritus of Nutrition and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, nutritionist, writer, and gardener. She was one of the first experts to advocate, as early as the 1970’s, that we “eat locally, think globally.” As a nonagenarian, she is still teaching, gardening and cooking her own food. Tune
- [Episode 58: Dr. Kara Young (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-58-dr-kara-young-re-run/) - Dr. Kara Young is an expert in food systems and racial inequality. Dr. Young worked as an Assistant Professor at the Ohio State University and currently sits on the steering committee of the Ohio Food Policy Network and the advisory circle of Kindred: “A Creative Accelerator for Artists of Color.” Dr. Young has a decade of experience writing, organizing,
- [Episode 58: Dr. Kara Young (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-58-dr-kara-young-re-run-2/) - Dr. Kara Young is an expert in food systems and racial inequality. Dr. Young worked as an Assistant Professor at the Ohio State University and currently sits on the steering committee of the Ohio Food Policy Network and the advisory circle of Kindred: “A Creative Accelerator for Artists of Color.” Dr. Young has a decade of experience writing, organizing,
- [Episode 58: Dr. Kara Young (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-58-dr-kara-young-re-run-3/) - Dr. Kara Young is an expert in food systems and racial inequality. Dr. Young worked as an Assistant Professor at the Ohio State University and currently sits on the steering committee of the Ohio Food Policy Network and the advisory circle of Kindred: “A Creative Accelerator for Artists of Color.” Dr. Young has a decade of experience writing, organizing,
- [Episode 57: Jose Oliva](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-57-jose-oliva/) - Jose Oliva is the Campaigns Director at HEAL Food Alliance and Director of the Chicago Area Food System Fund. Jose was the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the Food Chain Workers Alliance, a national coalition of food-worker organizations that collectively represents over 350,000 workers. He is a 2017 James Beard Award recipient and a 2018 American Food Hero Awardee. Tune
- [Episode 56: Atina Diffley](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-56-atina-diffley/) - Atina Diffley is an organic farmer, public speaker and author of the 2013 Minnesota Book Award winner, “Turn Here Sweet Corn: Organic Farming Works,” a memoir based on Atina’s life running the Gardens of Eagan organic vegetable farm. Her advocacy has addressed the pressures of suburban development and she successfully led a legal and citizen campaign against the
- [Episode 56: Atina Diffley](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-56-atina-diffley-2/) - Atina Diffley is an organic farmer, public speaker and author of the 2013 Minnesota Book Award winner, “Turn Here Sweet Corn: Organic Farming Works,” a memoir based on Atina’s life running the Gardens of Eagan organic vegetable farm. Her advocacy has addressed the pressures of suburban development and she successfully led a legal and citizen campaign against the
- [Episode 56: Atina Diffley](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-56-atina-diffley-3/) - Atina Diffley is an organic farmer, public speaker and author of the 2013 Minnesota Book Award winner, “Turn Here Sweet Corn: Organic Farming Works,” a memoir based on Atina’s life running the Gardens of Eagan organic vegetable farm. Her advocacy has addressed the pressures of suburban development and she successfully led a legal and citizen campaign against the
- [Episode 55: Beth Hoffman](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-55-beth-hoffman/) - Beth Hoffman is a beginning farmer working almost 530 acres in Iowa. For the last twenty years she has worked as a journalist covering food and agriculture. Her work has been aired and published on NPR’s Morning Edition, The Guardian, The Salt, Latino USA, and The News Hour. Her new book “Bet the Farm: The
- [Episode 25: Dr. Kamyar Enshayan](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-25-dr-kamyar-enshayan/) - Kamyar Enshayan is the Director of the Center for Energy & Environmental Education (CEEE) at the University of Northern Iowa (UNI). Dr. Enshayan has taught environmental studies since 1993 and founded the University of Northern Iowa’s Local Food Program in 1997. He received the 2008 Sustainable Agriculture Achievement Award from Practical Farmers of Iowa. Tune
- [Episode 31: Fred Kirschenmann](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-31-fred-kirschenmann/) - Fred Kirschenmann is a longtime national and international leader in sustainable agriculture. He shares an appointment as Distinguished Fellow for the Leopold Center and as President of Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture in Pocantico Hills, New York. He also manages his family’s 1,800-acre certified organic farm in south central North Dakota. Tune in to
- [Episode 32: Dr. Shakara Tyler](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-32-dr-shakara-tyler/) - Dr. Shakara Tyler is a returning generation farmer, educator and activist-scholar who engages in Black agrarianism, agroecology, food sovereignty and climate justice. Dr. Tyler serves as Board President at the Detroit Black Community Food Security Network and is a member of the Black Dirt Farm Collective and of the Detroit People’s Food Co-op. Tune in to learn more
- [Episode 34: Dr. Kara Young](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-34-dr-kara-young/) - Dr. Kara Young is an author, researcher, and educator on food systems and racial inequality. Dr. Young worked as an Assistant Professor at the Ohio State University and currently sits on the steering committee of the Ohio Food Policy Network and the advisory circle of Kindred: “A Creative Accelerator for Artists of Color.” Dr. Young has a decade
- [Episode 35: Robyn O'Brien](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-35-robyn-obrien/) - Robyn O’Brien is one of the most recognized voices in the food industry. Her TEDx talk, based on her book The Unhealthy Truth and watched by millions, exposes the shortcomings of our food system and has influenced policy, legislation, and product formulation in the food industry. Named “food’s Erin Brockovich” by the New York Times, Robyn
- [Episode 36: Mary Cleaver](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-36-mary-cleaver/) - Mary Cleaver is one of the country’s foremost authorities on sustainable food and local sourcing. Together with her husband, Mary operates Green Table Farms, a 200-acre organic family farm in Washington County, NY. She was the founder and owner of the catering company The Cleaver Co. and The Green Table restaurant in New York City. Tune
- [Episode 37: Karen Washington](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-37-karen-washington/) - Karen Washington is a leader and a community activist in New York City’s urban-farming and food-justice movements. She has won a James Beard Foundation Leadership Award in 2014, has been invited to the Obama White House for her involvement with New York’s Botanical Garden, and has been called “urban farming’s de facto godmother.” Karen is
- [Episode 38: Kendra Klein](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-38-kendra-klein/) - Dr. Kendra Klein, senior staff scientist at Friends of the Earth (FOE) is a writer, researcher, and advocate with expertise in environmental sustainability, food, agriculture, and public health. Tune in to learn more about: The women who inspired her to pursue her career About FOE and their projects in Food and Agriculture How neonicotinoids and glyphosate kill pollinators
- [Episode 40: Rupa Marya](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-40-rupa-marya/) - Dr. Rupa Marya is an Associate Professor of Medicine at UC-San Francisco, an activist, author and musician. She was recently awarded the Chancellor’s Award for Public Service. Dr. Marya also co-founded the Do No Harm Coalition, an organization of healthcare workers committed to overturning structural obstacles to health. She is also the co-author with Raj Patel
- [Episode 41: Marlaina Freisthler](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-41-marlaina-freisthler/) - Marlaina Freisthler is a Washington, D.C. based researcher and PhD student fellow with the Heartland Health Research Alliance. A mother with Midwestern roots, Marlaina grew up on a farm in Ohio and is passionate about environmentally mediated health challenges to which pregnant women and children are uniquely vulnerable. Tune in to learn more about: – Her
- [Episode 42: Brianna Fiene](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-42-brianna-fiene/) - Brianna Fiene is a Farm to Institution Outreach Specialist at the Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her work focuses on developing partnerships with institutions, researchers, business and industry stakeholders to create resilient value-chains critical for sustainable food-systems and regional farm to school events that connect Midwest producers to institutional markets. Tune in
- [Episode 43: Ken Lee](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-43-ken-lee/) - Ken Lee together with his wife Caryl Levine founded Lotus Foods in 1995, a company that focuses on importing handcrafted rice from small family farms. Ken and his team are committed to organic and regenerative practices that are generating more rice from less land, preserving valuable genetic biodiversity, saving hundreds of millions of gallons of
- [Episode 44: Dr. Fred Provenza](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-44-dr-fred-provenza/) - Dr. Fred Provenza is a Professor Emeritus of Behavioral Ecology in the Department of Wildland Resources at Utah State University, where he worked for 35 years directing an award-winning research group that pioneered an understanding of how learning influences foraging behavior and how behavior links soil, plants, herbivores, and humans. He is also the author of “Nourishment: What
- [Episode 47: Frances Moore Lappé](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-47-frances-moore-lappe/) - Frances Moore Lappé is the author or co-author of twenty books about world hunger, living democracy, and the environment, beginning with the three-million-copy Diet for a Small Planet in 1971. She is the co-founder of three organizations, including the Oakland-based think tank Food First, the Small Planet Institute, which she leads with her daughter Anna Lappé, and the Small Planet
- [Episode 49: Cynthia Barstow (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-49-cynthia-barstow-re-run/) - October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month and we are bringing back this amazing episode about Cynthia Barstow and her organization Protect Our Breasts. For Cynthia Barstow, Senior Lecturer of Marketing at Amherst Isenberg School at the University of Massachusetts and Founder and Executive Director of Protect Our Breasts, the fight against breast cancer is personal. In
- [Episode 50: Tony Bedard](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-50-tony-bedard/) - Tony Bedard is the Chief Executive Officer of Frontier Co-op, whose mission to nourish people and planet is rooted in corporate social responsibility. Tony has also led more than 25 humanitarian missions to El Salvador and Haiti to support projects in the areas of education, clean water, and healthcare. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 51: Karen Mischel](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-51-karen-mischel/) - Before becoming Mayor of her hometown of Viroqua, Wisconsin in 2018, Karen Mischel spent 17 years in the Merchant Marine, followed by her current occupation as an organic farm inspector. Tune in to learn more about: – Her story of growing up on a dairy farm in a small town in Wisconsin, her 17 years
- [Episode 52: Sophie Ackoff](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-52-sophie-ackoff/) - Sophie Ackoff is the Co-Executive Director of the National Young Farmers Coalition and has mobilized young farmers and their supporters for policy change since 2012. In 2019, she was named one of 25 Leaders in Food and Agriculture to Watch by Food Tank. Tune in to learn more about: – Sophie’s story about organizing farmers; –
- [Episode 53: Loren Cardeli](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-53-loren-cardeli/) - Loren Cardeli is the Executive Director and co-founder of A Growing Culture, an organization that promotes ecological agriculture across the globe. Loren is a leader in a small, but growing movement of farmer-centric organizations and has traveled around the world to help set up and run organic farms. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 54: Carey Gillam (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-54-carey-gillam-re-run/) - Carey Gillam is an American investigative journalist and author with more than 30 years of experience covering food and agricultural policies and practices, including 17 years as a senior correspondent for Reuters international news service. She has specialty knowledge regarding the rise of biotech crop technology and the associated rise in pervasive pesticide use in
- [Episode 54: Carey Gillam (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-54-carey-gillam-re-run-2/) - Carey Gillam is an American investigative journalist and author with more than 30 years of experience covering food and agricultural policies and practices, including 17 years as a senior correspondent for Reuters international news service. She has specialty knowledge regarding the rise of biotech crop technology and the associated rise in pervasive pesticide use in
- [Episode 54: Carey Gillam (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-54-carey-gillam-re-run-3/) - Carey Gillam is an American investigative journalist and author with more than 30 years of experience covering food and agricultural policies and practices, including 17 years as a senior correspondent for Reuters international news service. She has specialty knowledge regarding the rise of biotech crop technology and the associated rise in pervasive pesticide use in
- [Episode 51: Karen Mischel](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-51-karen-mischel-2/) - Before becoming Mayor of her hometown of Viroqua, Wisconsin in 2018, Karen Mischel spent 17 years in the Merchant Marine, followed by her current occupation as an organic farm inspector. Tune in to learn more about: – Her story of growing up on a dairy farm in a small town in Wisconsin, her 17 years
- [Episode 51: Karen Mischel](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-51-karen-mischel-3/) - Before becoming Mayor of her hometown of Viroqua, Wisconsin in 2018, Karen Mischel spent 17 years in the Merchant Marine, followed by her current occupation as an organic farm inspector. Tune in to learn more about: – Her story of growing up on a dairy farm in a small town in Wisconsin, her 17 years
- [Episode 49: Cynthia Barstow (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-49-cynthia-barstow-re-run-2/) - October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month and we are bringing back this amazing episode about Cynthia Barstow and her organization Protect Our Breasts. For Cynthia Barstow, Senior Lecturer of Marketing at Amherst Isenberg School at the University of Massachusetts and Founder and Executive Director of Protect Our Breasts, the fight against breast cancer is personal. In
- [Episode 49: Cynthia Barstow (re-run)](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-49-cynthia-barstow-re-run-3/) - October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month and we are bringing back this amazing episode about Cynthia Barstow and her organization Protect Our Breasts. For Cynthia Barstow, Senior Lecturer of Marketing at Amherst Isenberg School at the University of Massachusetts and Founder and Executive Director of Protect Our Breasts, the fight against breast cancer is personal. In
- [Episode 48: Ashley Koff](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-48-ashley-koff/) - Ashley Koff is a registered dietician, an award-winning nutrition expert, and an educator for doctors, nutritionists and fitness professionals. Her mission is to help people get better health powered by better total nutrition. She is the founder of the non-profit Ashley Koff Approved (AKA) and of The Better Nutrition Program. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 48: Ashley Koff](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-48-ashley-koff-2/) - Ashley Koff is a registered dietician, an award-winning nutrition expert, and an educator for doctors, nutritionists and fitness professionals. Her mission is to help people get better health powered by better total nutrition. She is the founder of the non-profit Ashley Koff Approved (AKA) and of The Better Nutrition Program. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 48: Ashley Koff](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-48-ashley-koff-3/) - Ashley Koff is a registered dietician, an award-winning nutrition expert, and an educator for doctors, nutritionists and fitness professionals. Her mission is to help people get better health powered by better total nutrition. She is the founder of the non-profit Ashley Koff Approved (AKA) and of The Better Nutrition Program. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 47: Frances Moore Lappé](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-47-frances-moore-lappe-2/) - Frances Moore Lappé is the author or co-author of twenty books about world hunger, living democracy, and the environment, beginning with the three-million-copy Diet for a Small Planet in 1971. She is the co-founder of three organizations, including the Oakland-based think tank Food First, the Small Planet Institute, which she leads with her daughter Anna Lappé, and the Small Planet
- [Episode 47: Frances Moore Lappé](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-47-frances-moore-lappe-3/) - Frances Moore Lappé is the author or co-author of twenty books about world hunger, living democracy, and the environment, beginning with the three-million-copy Diet for a Small Planet in 1971. She is the co-founder of three organizations, including the Oakland-based think tank Food First, the Small Planet Institute, which she leads with her daughter Anna Lappé, and the Small Planet
- [Episode 46: Melody Meyer](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-46-melody-meyer/) - Melody Meyer is an organic pioneer, with over 40 years of extensive knowledge in international trade, the marketing of organic food and organic industry policy. She is on the Board of Trustees for The Organic Trade Center and leads Source Organic, a company dedicated to Education, Advocacy, and Thought Leadership (EAT) for the organic industry
- [Episode 45: Ken Cook](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-45-ken-cook/) - Ken Cook is the president and co-founder of the Environmental Working Group. He is widely recognized as one of the environmental community’s most prominent and influential critics of industrial agriculture, U.S. food and farm policy, and the nation’s broken approach to protecting families and children from toxic substances. Tune in to learn more about: – His
- [Episode 39: Raj Patel](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-39-raj-patel/) - Raj Patel is an award-winning author, film-maker and academic. He is a Research Professor in the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, Austin and a Senior Research Associate at the Unit for the Humanities at the university currently known as Rhodes University (UHURU), South Africa. Raj’s latest book, co-authored
- [Episode 8: Charles Benbrook, PhD](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-8-charles-benbrook-phd/) - Theresa’s guest today is Dr. Charles Benbrook, who leads the management team carrying out the Heartland Study, a long-term clinical study that is assessing the impacts of herbicide exposures across the Midwest on birth outcomes and children’s development. Tune in to learn more about: – The history of Roundup – His work on the Roundup
- [Episode 33: Ken Meter](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-33-ken-meter/) - Ken Meter is one of the most experienced food system analysts in the United States, with 50 years of experience in inner-city and rural community capacity building, integrating market analysis, business development, systems thinking, and social concerns. His local economic analyses have promoted local food networks in 144 regions in 41 states, two provinces, and
- [Episode 30: Carolyn Raffensperger](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-30-carolyn-raffensperger/) - Carolyn Raffensperger is the Executive Director of the Science and Environmental Health Network (SEHN) as well as an environmental lawyer, specialized in the fundamental changes in law and policy necessary for the protection and restoration of public health and the environment. Tune in to learn more about: – Her own story from studying archeology to
- [Episode 29: Cori Skolaski](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-29-cori-skolaski/) - Cori Skolaski is the Executive Director of the Midwest Organic Service Association – MOSA, the second-largest organic certifier in the United States and the largest certifier of livestock and dairy. MOSA certifies over 2000 clients in 20 states, including nearly 300 organic processors, distributors, retailers and restaurants. Tune in to learn more about: – Cori’s personal
- [Episode 28: Maria Rodale](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-28-maria-rodale/) - Maria Rodale is the former chairman and executive officer of Rodale Inc., the global health and wellness content company, as well as an author and retired co-chairman of the Rodale Institute. Based in Pennsylvania, Maria is a mother to three daughters born in three different decades, a grandmother, and a secret children’s book author. Tune
- [Episode 27: Tom Frantzen](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-27-tom-frantzen/) - Tom Frantzen is an organic farmer, who together with his wife Irene, farms on a three hundred acre certified organic farm in New Hampton, Iowa growing corn, soybeans, hay, small grains and raising hogs and cattle. Tune in to learn more about: – Tom’s farming story – Why diversity leads to stability in farming –
- [Episode 26: Audrey Tran Lam](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-26-audrey-tran-lam/) - Audrey Tran Lam is an Environmental Health Program Manager at the Center for Energy and Environmental Education (CEEE), University of Northern Iowa as well as the Environmental Health Program Director at Good Neighbor Iowa. She holds a Master’s degree in Public Health from the University of Iowa and is currently studying food systems at Johns
- [Episode 24: Cynthia Barstow](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-24-cynthia-barstow/) - For Cynthia Barstow, Senior Lecturer of Marketing at Amherst Isenberg School at the University of Massachusetts and Founder and Executive Director of Protect Our Breasts, the fight against breast cancer is personal. In 2010, a routine mammogram led to her own breast cancer diagnosis—something faced by nearly 300,000 women each year. As her treatment began,
- [Episode 23: Dr. Samina Raja](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-23-dr-samina-raja/) - Dr. Samina Raja is University of Buffalo’s (UB) Professor of Urban Planning, Associate Dean for Research and Inclusive Excellence, principal investigator of the Food Systems Planning and Healthy Communities Lab (the “Food Lab”), and Co-Director of UB’s Community for Global Health Equity (CGHE). Dr. Raja is a leading scholar in her field and active leader
- [Episode 1: Dr. Phil Landrigan](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-1-dr-phil-landrigan/) - Dr. Landrigan is a pediatrician and epidemiologist, as well as Professor, Director of the Global Public Health Program and of the Global Pollution Observatory at the Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society at Boston College. Tune in to learn more about: – Pesticides and children’s health – Fetal programing, epigenetics & windows of vulnerability
- [Episode 2: Dr. Michelle Perro](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-2-dr-michelle-perro/) - Theresa is talking today with Dr. Michelle Perro, a veteran pediatrician with over thirty-nine years of experience in acute and integrative medicine. Dr. Perro has transformed her clinical practice to include pesticide and health advocacy more than fifteen years ago. She is also the co-author of “What is making our children sick” book as well
- [Episode 3: Chef Ann Cooper](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-3-chef-ann-cooper/) - Listen to Chef Ann Cooper speak with Theresa about her own story and her long life passion of providing better food for all children. With schools going virtual all across the country, high unemployment rates, and 1 in every 5 kids in the US being food insecure, every school have to make sure that their
- [Episode 4: Mackenzie Feldman](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-4-mackenzie-feldman/) - In this new episode Theresa chats with Mackenzie Feldman, Founder and Executive Director of Herbicide Free Campus, an organization that supports student groups who want to eliminate synthetic herbicide use on their campuses. Mackenzie’s activism was inspired while growing up in Hawaii witnessing and being part of the fight against GMO food. Listen to her incredible
- [Episode 5: Albie Miles, PhD](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-5-albie-miles-phd/) - Did you know that 90% of the food in Hawaii is imported? And that Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders experience significantly higher rates of diet-related chronic illness than the state average, including a 130% higher incidence of diabetes? Listen to Dr. Albie Miles of the University of Hawai’i, West O’ahu as he describes: – The
- [Episode 6: Author John Ikerd](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-6-author-john-ikerd/) - After growing up on a small dairy farm without running water and electricity and milking cows by hand, Dr. Ikerd initially supported the industrial food system, just to realize years later that it was having a severe impact on our environment, health and economy. Dr. Ikerd is hopeful that the way we farm can change.
- [Episode 7: Kathleen Merrigan, PhD](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-7-kathleen-merrigan-phd/) - Theresa’s guest today is Dr. Kathleen Merrigan, Professor in the School of Sustainability, Executive Director of the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems at Arizona State University as well as former Deputy Secretary and Chief Operating Officer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Tune in to learn more about: – The 3 legged stool of
- [Episode 9: Dr. Joan Dye Gussow](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-9-dr-joan-dye-gussow/) - Theresa’s guest today is Dr. Joan Dye Gussow, Professor Emeritus of Nutrition and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, nutritionist, writer, and gardener. She was one of the first experts to advocate, as early as the 1970’s, that we “eat locally, think globally.” As a nonagenarian, she is still teaching, gardening and cooking her own
- [Episode 10: Jen Salinetti](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-10-jen-salinetti/) - Jen Salinetti is co-owner and operator of Woven Roots Farm, a regenerative farm and CSA in Massachusetts, that grows vegetables, herbs, and flowers using traditional farming practices. For over 15 years, Jen has offered workshops and courses that develop relationships to the land, build skills of resilience and promote regenerative growing practices on the farm
- [Episode 11: Kevin Mahalko](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-11-kevin-mahalko/) - Kevin Mahalko is the Board President of the Wisconsin non-profit organization GrassWorks, a grassroots membership organization that provides leadership and education to farmers and consumers for the advancement of managed grass-based agriculture. With 45 cows on the 300 acre family farm, Kevin is all heart and soul when it comes to the health of his cows and
- [Episode 12: Dr. Jifunza Wright-Carter](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-12-dr-jifunza-wright-carter/) - Dr. Jifunza Wright-Carter M.D., M.P.H. is a family physician boarded in holistic integrative medicine. She is also a community health advocate and the co-founder of Black Oaks Center for Renewable Sustainable Living and Health Food Hub, a 500+ community supported agriculture project in Chicago. Black Oaks Center assists communities in reducing their carbon footprint and
- [Episode 13: Nse Witherspoon, MPH](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-13-nsedu-obot-witherspoon-mph/) - Nsedu Obot Witherspoon, MPH, Executive Director for the Children’s Environmental Health Network (CEHN), leader in the field of children’s health, and proud mom of four, has served as a key spokesperson for children’s health vulnerabilities and the need for their protection. Tune in to learn more about: – The Children’s Environmental Health Network and its push for
- [Episode 14: Leah Penniman](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-13-leah-penniman/) - Leah Penniman is a Black Kreyol farmer, mother, soil nerd, author and food justice activist. She co-funded Soul Fire Farm in 2010 with the mission to end racism in the food system and reclaim the ancestral connection to the land. As co-Executive Director, Leah is part of a team that facilitates powerful food sovereignty programs, including farmer
- [Episode 15: Sarah Minnick](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-15-sarah-minnick/) - Theresa’s guest today is Sarah Minnick, chef and co-owner of Lovely’s Fifty Fifty, a pizzeria and ice cream shop in Portland, Oregon. Sarah has one of the most refreshing, liberating takes on pizza, using only organic home-made tomato sauce as well as fairy-tale toppings like cornflower blossoms and fenugreek greens. Tune in to learn more about: –
- [Episode 16: Odessa Piper](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-16-odessa-piper/) - Odessa Piper, founder of L’Etoile, a pioneering farm-to-table restaurant in Madison, Wisconsin, is an author and James Beard award winner as Best Chef Midwest in 2002. In 2018, Odessa helped launch the Food Artisan Immersion Program, a seasonal work-study residency on Frank Lloyd Wright’s Taliesin Estate in Spring Green, Wisconsin, that focuses on the Driftless Region ecology and
- [Episode 17: Dr. Bruce Lanphear](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-17-dr-bruce-lanphear/) - Dr. Bruce Lanphear is a public health physician and professor of health sciences at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia. His goal is to quantify and ultimately prevent chronic disease from widespread exposures to toxic chemicals and pollutants. Tune in to learn more about: – Little Things Matter, a compilation of short videos that explain exposure
- [Episode 18: Carey Gillam](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-18-carey-gillam/) - Carey Gillam is an American investigative journalist and author with more than 30 years of experience covering food and agricultural policies and practices, including 17 years as a senior correspondent for Reuters international news service. She has specialty knowledge regarding the rise of biotech crop technology and the associated rise in pervasive pesticide use in
- [Episode 20: Leonardo Trasande](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-20-leonardo-trasande/) - Dr. Leonardo Trasande, Jim G. Hendrick MD Professor, is the Director of the Division of Environmental Pediatrics and Vice Chair for Research in the Department of Pediatrics at the New York University (NYU) School of Medicine. Dr. Trasande is also the author of the 2019 published book “Sicker, Fatter, Poorer: The Urgent Threat of Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals to Our
- [Episode 21: George Siemon](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-21-george-siemon/) - George Siemon is the co-founder and former CEO of CROPP/ Organic Valley, the largest cooperative of organic farmers and one of the nation’s leading organic brands. As an organic pioneer and advocate for family farms over the last 30 years, George is passionate about alternative ownership models, such as the cooperative model and the newer
- [Episode 22: Tom Philpott](https://hh-ra.org/hs-radio-episode/episode-22-tom-philpott/) - Tom Philpott is the food and agriculture correspondent for Mother Jones and author of Perilous Bounty: The Looming Collapse of American Farming and How We Can Prevent It (Bloomsbury 2020). His work has won numerous awards, including a Gerald Loeb Award for Distinguished Business and Financial Journalism. Tune in to learn more about: – His

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://hh-ra.org/category/uncategorized/)
- [HHRA News](https://hh-ra.org/category/hhra-news/)
- [Blog](https://hh-ra.org/category/blog/)
- [Science Matters](https://hh-ra.org/category/science-matters/)
- [Pregnancy](https://hh-ra.org/category/pregnancy/)
- [Public Health](https://hh-ra.org/category/public-health/)
- [Pesticides](https://hh-ra.org/category/pesticides/)
- [About HHRA](https://hh-ra.org/category/about-hhra/)
- [Children's Health](https://hh-ra.org/category/childrens-health/)
- [Solutions](https://hh-ra.org/category/solutions/)
- [Policy](https://hh-ra.org/category/policy/)
- [Organic](https://hh-ra.org/category/organic/)

## Tags

- [Blog](https://hh-ra.org/tag/blog/)
- [About HHRA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/about-hhra/)
- [HHRA News](https://hh-ra.org/tag/hhra-news/)
- [The Heartland Study](https://hh-ra.org/tag/the-heartland-study/)
- [Clinical Research](https://hh-ra.org/tag/clinical-research/)
- [Pesticide Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/tag/pesticide-exposure/)
- [Dietary Risk](https://hh-ra.org/tag/dietary-risk/)
- [Analytical Methods](https://hh-ra.org/tag/analytical-methods/)
- [HHRA Peer Reviewed Publications](https://hh-ra.org/tag/hhra-publications/)
- [Gut Health and the Microbiome](https://hh-ra.org/tag/mirobiome-gut-health/)
- [Glyphosate](https://hh-ra.org/tag/glyphosate/)
- [Guest Blog](https://hh-ra.org/tag/guest-blog/)
- [Science Matters](https://hh-ra.org/tag/science-matters/)
- [Roundup](https://hh-ra.org/tag/roundup/)
- [Cancer](https://hh-ra.org/tag/cancer/)
- [Environment](https://hh-ra.org/tag/environment/)
- [EPA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/epa/)
- [Robin Mesnage](https://hh-ra.org/tag/robin-mesnage/)
- [Herbicides](https://hh-ra.org/tag/herbicides/)
- [Insecticides](https://hh-ra.org/tag/insecticides/)
- [Policy and Regulatory Reform](https://hh-ra.org/tag/policy-and-regulatory-reform/)
- [Dicamba](https://hh-ra.org/tag/dicamba/)
- [weedkiller](https://hh-ra.org/tag/weedkiller/)
- [Policy and Politics](https://hh-ra.org/tag/policy-and-politics/)
- [Glufosinate](https://hh-ra.org/tag/glufosinate/)
- [24D](https://hh-ra.org/tag/24d/)
- [Biomonitoring](https://hh-ra.org/tag/biomonitoring/)
- [Pregnancy](https://hh-ra.org/tag/pregnancy/)
- [Dicamba Drift](https://hh-ra.org/tag/dicamba-drift/)
- [Environmental Protection Agency](https://hh-ra.org/tag/environmental-protection-agency/)
- [Scientific Integrity](https://hh-ra.org/tag/scientific-integrity/)
- [Children's Development](https://hh-ra.org/tag/childrens-development/)
- [Reproductive Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/tag/reproductive-impacts/)
- [Preterm Birth](https://hh-ra.org/tag/preterm-birth/)
- [Chlorpyrifos](https://hh-ra.org/tag/chlorpyrifos/)
- [Imidacloprid](https://hh-ra.org/tag/imidacloprid/)
- [Oxidative Stress](https://hh-ra.org/tag/oxidative-stress/)
- [Omics](https://hh-ra.org/tag/omics/)
- [Liver Disease](https://hh-ra.org/tag/liver-disease/)
- [Risk Assessment](https://hh-ra.org/tag/risk-assessment/)
- [EU](https://hh-ra.org/tag/eu/)
- [Pesticide Use](https://hh-ra.org/tag/pesticide-use/)
- [Fungicides](https://hh-ra.org/tag/fungicides/)
- [Trends](https://hh-ra.org/tag/trends/)
- [Neurotoxicity](https://hh-ra.org/tag/neurotoxicity/)
- [AMPA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/ampa/)
- [Children's Health](https://hh-ra.org/tag/childrens-health/)
- [Adverse Birth Outcomes](https://hh-ra.org/tag/adverse-birth-outcomes/)
- [Organic Foods](https://hh-ra.org/tag/organic-foods/)
- [Weed Management](https://hh-ra.org/tag/weed-management/)
- [Resistant Weeds](https://hh-ra.org/tag/resistant-weeds/)
- [Pest Resistance](https://hh-ra.org/tag/pest-resistance/)
- [Farming Practices](https://hh-ra.org/tag/farming-practices/)
- [Heartland Region](https://hh-ra.org/tag/heartland-region/)
- [Farming Systems](https://hh-ra.org/tag/farming-systems/)
- [Heartland Stories Radio](https://hh-ra.org/tag/heartland-stories-radio/)
- [Communications and Outreach](https://hh-ra.org/tag/communications-and-outreach/)
- [CDC](https://hh-ra.org/tag/cdc/)
- [Environmental Justice](https://hh-ra.org/tag/environmental-justice/)
- [Education](https://hh-ra.org/tag/education/)
- [2](https://hh-ra.org/tag/2/)
- [4-D](https://hh-ra.org/tag/4-d/)
- [Dietary Risk Index](https://hh-ra.org/tag/dietary-risk-index/)
- [Regulation](https://hh-ra.org/tag/regulation/)
- [#Candid](https://hh-ra.org/tag/candid/)
- [Ramazzini](https://hh-ra.org/tag/ramazzini/)
- [planned giving](https://hh-ra.org/tag/planned-giving/)
- [supporting HHRA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/supporting-hhra/)
- [NOSB](https://hh-ra.org/tag/nosb/)
- [USDA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/usda/)
- [organics](https://hh-ra.org/tag/organics/)
- [pesticides](https://hh-ra.org/tag/pesticides/)
- [Food processing](https://hh-ra.org/tag/food-processing/)
- [FDA](https://hh-ra.org/tag/fda/)
- [monsanto-durnell](https://hh-ra.org/tag/monsanto-durnell/)

## Bibliography Tags

- [Biomonitoring](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/biomonitoring/)
- [Full Text Available](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/full-text-available/)
- [Glyphosate](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/glyphosate/)
- [Epidemiological Studies](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/epidemiological-studies/)
- [Female Reproductive Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/female-reproductive-impacts/)
- [Miscarriage Rate](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/miscarriage-rate/)
- [Pregnancy](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pregnancy/)
- [Birth Defects](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/birth-defects/)
- [Endocrine Disruptors](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/endocrine-disruptors/)
- [Developmental Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/developmental-impacts/)
- [Male Reproductive Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/male-reproductive-impacts/)
- [Adjuvants](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/adjuvants/)
- [Roundup](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/roundup/)
- [Neonicotinoids](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/neonicotinoids/)
- [Epigenetic Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/epigenetic-impacts/)
- [Birthweight](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/birthweight/)
- [Cancer](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/cancer/)
- [Dietary Risk](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dietary-risk/)
- [Cytotoxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/cytotoxicity/)
- [Liver Damage](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/liver-damage/)
- [Ethics and Environmental Justice](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/ethics-and-environmental-justice/)
- [Policy and Politics](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/policy-and-politics/)
- [Remediation](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/remediation/)
- [24 D](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/2-4-d/)
- [Heartland Region](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/heartland-region/)
- [Oxidative Stress](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/oxidative-stress/)
- [Organophosphates](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/organophosphates/)
- [Genotoxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/genotoxicity/)
- [Other Health Risks](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/other-health-risks/)
- [Kidney Disease](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/kidney-disease/)
- [Atrazine](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/atrazine/)
- [Dicamba](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dicamba/)
- [Gestational Length](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/gestational-length/)
- [Diversified Weed Management/Integrated Pest Management (IPM)](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/diversified-weed-management-ipm/)
- [Herbicide Use](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/herbicide-use/)
- [Resistant Weeds](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/resistant-weeds/)
- [Weed Management Systems](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/weed-management-systems/)
- [Neurodevelopmental Toxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/neurodevelopmental-toxicity/)
- [Crop Science](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/crop-science/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part IV](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/lowdown-on-roundup-part-iv/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part I](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/lowdown-part1/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part II](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/lowdown-part2/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part III](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/lowdown-part3/)
- [Cumulative Toxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/cumulative-toxicity/)
- [Herbicide Industry Labels and User Guides](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/herbicide-labels-guides/)
- [Dicamba Watch](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dicamba-watch/)
- [Chlorpyrifos](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/chlorpyrifos/)
- [Environmental Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/environmental-impacts/)
- [Microbiome](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/microbiome/)
- [Dicamba Part I](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dicamba-part-i/)
- [Dicamba Part II](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dd-part2/)
- [Dicamba Part III](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dd-partiii/)
- [Cypermethrin](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/cypermethrin/)
- [Metolachlor](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/metolachlor/)
- [Glufosinate](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/glufosinate/)
- [Risk Assessment](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/risk-assessment/)
- [Paraquat](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/paraquat/)
- [Analytical Methods](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/analytical-methods/)
- [AMPA](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/ampa/)
- [Meta-Analysis or Review Paper](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/meta-analysis/)
- [Pesticide Residues](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-residues/)
- [Gastrointestinal Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/gastrointestinal-impacts/)
- [Desiccation](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/desiccation/)
- [Birth Cohort Studies](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/birth-cohort-studies/)
- [Exposure in Pets](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/exposure-in-pets/)
- [Exposure at School and Public Spaces](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/exposure-at-school-and-public-spaces/)
- [Agricultural Health Study](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/agricultural-health-study/)
- [Science Team Publication](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/science-team-publication/)
- [Endosulfan](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/endosulfan/)
- [Insecticides](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/insecticides/)
- [Imidacloprid](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/imidacloprid/)
- [Economics](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/economics/)
- [Pesticide Use](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-use/)
- [Occupational Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/occupational-exposure/)
- [DDT](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/ddt/)
- [Fertility](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/fertility/)
- [Diazinon](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/diazinon/)
- [Communicating Science](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/communicating-science/)
- [Trends Analysis](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/trends-analysis/)
- [Pollinators](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pollinators/)
- [Pesticide Drift](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-drift/)
- [Herbicides](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/herbicides/)
- [National Cancer Institute](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/national-cancer-institute/)
- [Multi-omics](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/multi-omics/)
- [Fungicides](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/fungicides/)
- [Traizoles](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/traizoles/)
- [Pesticide Resistance](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-resistance/)
- [Reproductive Impacts](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/reproductive-impacts/)
- [Regenerative Agriculture](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/regenerative-agriculture/)
- [Food Systems](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/food-systems/)
- [Soil Health](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/soil-health/)
- [Sperm Quality](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/sperm-quality/)
- [Persistent Organic Pollutants](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/persistent-organic-pollutants/)
- [Pesticide Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-exposure/)
- [Oxamyl](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/oxamyl/)
- [Surfactants](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/surfactants/)
- [DNA Damage](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/dna-damage/)
- [Organic vs Conventional](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/organic-vs-conventional/)
- [Public Health](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/public-health/)
- [Pesticide Legislation](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-legislation/)
- [Pesticide Registration](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-registration/)
- [EPA Regulation](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/epa-regulation/)
- [Organochlorines](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/organochlorines/)
- [Parkinson's Disease](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/parkinsons-disease/)
- [Rural Health](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/rural-health/)
- [Climate Change](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/climate-change/)
- [Pesticide Effectiveness](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-effectiveness/)
- [Obesity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/obesity/)
- [Diet](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/diet/)
- [Nitric Oxide](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/nitric-oxide/)
- [Pregestational Obesity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pregestational-obesity/)
- [Autism](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/autism/)
- [Maternal Gut Microbiome](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/maternal-gut-microbiome/)
- [Organic](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/organic/)
- [Herbicide Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/herbicide-exposure/)
- [Pesticide Toxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pesticide-toxicity/)
- [Pyrethroids](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/pyrethroids/)
- [Genetically Modified Crops](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/genetically-modified-crops/)
- [Invertebrate Toxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/invertebrate-toxicity/)
- [Environmental Health](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/environmental-health/)
- [Biodiversity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/biodiversity/)
- [GBH](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/gbh/)
- [Children](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/children/)
- [Biomarkers](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/biomarkers/)
- [Gender](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/gender/)
- [Seasonal](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/seasonal/)
- [Agrochemicals](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/agrochemicals/)
- [Environmental Racism](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/environmental-racism/)
- [ethnicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/ethnicity/)
- [Exposure](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/exposure/)
- [HHRA Publication](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/hhra-publication/)
- [prenatal](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/prenatal/)
- [Toxicity](https://hh-ra.org/bibliography-tag/toxicity/)

## Media Categories

- [PDFs](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/pdfs/)
- [Bibliography](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/bibliography/)
- [Data and Tables](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/data-and-tables/)
- [Dicamba Diary Part I](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/dd-part1/)
- [Dicamba Diary Part II](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/dd-part2/)
- [Dicamba Diary Part III](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/dd-part3/)
- [Dicamba Watch](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/dicamba-watch/)
- [EPA Docs](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/epa-docs/)
- [Labels](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/labels/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part I](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/refs-lowdown-part-1/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part II](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/refs-lowdown-part-2/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part III](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/refs-lowdown-part-3/)
- [Lowdown on Roundup Part IV](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/lowdown-part4/)
- [Media](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/media/)
- [Misc](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/misc-pdfs/)
- [Presentations](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/presentations/)
- [Reports](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/reports/)
- [Science Journal Articles](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/science-articles/)
- [Photos](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/photos/)
- [Farming](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/farming/)
- [Pesticides](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/pesticides/)
- [Crops](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/crops/)
- [Moms and Babies](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/moms-and-babies/)
- [Science](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/science/)
- [Policy](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/policy/)
- [People](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/people/)
- [Food](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/food/)
- [Misc](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/misc/)
- [Graphics](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/graphics/)
- [Logos](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/logos/)
- [White Papers](https://hh-ra.org/media_category/white-papers/)