Since its inception in 2020, The Heartland Study has enrolled nearly 2,000 mother-infant pairs. As of August, 2026, the Study team is focused on initiating Phase 2. The second phase will assess infant and early child development among the participants.

Heartland Study Publications
- Daggy JK, Haas DM, Yu Y, et al. Dicamba and 2,4-D in the urine of pregnant women in the Midwest: Comparison of two cohorts (2010–2012 vs. 2020–2022). Agrochemicals. 2024;3(1):42-56. doi:10.3390/agrochemicals3010005
- Jampa A, Moss KL, Flannery KM, et al. A latent class analysis of dietary intake in a midwestern United States pregnancy cohort. North American Proceedings in Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2024;3(3). doi:10.54053/001c.117382
- Freisthler M, Winchester PW, Young HA, Haas DM. Perinatal health effects of herbicides exposures in the United States: the Heartland Study, a Midwestern birth cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2308. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17171-9
- Larose J, Bienvenu JF, Bélanger P, Gaudreau É, Yu Y, Guise DM. New sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 13 phenolic and carboxylic acid pesticide biomarkers in human urine, including dicamba. Chemosphere. 2023;344:140349. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140349
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