Bibliography Tag: meta analysis

Bibliography Index

Roberts et al., 2019

Roberts, J. R., Dawley, E. H., & Reigart, J. R., “Children’s low-level pesticide exposure and associations with autism and ADHD: a review,” Pediatric Research, 2019, 85(2), 234-241. DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0200-z.

ABSTRACT:

Pesticides are chemicals that are designed specifically for the purpose of killing or suppressing another living organism. Human toxicity is possible with any pesticide, and a growing body of literature has investigated possible associations with neurodevelopmental disorders. Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two of these specific disorders that have garnered particular interest. Exposure to toxic chemicals during critical windows of brain development is a biologically plausible mechanism. This review describes the basic laboratory science including controlled pesticide dosing experiments in animals that supports a mechanistic relationship in the development of ADHD and/or ASD. Epidemiological relationships are also described for low-level pesticide exposure and ADHD and/or ASD. The available evidence supports the hypothesis that pesticide exposure at levels that do not cause acute toxicity may be among the multifactorial causes of ADHD and ASD, though further study is needed, especially for some of the newer pesticides. FULL TEXT

Cai et al., 2017

Cai, Wenyan, Ji, Ying, Song, Xianping, Guo, Haoran, Han, Lei, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Xin, Zhang, Hengdong, Zhu, Baoli, & Xu, Ming, “Effects of glyphosate exposure on sperm concentration in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 55, 148-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.015.

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Correlation between exposure to glyphosate and sperm concentrations is important in reproductive toxicity risk assessment for male reproductive functions. Many studies have focused on reproductive toxicity on glyphosate, however, results are still controversial. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between glyphosate exposure and sperm concentrations of rodents. The aim of this study is to explore the potential adverse effects of glyphosate on reproductive function of male rodents.

METHODS: Systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE, TOXLINE, Embase, WANFANG and CNKI databases with different combinations of glyphosate exposure and sperm concentration. 8 studies were eventually identified and random-effect model was conducted. Heterogeneity among study results was calculated via chi-square tests. Ten independent experimental datasets from these eight studies were acquired to synthesize the random-effect model.

RESULTS: A decrease in sperm concentrations was found with mean difference of sperm concentrations (MDsperm)=−2.774×106/sperm/g/testis(95%CI=−0.969 to −4.579) in random-effect model after glyphosate exposure. There was also a significant decrease after fitting the random-effect model: MDsperm=−1.632×106/sperm/g/testis (95%CI=−0.662 to −2.601).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of meta-analysis support the hypothesis that glyphosate exposure decreased sperm concentration in rodents. Therefore, we conclude that glyphosate is toxic to male rodent’s reproductive system. FULL TEXT

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